田间自然条件下葡萄黑痘病抗性鉴定     

刘晓娟  万然  王伯花  李智  王西平 《西北农业学报》2015,24(6):138-142

葡萄黑痘病是危害葡萄生产的重要真菌病害之一,进行葡萄黑痘病抗性鉴定筛选抗病种质具有重要的意义。采用田间自然鉴定的方法,分析48份葡萄材料(北美种群内种间杂种、中国野葡萄、欧美杂种及欧亚种)对黑痘病的抗性差异。结果表明:不同葡萄材料对黑痘病抗性有着很大的差异。北美种群2个砧木品种、中国野葡萄华东葡萄湖南-1和山葡萄通化3号、欧美杂种均较欧亚种抗病,5BB、SO4、湖南-1、通化3号、京亚、8611、夏黑、翠峰和巨峰等表现为高度抗病;欧亚种对黑痘病的抗性表现为抗病和感病2种类型,其中紫地球、红提、玫瑰香等表现感病。研究结果为葡萄生产栽培和抗黑痘病育种提供理论依据。  相似文献   

木霉菌剂提高‘红颜’草莓炭疽病抗性的效应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张雪  张志宏  刘月学  马跃  王丰 《西北农业学报》2010,19(8):153-156

以草莓炭疽病感病品种'红颜'为试材,研究绿色木霉菌剂(以菌落形成单位计,含量为1010 /g)对草莓植株生长势和炭疽病抗性的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内,植株生长势随着木霉菌剂含量的增加而增强.人工接种胶孢炭疽菌后,木霉菌剂处理植株的匍匐茎、叶片和叶柄的病情指数均明显低于对照,其中处理D和处理E植株的叶片病情指数和叶柄病情指数仅为对照的1/4～1/3;处理植株叶片中β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性明显高于对照.叶片、叶柄、匍匐茎的病情指数分别与β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性呈极显著负相关.研究结果为利用木霉菌剂提高草莓炭疽病抗性提供了依据.  相似文献   

木薯炭疽病菌的室内杀菌剂筛选   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

时涛  黄彩霞  蔡吉苗  林春花  黄贵修 《中国农学通报》2010,26(7):237-240

采用菌丝生长速率法对两个来自海南的木薯炭疽病菌菌株进行了13种杀菌剂的室内筛选。结果表明,必扑尔(25%丙环唑EC)、咪鲜胺(25%咪鲜胺EC)和国光多菌灵(50%多菌灵WP)的EC50值最小,抑菌效果最好;敌克松(55%敌磺钠WP)和代森锰锌(50%代森锰锌WP)的EC50值最大,抑菌效果最差,建议生产上使用丙环唑、咪鲜胺和多菌灵等来防治木薯炭疽病。  相似文献   

木薯炭疽病病原鉴定及其生物学特性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

蔡吉苗  李超萍  时涛  林春花  黄贵修 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(10):5435-5438,5467

[目的]分离鉴定木薯炭疽病菌,并进行生物学特性研究。[方法]从我国海南木薯发病叶片上分离到2株木薯炭疽病菌CCGHN01和CCGHN03,通过分生孢子形态观察和ITS序列分析进行鉴定,并进行生物学特性研究。[结果]分生孢子形态观察和ITS序列分析表明2株病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌。生物学特性研究表明,2个菌株生长最适培养基为PSA,最适温度分别是26和30℃,最适pH值为8.0,最适光照条件分别是光暗交替和完全黑暗。2个菌株孢子萌发最适温度分别是28和30℃,致死温度为55℃10min。[结论]该研究为进一步防治木薯炭疽病提供了基础。  相似文献   

Effect of biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and 1-methyl cyclopropene on the control of postharvest diseases and maintenance of fruit quality     

Mohamed Salia OsmanDharini Sivakumar  Lise Korsten 《Crop Protection》2011,30(2):173-178

Efficacy of biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PPCB004 was evaluated on the control of anthracnose and phomopsis rot in ‘Solo’ papaya pre-treated with 1-methyl cyclopropene (100 μl) (1-MCP) during storage. This treatment was compared to the untreated control, commercial treatment (washing in chlorinated water), stand alone 1-MCP and PPCB004 treatment. Although fruit pre-treated with 1-MCP delayed the ripening (100% yellow) after cold storage by 9-10 d, it showed higher incidence and severity of anthracnose and phomopsis rot than the fruit subjected to commercial treatment. Application of PPCB004 after 1-MCP pre-treatment (1-MCP + PPCB004) reduced the anthracnose and phomopsis incidence and severity after cold storage (10 °C, 85% RH for 14 d) and ripening at 25 °C. The 1-MCP + PPCB004 treatment helped to retain the fruit firmness, overall quality and uniform yellow skin (100%) and flesh colour after ripening. The PPCB004 was effectively recovered from stand alone PPCB004 and 1-MCP + PPCB004 treated fruit after cold storage and ripening. The PPCB004 population showed an increase by 1 log units after ripening in 1-MCP + PPCB004 treated fruit. After ripening the recovery of PPCB004 population was higher (0.7 log units) in 1-MCP + PPCB004. The total recovery of fungal population on the fruit surface after ripening was lower in 1-MCP + PPCB004 and stand alone PPCB004 treated fruit. It can be concluded that application of B. amyloliquefaciens PPCB004 with 1-MCP pre-treated papaya (at 25-30% skin yellow stage) can significantly reduce disease incidence associated with 1-MCP treatment. This treatment has the potential for commercial application in the ‘organic’ papaya industry.  相似文献   

