微贮对秸秆在瘤胃NDF降解率的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李飞  王新燕  李胜利 《中国牛业科学》2001,27(6):20-22

试验采用3个重复对比设计，将玉米，小麦和稻草秸秆的微贮样与原样放置在永久瘘管牛体内，分别在6．12、24．36、48和72小时时间点取出样本进行NDF降解率试验测定分析，结果：秸秆处理样NDF在各个时间点的NDF瞬间降解率和有效降解率均极显著优于原样（P＞0．01）而玉米秸秆处理样与小麦和稻草处理样相比差异不显著（P＞0．05）。  相似文献   

Mineralization of hydroxylated isoproturon metabolites produced by fungi     

Stig Rønhede  Sebastian R. Sørensen  Jens Aamand 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(7):1751-1758

When exposed to the herbicide isoproturon, some soil fungi in pure culture metabolize the substance to hydroxylated metabolites. Hydroxylated metabolites of isoproturon have also been detected in soil studies. In an agricultural soil not previously exposed to isoproturon we found that the hydroxylated isoproturon metabolite N-(4-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)-N′,N′-dimethylurea mineralized faster than both isoproturon and its N-demethylated metabolite N-(4-isopropylphenyl)-N′-methylurea (MDIPU), thus indicating that mineralization of isoproturon is stimulated by fungal hydroxylation in this soil. In soils previously treated with isoproturon, in contrast, isoproturon and both its hydroxylated and demethylated metabolites mineralized at almost the same rate with up to 52% of the ¹⁴C-ring-carbon being degraded to ¹⁴CO₂ within 63 days. Thus hydroxylated metabolites of isoproturon do not seem to be more persistent than isoproturon, and hence may degrade before they can leach from topsoil and contaminate the aquatic environment. While an isoproturon-mineralizing bacterium Sphingomonas sp. SRS2 and a MDIPU-mineralizing mixed bacterial culture were able to deplete the medium of hydroxylated metabolites, little or no mineralization took place. This indicates that other bacteria must be present in the soil that are able to benefit from isoproturon being made available to mineralization by fungal hydroxylation.  相似文献   

甲基对硫磷降解菌的生态效应及应用   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

李顺鹏  沈标  魏社林  季玉玲  丁宪根  金存虎 《土壤学报》1996,33(4):380-384

从活性污泥中分离的甲基对硫磷降解菌接种于含有甲基对硫磷的土壤中，表现了较强的降解农药残留的生态效应。在盆栽试验中，处理的各叶片变黄程度比对照均要轻，统计差异显著，稻米与稻壳中甲基对硫磷处理比对照下降了８２．２－１００％。田间试验中，农药加菌，农药加有机肥加菌的处理，其稻米中的甲基对硫磷残留均检测不到，而对照（只施农药不加菌），稻米中的甲基对硫磷含量为０．０６５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，超过国家标准（０．０５ｍｇ  相似文献   

双台子河口“红海滩”退化初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

朱浩峥  侯万发  李忠波  朱清海 《土壤通报》2006,37(6):1191-1194

采用海水监测、翅碱蓬野外调查和盆栽试验方法,研究了双台子河口“红海滩”翅碱蓬群落退化原因,特别是翅碱蓬退化死亡与土壤盐分的关系。结果表明:翅碱蓬生长适宜的土壤盐分含量在10g kg-1~16g kg-1之间,初步认为由于滩涂土壤盐分升高产生盐害是引起双台子河口“红海滩”翅碱蓬群落退化死亡的主要原因。  相似文献   

农产品农药残留的标准、检测和降解技术的研究进展     

杨柳  王贵禧  樊金拴 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(12)

概述了农产品中的农药残留标准现状、农药残留分析方法及存在问题和国内外降解农药残留研 究的主要成果,介绍了当前国内外在农药残留分析中应用的固相萃取、微波辅助萃取及固相微萃取等样 品前处理技术,以及在农药残留的降解脱除中应用的超声波清洗和电离辐射等物理方法、臭氧氧化技术 和光降解等化学方法、细茵和真菌等微生物降解方法等,并针对我国的实际情况提出了今后农药残留研 究的重点和方向。  相似文献   

