茉莉酸甲酯和磷酸氢二钾诱导柱花草对炭疽病的抗性     

伍康荣  刘凤民  张伟丽  陈梓健  许戴奇  黎志辉  罗喜梅  林国森 《草业科学》2015,(7):1124-1129

探究茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl Jasmonate,MeJA)和磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)诱导柱花草对炭疽病的抵抗作用。结果表明,二者浓度分别为0.001~0.1mg·mL-1和10~50mmol·L-1时,病情指数均显著降低(P0.05),最佳诱导浓度分别是0.001mg·mL-1和30mmol·L-1,诱导效果分别是64.84%和54.40%。0.001mg·mL-1MeJA处理组的过氧化物酶(POD)及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性在48h达到最大值,显著高于对照组。30mmol·L-1 K2HPO4处理组的POD与PPO活性分别在48和24h达到最大值,显著高于对照组。两种诱抗剂处理的POD和PPO活性在接种早期增加了柱花草对炭疽菌的侵染的抵御能力,进而提高植株的抗病性。30mmol·L-1 K2HPO4处理组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在48~72h内上升,显著高于对照组,而0.001mg·mL-1 MeJA处理组的CAT活性除72h显著低于对照组,其他时间点与对照组相差不大。说明在诱导柱花草抗病性方面,两种诱导抗性剂处理的诱抗效果与POD、PPO和CAT的酶活性的诱导的时间及程度有关。  相似文献   

芒果炭疽病菌环境pH信号调控基因PalF的克隆与分析     

贾静  蒲金基  张贺  漆艳香  谢艺贤 《热带作物学报》2014,35(4):753-757

通过本地查找胶孢炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)橡胶菌株全基因组测序数据,获得PalF基因的序列信息。利用同源克隆的方法扩增胶孢炭疽病菌芒果菌株PalF基因,获得片段大小为2 369 bp的目的基因片段。对该基因序列进行分析发现,该片段含有完整的开放式阅读框,与橡胶炭疽菌PalF基因的序列同源性达100%。用RT-PCR的方法获得PalF基因的cDNA序列,序列进行分析发现该基因全长为2 310 bp,其中含有1个大小为59 bp的内含子,推测编码769个氨基酸。对PalF基因的氨基酸序列进行推测保守结构域分析可知PalF蛋白中含有Arrestin-C保守结构域,推测该基因参与环境pH感应信号转导途径(Ambient pH-sensing signal transduetion pathway)的调控,为进一步研究该基因在环境pH感应信号转导途径中的作用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

GST-MtDef4融合蛋白的原核表达及体外抑菌活性的检测     

景晓辉  吴伦英  沈雁  赵辉  吴琳 《热带作物学报》2014,35(4):718-723

为研究苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)防卫素基因MtDef4的抑菌功能,以含有该基因片段的质粒pAND-MtDef4为模板,扩增出相应的目的基因,测序正确后将MtDef4基因片段连接到带有GST标签的原核表达载体pGEX6P-1中,转化大肠杆菌TransB(DE3),经IPTG诱导,Glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和纯化,通过SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot确定融合蛋白的表达。体外抑菌试验表明,MtDef4能够抑制病原真菌Corynespora cassiicola而非Collectotrichum gloeosporioides的生长。本研究结果可为进一步培育转基因橡胶抗病品种奠定基础。  相似文献   

