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101.
102.
Differential interactions ofColletotrichum gloeosporioides isolate KG 13 with green and red pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum were found when it was inoculated on unwounded and wounded fruits. The isolate produced the typically necrotic, sunken anthracnose
symptom on unwounded and wounded green fruits, and wounded red ones, but not on unwounded red ones. Appressorial formation
of the fungus on the surfaces of compatible green fruits was higher than on incompatible red ones up to 12 h after inoculation.
More and longer infection pegs from appressoria were produced on green than on red fruits. When cuticular wax layers of green
and red fruits were removed by dipping in chloroform, red ones only produced larger lesions and more conidia than water-dipped
controls did. However, differences in lesion diameter and conidial production were not observed between green and red fruits
wounded by pin-pricking. In addition, concentrations of wax extracted from the surface of green and red fruits affected conidial
germination and appressorial formation of the fungus. These findings suggest that the isolate KG 13 ofC. gloeosporioides may react differentially to green and red pepper fruits, probably due to the physical and chemical differences in cuticular
layers of the fruits. 相似文献
103.
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105.
2012年至2013年在甘肃省各当归主产区发现的一种疑似当归炭疽病的病害,该病害主要危害植株茎秆。发病初期先在植株外部茎秆上出现浅褐色病斑,随后病斑逐渐扩大,形成深褐色长条形病斑,叶片变黄枯死,茎秆从外向内逐渐干枯死亡,后期在病斑上出现黑色小颗粒（分生孢子盘）,最后整株枯死。通过病菌形态学鉴定、ITS 基因序列分析以及致病性测定,已确定该病害是由束状炭疽菌危害引起的当归炭疽病。本研究系首次报道。经过室内盆栽接种试验表明,针刺、灌根和喷雾接种均能发病,以针刺发病最重,其次为灌根处理,喷雾接种最轻,表明病菌通过伤口、根部以及地上部分均可侵入;此病一般在6月中、下旬开始发生,8月下旬到9月上旬达到发病高峰,田间发病率、病情指数与气温和相对湿度存在极显著的正相关,即温度高、湿度大有利于病害发生,且湿度的影响大于温度影响。本研究为当归炭疽病的防治提供了依据。 相似文献
106.
Abstract Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze, a root parasite, causes severe loss of yield in sorghum and several other crops. The seeds of the parasite are induced to germinate by a stimulant in the host root exudate. Presowing hardening of the host with vanillic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid (25 ppm) reduces the induction of seed germination in the parasite by the host root exudate. The treatment causes a slight improvement in the dry matter production in the host and in addition, increases the phenolics level in the host root exudate. The latter effect might be responsible for reducing germination in Striga. If the treatment remains effective under field conditions also, it reduces significantly the incidence of Striga in cultivated fields. 相似文献
107.
Post-harvest development of anthracnose in pepper (Capsicum spp): Etiology and management strategies
Chilli anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp, is one of the main causes for post-harvest decay of chilli. It can develop on the field, during long distant transport, cold storage and shelf-life. In conventional agriculture, the whole plant including the fruits, are sprayed with fungicides as a prerequisite for post-harvest control of chilli anthracnose. Due to consumer concerns regarding the use of synthetic fungicides and the demand for safer storage methods, the use of synthetic fungicides is no longer allowed for the post-harvest control of chilli anthracnose. As a result, studies on alternative methods to control post-harvest decay have been developed over the years along with the demand for safer storage methods. In this review, results published within the last decade have been summarized and alternative approaches to synthetic fungicides for post-harvest control of chilli anthracnose were discussed in detail. Overall, the use of natural antimicrobials, biocontrol agents, resistant cultivars and ozone shows promise as treatments that can be adopted on a commercial scale to control post-harvest chilli anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species. 相似文献
108.
Summary
Colletotrichum acutatum on strawberry was first introduced to the UK on runners of cultivar Brighton, which were imported from California in 1983.
Recently further outbreaks have been reported following the importation of infected runner plants from mainland Europe.
Phytosanitary precautions have so far been successful in controlling the disease but the current trend in the UK is for increasing
late season production. This increases the likelihood of there being fruiting plants when the environmental conditions are
favourable toC. acutatum.
Fifteen cultivars and 19 HRI breeding lines were tested for susceptibility toC. acutatum using the most pathogenic isolate found on plants imported into the UK. It is likely this isolate was originally of Californian
origin. Potted plants were spray inoculated and subsequently rated in the glasshouse using a disease severity rating (DSR)
with the range from 0–4, where a rating of 4 indicated severe disease symptoms.
In contrast to results from California and Italy standard deviations were variable and often large and consequently it was
considered unsafe to classify the susceptibility of the genotypes on the basis of mean DSR alone. Classification was thus
based on a combination of the mean value and the distribution of the scores but in some cases the results were inconclusive.
It was possible to classify five lines as having a high level of resistance (Elvira, Honeoye, EM99, EM224, EM255); six lines
had a useful level of resistance but did show symptoms on some plants (Cambridge Favourite, Gorella, Pandora, Pantagruella,
EM17 and EM290); five lines were highly susceptible (Elsanta, Redgauntlet, Tamella, EM237 and EM319). The remaining 18 lines
could not be classified with the same degree of certainty but 10 were probably resistant. 相似文献
109.
110.