Insect (black soldier fly larvae) oil as a potential substitute for fish or soy oil in the fish meal-based diet of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1360-1370

Alternative sources of fish oil (FO) are one of the major problems in aquaculture; therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine insect (black soldier fly larvae) oil (BSLO) as a potential replacer of fish/soy oil in juvenile rainbow trout (initial average weight of 32 ± 0.15 g) feed. Four diets were formulated wherein FO (control diet) was completely replaced with either soybean oil (SO) or BSLO, and an additional BSLO-based diet supplemented with 1.5% bile acid (BSLO + BA) were fed to the fish for 10 weeks. Growth performance of the BSLO fed group was similar (P > 0.05) to that of the FO and SO fed groups, however, the fish fed BSLO + BA diet registered the lowest growth (P < 0.05). Oil sources did not (P > 0.05) affect the major nutrient content of whole-body, however, the fatty acid composition of the muscle and liver was influenced (P < 0.05), with the highest 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated fatty acid detected in BSLO or BSLO + BA fed trout compared to the others (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) or total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in muscle among the groups, whereas, the highest EPA:DHA and n-3:n-6 ratios were detected in the FO group. Gene expression for fatty acid binding protein (fabp), fatty acid synthase (fas), and Δ5 desaturase in the liver was lower in FO (P < 0.05), while BSLO + BA registered the highest Δ6 expression (P = 0.006). Supplementation of BA in the BSLO diet increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BSLO could serve as a substitute for FO and SO in rainbow trout diet without negatively impacting growth performance, whole-body composition and nutrient retention, and modulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes in rainbow trout.  相似文献   

外源镉胁迫对姬松茸菌丝生长及其酶活性的影响     

李波  刘朋虎  江枝和  王义祥  翁伯琦 《热带作物学报》2016,37(3):456-460

以外源添加胁迫的形式,探讨镉对不同姬松茸菌株菌丝生长与菌丝抗氧化系统的影响,以及镉对姬松茸菌丝的毒害作用及姬松茸对镉的耐受程度与相关反应。结果表明:随着外源镉浓度的增加,2种姬松茸菌株(J85和J77)菌丝平均生长速度均呈上升-下降-再上升-再下降的变化趋势,J85与J77菌丝平均生长速度达到最大值时的镉浓度分别为1.5 mg/L和2 mg/L,相比较而言,J77菌丝对镉的耐受性比J85菌丝高。2种菌株的超氧化物歧酶(superoxide,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbic acid peroxidase,APX)酶活性及丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量变化均随着镉浓度的增加而呈现先上升后下降的趋势,镉浓度上升对J85菌丝酶活性影响比J77菌丝要强烈,根据菌丝中MDA的含量测定值变化动态分析表明,在相同镉浓度处理下,J85菌丝细胞受破坏程度比J77菌丝更为严重。  相似文献   

Ameliorative effects of inoculation with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. DW1 on growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seedlings under salt stress     

Qinglin Fu  Chen Liu  Nengfei Ding  Yicheng Lin  Bin Guo 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(12):1994-2000

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. DW1 on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) growth, mineral uptake and activities of the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of plant leaves under salinity stress. The study was conducted in pot experiments using eggplant (S. melongena L., cv. Yinjia) and a coastal soil. The NaCl concentration of the coastal soil was 0.57 g (kg soil)⁻¹. Four NaCl levels were tested: 0.57, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g NaCl (kg soil)⁻¹, by adding NaCl to soil, respectively. Pseudomonas-inoculated seeds had an increase in the germination percentage over its non-inoculated seeds under salinity. Salinity negatively affected growth of eggplant; however, plants inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. DW1 grew to a significantly greater extent than plants that were not treated with this bacterium. Salinity significantly decreased K⁺ concentration, increased Na⁺ concentration, and did not significantly decrease Ca²⁺ content in shoots of eggplants. Inoculating with Pseudomonas sp. DW1 increased shoot Ca²⁺ of eggplant compared to the non-inoculating eggplant plants under salinity. Inoculating treatments with Pseudomonas sp. DW1 had no effect on shoot Na⁺ concentration in 0.57 and 1 g (kg soil)⁻¹ NaCl, but there were significant decreases in inoculated treatments than in non-inoculated ones at 2 and 3 g (kg soil)⁻¹ NaCl. Salinity decreased SOD activities and increased POD activities, and inoculated Pseudomonas sp. DW1 had an increase effect on SOD activity in the leaves of eggplants. Alteration of mineral uptake and increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities may be two mechanisms for the alleviation of salt stress. Based on the results of the experiment reported herein, the use of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium treatment may provide a means of facilitating plant growth under salt stress.  相似文献   