墨兰品种健叶与感染胶孢炭疽菌病叶的表面结构及氨基酸含量比较     

姚锦爱  余德亿  黄鹏 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,42(12):63-70

【目的】明确墨兰品种健叶与感染胶孢炭疽菌病叶的叶片表面结构及氨基酸含量的变化,为墨兰品种抗病性利用提供理论依据。【方法】以中感墨兰品种太平洋为样本,利用扫描电镜观察感染胶孢炭疽菌墨兰叶片表面超微结构的变化;以不同感病水平墨兰品种金华山(低感品种)、太平洋(中感品种)和万代福(高感品种)为样本,利用氨基酸自动分析仪检测感病墨兰叶片除色氨酸外其余17种氨基酸含量的变化。【结果】中感墨兰品种太平洋感染胶孢炭疽菌后,叶片表面超微结构发生明显改变,蜡质层破裂,表皮细胞受损,气孔功能渐失,严重影响叶片功能与整体观感。3种不同感病水平的墨兰品种感染胶孢炭疽菌后,氨基酸种类未发生改变,但总氨基酸含量均明显提高,其中以低感墨兰品种金华山提高最多,高感墨兰品种万代福提高最少,3个品种间差异显著;各种氨基酸在不同感病水平墨兰品种间的变化量差异显著,甲硫氨酸(Met)在高感墨兰品种中变化量最大,胱氨酸(Cys)在中感墨兰品种中变化量最大,天门冬氨酸(Asp)、组氨酸(His)和赖氨酸(Lys)在高感与低感墨兰品种中变化量较大,甘氨酸(Gly)和苏氨酸(Thr)在中感与低感墨兰品种中变化量较大,其他10种氨基酸则均在低感墨兰品种中变化量最大;丙氨酸(Ala)、谷氨酸(Glu)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、缬草氨酸(Val)、丝氨酸(Ser)、精氨酸(Arg)和苏氨酸(Thr)7种氨基酸是影响墨兰品种感病强弱的主要氨基酸种类。【结论】胶孢炭疽菌侵染影响墨兰品种叶片表面结构和氨基酸含量,营养物质变化量与墨兰品种感病水平高低有关。  相似文献   

Development of the infection strategy of the hemibiotrophic plant pathogen,Colletotrichum orbiculare,and plant immunity     

《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2016

The hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare forms appressoria as infection structures and primarily establishes biotrophic infection in cucumber epidermal cells. Subsequently, it develops necrotrophic infection. In the pre-invasion stage, morphogenesis of appressoria of C. orbiculare is triggered by signals from the plant surface. We found that C. orbiculare PAG1 (Perish-in-the-Absence-of-GYP1), a component of MOR [morphogenesis-related NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) kinase network] plays an essential role as a key component of the plant-specific signaling pathway and that hydrolysis of cutin by a spore surface esterase creates a cutin monomer that constitutes a key plant-derived signal. Development of the infection structure of C. orbiculare is strictly regulated by the cell cycle and we found that proper regulation of G1/S progression via two-component GAP genes, consisting of BUB2 (Budding-Uninhibited-by-Benomyl-2) and BFA1 (Byr-Four-Alike-1) is essential for the establishment of successful infection. In the post-invasion stage, the establishment of the biotrophic phase of hemibiotrophic fungi is crucial for successful infection. We found that C. orbiculare WHI2 (WHIsky-2), an Saccharomyces cerevisiae stress regulator homolog, is involved in the phase transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy through TOR (Target of Rapamycin) signaling, and is thus essential for full pathogenesis.  相似文献   

热处理对2种潜伏炭疽菌生长和致病性的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘秀娟  黄圣明  黄智辉 《植物病理学报》1999,29(1):92-96

 通过测定热处理对潜伏侵染于芒果果实中的胶胞炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.)和香蕉果实中的芭蕉炭疽菌[C.musae(Berk.& Curt.)Arx.]离体培养菌的生长、繁殖和致病性的影响,结果表明:当温度达55℃和60℃,时间20 min时,对菌体的生长和孢子萌发可起明显抑制或杀伤作用,并降低其致病性。2种炭疽菌中,芭蕉炭疽菌比胶胞炭疽菌对热更敏感。作者认为,果实采后热处理时,应根据果实种类和不同菌,采用不同的处理温度和时间,才能得到更好的效果。  相似文献   

Breeding for resistance to coffee berry disease in Coffea arabica L. II. Inheritance of the resistance     

H. A. M. Van Der Vossen  D. J. Walyaro 《Euphytica》1980,29(3):777-791

Summary The inheritance of resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) has been studied by applying a preselection test to F₂ progenies of a half diallel cross between 11 coffee varieties with different degrees of resistance and to sets of parental, F₁, F₂, B₁₁ and B₁₂ generations of crosses between resistant and susceptible varieties. True resistance to CBD appears to be controlled by major genes on three different loci. The highly resistant variety Rume Sudan carries the dominant R- and the recessive K-genes. The non-allelic interaction between these two genes is of a duplicate nature. The R-locus has multiple alleles with R ₁R₁alleles present in Rume Sudan and the somewhat less effective R ₂R₂alleles in a variety like Pretoria, which also has the K-gene. The moderately resistant variety K7 carries only the recessive K-gene. The arabica-like variety Hibrido de Timor (a natural interspecific arabica x robusta hybrid) carries one gene for CBD resistance on the T-locus with intermediate gene action. It probably inherited this gene from its robusta parent. There is circumstantial evidence that the resistance to CBD is of a stable nature, but it is advisable to accumulate in one genotype as many resistance genes as possible by combining in the breeding programme the resistance of Rume Sudan with that of Hibrido de Timor.  相似文献   