Agronomic and economic assessment of intensive pest management of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)     

Gerard M. PynenburgPeter H. Sikkema  Chris L. Gillard 《Crop Protection》2011,30(3):340-348

Two common production constraints of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Ontario are annual weeds and anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum). Dry bean is not considered a competitive crop and weed interference can result in substantial yield losses, while anthracnose is considered one of the most devastating diseases in dry bean production. A study conducted in Ontario Canada, examined the effect of two herbicide programs on weed management, thiamethoxam insecticide treatment on plant enhancement and three fungicide programs on anthracnose development in a navy bean cv. ‘OAC Rex’. The premium herbicide program (s-metolachlor + imazethapyr) reduced percent weed ground cover relative to the economic herbicide program (trifluralin) in five of six locations. Thiamethoxam increased emergence and vigour at only one location, which contradicts reported benefits of thiamethoxam on plant health. The herbicide or thiamethoxam treatments did not affect anthracnose disease severity, visible seed quality, net yield or economic return. The fungicide seed treatment was often superior to the untreated control, for a number of the parameters measured. The application date of the foliar fungicide, relative to the onset of disease, varied between site-years. This dramatically influenced the fungicide’s effectiveness. Foliar fungicides increased seed quality and net economic return compared to the control when applied prior to disease development. The combination of fungicide seed treatment followed by a foliar fungicide provided the largest reduction in anthracnose severity.  相似文献   

建兰炭疽病病原菌分离、鉴定及培养条件优化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姚锦爱  黄鹏  余德亿  吕苏敏  林丽萍 《热带作物学报》2011,32(10):1940-1944

以福建漳州和福州地区的建兰炭疽病病株为试验材料,分离、鉴定病原菌,优化培养条件.结果表明:建兰炭疽病病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).病原菌生长的最适培养基为PDA,最适温度为28℃,最适pH值为7.0,最适光照为完全黑暗或12h光暗交替,最适碳源为蔗糖或淀粉,最适氮源为NH4NO3.  相似文献   

Hordenine is responsible for plant defense response through jasmonate-dependent defense pathway     

《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2016

Organic agriculture does not rely on synthetic chemical fungicides. An alternative pest management strategy to chemical fungicides is the use of bioactive natural compounds. Hordenine [4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)] is a phenethylamine alkaloid found in barley. Although hordenine has various pharmacological effects, including antibiotic activity against microorganisms, no studies have been carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of hordenine on phytopathogenic fungal infection in host plants. Both grape downy mildew and strawberry anthracnose were suppressed by hordenine treatment. Hordenine had no effect on mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi, whereas plant defense response through the jasmonate-dependent defense pathway was enhanced in hordenine-treated plants. The concern over environmental pollution has led to the introduction of new pesticides, including bioactive natural compound based pesticide. Hordenine may be used in organic agriculture as an innovative elicitor of plant defense response to downy mildew and anthracnose.  相似文献   

菜豆（油豆角）苗期抗炭疽病防御酶活性及HRGP含量表达分析     

曾棱男  肖子恒  李成雁  张婷  胡国富 《中国蔬菜》2012,1(12):47-51

以感病菜豆（油豆角）品种老来少和高抗品种大油豆为试材,在菜豆炭疽病菌侵染不同时间（0、3、6、9、12 d）内测定两者叶片中5种防御酶（几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、SOD、POD和LOX）活性及富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白（HRGP）含量并进行比较。结果表明：接种后抗病品种的防御酶活性和HRGP含量均有不同程度的变化,酶活性提高幅度较大的时期因酶种类而异,但都早于感病品种|感病品种防御酶活性升高较慢且较抗病品种滞后。与感病品种相比,抗病品种POD活性变化幅度最大,而HRGP含量变化幅度最小。β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性测定结果表明,抗病品种接种前酶活性高于感病品种,接种后感病和抗病品种酶活性变化趋势相同。  相似文献   

云南栽培滇龙胆炭疽病病原鉴定     

赵振玲  金航  张金渝  张智慧  杨美权  杨维泽 《西南农业学报》2009,22(6)

对栽培滇龙胆炭疽病的病害症状、病菌形态、病菌培养性状、致病性等进行研究.结果表明,不同症状的2种滇龙胆炭疽病分别由胶孢炭疽菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides( Penz.)Sacc.] 的2个种(分化型)侵染所致,2种胶孢炭疽菌的菌落形态、分生孢子及附着孢形状等方面有差异,且有性阶段的子囊、子囊孢子也有一定差异.病菌有性阶段为小丛壳菌属(Glomerella Spaulding et Schrenk).  相似文献