卵形鲳鲹配合饲料中酶解鱼浆蛋白和陆生复合蛋白替代鱼粉的研究          下载免费PDF全文

黎恒基  徐超  苏泽亮  张关荣  麻永财  郑钧  安文强  陈宇航  李远友 《渔业科学进展》2022,43(5):205-216

为了评估卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)配合饲料中酶解鱼浆蛋白和陆生复合蛋白替代鱼粉的可行性,本研究设计了4种等蛋(42%)等脂(12%)配合饲料(D1~D4),其中,D1(对照组)含30%鱼粉,D2~D4(处理组)都含14%陆生复合蛋白且还分别含有16%、11%、6%鱼粉和0、5%、10%酶解鱼浆蛋白;各处理组都补充蛋氨酸和赖氨酸。将360尾初始体重为(7.28±0.10) g的卵形鲳鲹幼鱼随机分配到12个海上网箱中,每个网箱30尾鱼,每种饲料设3个网箱。将鱼以上述4种饲料饲养62 d后,测定其生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标、肠道消化酶活性与组织抗氧化指标。结果显示,各实验组鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、饲料系数(FC)、胃蛋白酶(PEP)、脂肪酶(LPS)和淀粉酶(AMS)活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。D3和D4组全鱼粗蛋白含量显著高于D1和D2组,D4组鱼肌肉脂肪含量显著低于D1~D3组(P<0.05);D2~D4组鱼血清谷草转氨酶(AST)及D2和D3组鱼谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性都显著低于D1组(P<0.05),D1和D4组血清总蛋白(TP)和球蛋白(GLO)水平显著高于D2和D3组(P<0.05);D2~D4组肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于D1组(P<0.05),且肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量低于D1组(P<0.05)。研究表明,含6%鱼粉的D4组鱼的生长性能与30%鱼粉D1组无差异,且全鱼蛋白含量及肝脏和肌肉抗氧化能力显著提高,说明14%陆生复合蛋白配合10%酶解鱼浆蛋白可有效替代卵形鲳鲹饲料中80%鱼粉,使饲料鱼粉使用量低至6%。本研究是首次探讨酶解鱼浆蛋白在卵形鲳鲹配合饲料中应用的可行性,结果可为研发高效低成本配合饲料提供参考依据。  相似文献   

大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响          下载免费PDF全文

敬庭森  周明瑞  李哲  李玉林  孙文波  梁钧畑  王新靓  叶华  成廷水  罗辉 《渔业科学进展》2021,42(5):149-157

为研究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长性能、体成分、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响,以30%鱼粉组为对照组(A0),大豆小肽蛋白分别替代17%、33%和50%的鱼粉作为实验组(A17、A33和A50),配制4种等氮配合饲料。每组设置4个重复,每个重复饲喂30尾平均体重为(3.7±0.6) g的黄颡鱼幼鱼,进行为期80 d的饲养实验。结果显示,A17组生长性能与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),A33组除增重率(WGR)显著高于对照组外(P<0.05),其余指标均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。A50组饵料系数(FCR)显著高于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05),增重率、特定生长率(SGR)及蛋白质效率(PER)显著低于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05)。各实验组肥满度(CF)和脏体比(VSI)与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼全鱼水分、灰分和粗蛋白含量无显著影响(P<0.05);然而,当大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉水平从33%升高至50%时,鱼体粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。各实验组肠脂肪酶和肠淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),A33和A50组胃淀粉酶显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)活性无影响。综上所述,黄颡鱼配合饲料中鱼粉替代量小于33%时,黄颡鱼生长性能最佳,且对鱼体肝脏抗氧化功能无不利影响。本研究首次探究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼生长等的影响,以期为黄颡鱼饲料配制和大豆小肽蛋白的使用等提供参考。  相似文献   

海拔对藜麦苗期生理指标的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘文瑜  李健荣  黄杰  魏玉明  杨发荣 《甘肃农业科技》2018,(9):17-21