AFLP analysis of genetic variability among Stylosanthes guianensis accessions resistant and susceptible to the stylo anthracnose   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C.-S. Jiang    X.-R. Ma    D.-M. Zhou    Y.-Z. Zhang 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(6):595-598

Stylosanthes guianensis, belonging to the genus Stylosanthes, is one of the most important tropical forage legumes and is native to South and Central America and Africa. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., is a major constraint to the extensive use of Stylosanthes as tropical forage. Forty‐two accessions of S. guianensis were assessed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) for genetic diversity and for resistance to anthracnose. In AFLP analysis, four selective primer combinations screened from 96 primer combinations were used to analyse these accessions, and a total of 225 clear bands were used for genetic similarity (GS) analysis, showing a 95.5% level of polymorphism on average. GS from 31.0% to 95.0% among the accessions was calculated with ntsys ‐pc software. The dendrogram was constructed with unweighted pair group method of averages (UPGMA) based on the AFLP data, and five clusters were defined at 48% GS. Two typical strains of C. gloeosporioides from Stylosanthes in China were used for anthracnose resistance screening. Most of the plant accessions showed variation in the reaction to two strains, and the correlation of resistance had a value of 0.904 (P < 0.01), suggesting common resistance to the two strains. The resistance accessions were randomly distributed in different groups of UPGMA clustering. These results demonstrate that AFLP analysis is an efficient method for evaluating the genetic diversity among S. guianensis accessions.  相似文献   

Use of molecular markers to accelerate the breeding of common bean lines resistant to rust and anthracnose     

Fábio G. Faleiro  V.A. Ragagnin  M.A. Moreira  E.G. de Barros 《Euphytica》2004,138(3):213-218

The main goal of this work was to introduce resistance genes for rust, caused by Uromyces appendiculatus, and anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, in an adapted common bean cultivar through marker-assisted backcrossing. DNA fingerprinting was used to select plants genetically closer to the recurrent parent which were also resistant to rust and to race 89 of C. lindemuthianum. DNA samples extracted from the resistant parent (cv. Ouro Negro), the recurrent parent (cv. Rudá), and from BC₁, BC₂ and BC₃ resistant plants were amplified by the RAPD technique. The relative genetic distances in relation to the recurrent parent varied between 9 and 59% for BC₁, 7 and 33% for BC₂, and 0 and 7% for BC₃ resistant plants. After only three backcrosses, five lines resistant to rust and anthracnose with, approximately, 0% genetic distance in relation to the recurrent parent were obtained. These lines underwent field yield tests in two consecutive growing seasons and three of them presented a good yield performance, surpassing in that sense their parents and most of the reference cultivars tested.  相似文献   

田七炭疽病的病原及其生物学特性的研究     

韦继光  陈育新  吴景华 《广西农业生物科学》1989,(1)

炭疽病是靖西县田七〔Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen〕的主要病害,其病原有以C_1、C_2、C_3和C_4菌株为代表的四种形态型。经鉴定,C_1和C_2菌株为Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.,C_3和C_4为C.dematium(Pers.ex Fr.)Grove。过去认为靖西田七幼苗猝倒病是由丝核菌Rhizoctonia sp.引起的,经研究证实,其病原是C.gloeosporioides引起的一种幼苗炭疽病。 C_1菌株是田七炭疽病的优势菌株,其生长温度范围4～32℃,最适温度为15～28℃;水滴或水膜是分生孢子形成和萌发的主要条件。C_1菌株在PDA培养基上有产孢型与不产孢型之分,但用“植物组织+PDA”培养不产孢型,可在植物组织上诱发产孢成功,其中以茄科和豆科的一些植物组织上产孢量较大。  相似文献