短季棉子叶荧光动力学及SOD酶活性的研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

喻树迅  储钟稀 《中国农业科学》1993,26(3):14-20

 短季棉早熟不早衰类型品种中棉16的可变荧光（Fv）、第二波（S-M）持续时间长，比早衰型晚5天消失，说明其光合磷酸化，CO#-2同化能力和PSⅡ、PSⅠ间电子传递能力强。同时叶绿素降解速度缓慢。SOD酶前期活性高，后期下降快，使之既早熟又不早衰。早熟早衰型品种中棉10的Fv、S-M最先消失，叶绿素降解速度快，SOD酶活性在整个暗处理过程一直最低，说明清除有害自由基能力差，故早熟又过早衰老。晚熟型辽棉7的荧光动力学过程，叶绿素降解速度以及前期SOD酶活性居中，但其中叶绿素绝对含量在衰老全过程中居首位。后期SOD酶活性高于其他品种，这可能与延缓衰老及晚熟有关。  相似文献   

纤维素降解菌的筛选及相互作用分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

卢月霞  陈凯 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(1):11-11,17

从长期富含枯枝落叶的土壤、造纸厂排污口污泥中筛选出能较好降解纤维素的3种菌株绿色木霉、青霉和曲霉,3种菌株分别进行单独和混合发酵培养,对纤维素的降解效果进行比较研究,结果表明,优良菌株的混合培养可明显提高纤维素的降解效率.  相似文献   

多菌灵降解菌株的分离以及降解条件研究     

高玉爽  田连生 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(33):10582-10584

[目的]研究菌株降解多菌灵的条件。[方法]用富集培养法,分离出1株降解多菌灵的细菌,对其降解效能及特性进行研究。[结果]该菌株为假单胞菌属,5 d内对100 mg/L多菌灵的降解率为61%,能够以多菌灵为碳源进行生长。25~35℃内菌株对多菌灵的降解较好。菌株对多菌灵的降解在pH值5.0~8.0内相差不大。随着接种量的增大降解率增加,接种量为10%时最大。随着碳源、氮源的加入降解率增加,碳源加葡萄糖降解率最大为86%,氮源加0.5%蛋白胨降解率最大,5 d后对多菌灵的降解率达90%。多菌灵浓度较低时,菌体的生长量随培养时间的延长而增加;多菌灵浓度较高时,菌体的生长表现出先缓慢增加后减小的趋势。[结论]pH值7.0、培养温度30℃、接种量10%、0.5%蛋白胨碳源为该菌株降解多菌灵的最佳条件。  相似文献   

土地退化经济学分析与防治对策     

李贵春  尹昌斌  邱建军 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(1)

中国土地退化普遍存在,全国退化土壤总面积为4.65亿hm2,占国土面积的48.44%,局部地区退化严重,中度以上(含中度)退化土壤面积1.58亿hm2,占34%。笔者从经济学的角度剖析土地退化的深层原因。发现私人利益、集团利益与国家利益不一致时,受集团势力的影响,政策难以发挥作用,导致土地过度使用;外部不经济性难以实现内部化,导致土地破坏严重;地权“四权”分离导致土地护理不力、滥占严重。针对土地退化的原因,提出行政干预、完善法律、经济手段以及工程技术等防治措施,共同防治土地退化,可较好达到防治的预期目的。  相似文献   

Comparison of traditional and improved methods for estimating the stability of organic growing media     

I. Domeño  I. IrigoyenJ. Muro 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Organic growing media employed in hydroponic crops could change their characteristics due to organic matter degradation during culture growing season. Traditional methods for measuring the stability of growing media (Biochemical Stability Index, Lemaire) do not take into account the activity of crop roots, nutrients in the growing media or microorganism presence. Three experiments were performed to determine the stability of six organic substrates. Stability was measured as the percentage of organic matter remaining in substrates. In experiment one (short duration and small scale without plant) 500 ml samples were incubated for 180 days following original methodology proposed by Lemaire (L) and with three modifications: (1) Inoculation with compost (I), (2) watered with nutrient solution (NS), and (3) both combined (I + NS). In experiment two (Long duration, medium scale) 10 l samples were incubated with and without a lolium crop for 720 days in a greenhouse. In experiment 3 stability of each substrate was real measured in 20 l hydroponic bags after use in four cycles of tomato production in a commercial greenhouse (2 years). All incubations were triplicated. Physicochemical properties of substrates were measured. Correlations between stability estimated in experiment one and two and real determinations in experiment three were analyzed. Lemaire methodology modified by adding and inoculum an nutrients (I + NS) was the best method to estimate the stability of organic growing media measured in real conditions in experiment 3. This new method greatly improves the estimation performed with original Lemaire methodology. Long term incubations with lolium also reproduce well the real stability of growing media but this methodology is not feasible because it requires four times longer and the amount of substrate required is 20 times larger for each sample.  相似文献