选择甘肃省不同海拔地区,以国内首个藜麦品种陇藜1号为材料,测定不同海拔对藜麦苗期叶片生理指标的影响。结果表明,随海拔的升高,藜麦叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量先升高后下降;MDA含量和O_2~-产生速率升高后下降再升高,在海拔最高(2 130 m)处达到最大值;SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性先升高后下降。说明随海拔的升高,藜麦叶片通过积累渗透调节物质和提高抗氧化酶活性,以清除多余的活性氧物质,维持细胞渗透势平衡,缓解环境变化对其生长造成的伤害。  相似文献   

紫花苜蓿叶总黄酮提取及抗氧化性     

许英一  王宇  杨伟光 《草地学报》2018,26(3):757-763

研究紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）叶总黄酮的最优提取工艺及体外抗氧化能力。在单因素试验的基础上设计正交试验,通过方差分析和多重比较确定最优提取工艺。以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）清除率测定法及还原力测定法评价苜蓿黄酮类化合物体外抗氧化活性。最佳提取工艺条件是：乙醇体积分数70%、提取温度60℃、提取时间30 min、超声功率180 w,总黄酮得率为6.43 mg·g^-1。苜蓿叶总黄酮在一定的质量浓度范围具有较明显的抗氧化活性,并随着质量浓度的增加活性增强。苜蓿叶总黄酮具有较强的还原力,清除DPPH自由基的半数抑制质量浓度（IC₅₀值）为0.608 mg·mL^-1。超声提取是一种高效的提取紫花苜蓿叶总黄酮方法。超声优化的苜蓿叶总黄酮提取工艺经济、稳定、合理可行。  相似文献   

不同灌水模式对小麦籽粒抗氧化物含量和产量的影响     

王强  刘卫星  岳鹏莉  李莎莎  卫琼茹  郑沙沙  褚莹莹  王晨阳 《麦类作物学报》2016,36(8):1037-1042

为明确灌水对小麦产量和营养品质的调控效应,在池栽条件下,以河南主推品种矮抗58为材料,研究了不同灌水模式对籽粒中抗氧化物含量、积累量和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,小麦生育期间灌水可提高籽粒中抗氧化物含量和积累量,其中类胡萝卜素、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性均以灌拔节水1水处理最高;类黄酮和类胡萝卜素积累量则以灌拔节水+孕穗水+灌浆水3水处理最高。灌水显著提高了小麦产量,较不灌水处理平均提高37.5%(2012-2013年)和37.2%(2013-2014年),差异达显著水平。相关分析表明,籽粒类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量与土壤的硝态氮含量呈显著正相关,而与土壤含水量相关不显著,表明较高土壤氮素含量有助于提高小麦籽粒中类胡萝卜素、类黄酮含量,促进抗氧化物积累。  相似文献   

香蕉茎秆单宁酸提取纯化及其抗氧化性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐树英  谭蔚  张玉苍 《热带作物学报》2016,37(8):1567-1574

以香蕉茎秆为原料,采用溶剂提取法进行单宁酸提取,在单因素试验设计的基础上,通过正交试验优化香蕉茎秆单宁酸提取工艺,采用大孔树脂吸附技术对粗提物进行分离纯化。纯化物采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)测定其官能团,通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定纯化物的分子量及分子量分布。通过测定其清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的能力,考察香蕉茎秆单宁酸的抗氧化性。结果表明:香蕉茎秆单宁酸最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度50%,提取时间90 min,料液比1∶11,提取温度50℃,在此条件下单宁酸提取量为17.9 mg/g。纯化工艺为:5 mg/m L上样,流速为1.5 m L/min过AB-8型大孔树脂柱,最后用60%乙醇洗脱。FTIR结果表明,该纯化物为多羟基酚酯类化合物;GPC结果显示香蕉茎秆单宁酸分子质量在3.43×10~4~4.43×10~4之间。经过DPPH法测出样品浓度达到0.6 mg/m L时,其DPPH自由基清除率为86.59%。  相似文献   

苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗化活性研究     

朱科学  朱红英  贺书珍  张彦军  谭乐和  马帅 《热带作物学报》2016,37(10):2014-2019

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征(包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析)和体外抗氧化活性(清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力)研究.结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系.  相似文献