铝对小麦根细胞质膜ATP酶活性和膜脂组成的影响   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

何龙飞  刘友良  沈振国  王爱勤 《中国农业科学》2001,34(5):526-531

 铝胁迫下 ,耐铝性不同的两个小麦品种 ( Altas66,耐铝 ;Scout66,铝敏感 )根细胞质膜 H+ - ATP酶或 Ca2 + -ATP酶活性变化趋势相似。 2 0 μmol/ L 和 10 0 μmol/ L 铝处理 5 d,质膜 Ca2 + - ATP酶活性明显下降 ;H+ - ATP酶活性在 2 0 μmol/ L 铝处理时上升 ,10 0 μmol/ L 铝时下降。质膜磷脂含量下降 ,糖脂含量上升 ,但铝敏感的 Scout66磷脂 /糖脂比值下降较耐铝的 Altas66显著。 2 0和 10 0 μm ol/ L 铝处理后 ,Scout66的亚麻酸含量和脂肪酸不饱和指数明显下降 ,Altas66的脂肪酸不饱和指数则稍有上升  相似文献   

密度、氮素对优质弱筋小麦宁麦9号旗叶早衰的调控效应   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李春燕  封超年张容 张影郭文善  朱新开彭永欣 《麦类作物学报》2005,25(5):60-64

为探讨弱筋小麦植株早衰生理机制及其调控途径,研究了密度及氮素与宁麦9号旗叶早衰的关系。结果表明,密度为240万/hm2、施氮量240 kg/hm2、基肥与追肥比例为7∶3的处理较其他处理能适当延缓旗叶中叶绿素的降解,叶片中保持较高水平的保护酶活性,细胞膜脂过氧化产物M DA含量低,同时增加了叶片内源激素ZR、iPA含量,减少了ABA的累积量,较好地协调了内源激素的平衡,在很大程度上延缓了旗叶的早衰,有利于产量与品质协调发展。  相似文献   

两个不同类型彩色棉品种纤维发育的生理特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张祥  刘晓飞  吕春花  董召娣  陈源  陈德华 《作物学报》2011,37(3):489-495

选择天然棕色棉品种湘彩棉2号和绿色棉品种皖棉39,研究其纤维发育相关生理特征。结果表明,与常规白色陆地棉苏棉9号(对照)相比,湘彩棉2号和皖棉39纤维中纤维素含量较低,并且纤维中纤维素积累随花后天数增加的S型曲线符合Richards方程,拟合系数达0.999以上,其纤维素积累最大值、累积速率参数、最大增长速率明显低于对照普通白棉,且绿色棉又低于棕色棉。天然彩色棉叶片中SPAD值、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖转化酶活性,铃壳和纤维中腺苷三磷酸(ATP)酶活性、蔗糖合酶(SS)活性和尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖(UDPG)焦磷酸化酶活性低于普通白棉,导致彩色棉纤维发育过程中无法获得充足的养分,最终影响其纤维品质。这也解释了彩色棉Richards方程模拟纤维素积累速率较慢的结果。相关分析进一步表明,彩色棉开花后40 d纤维中SS活性、UDPG焦磷酸化酶活性和GA₃含量与成熟期纤维成熟度、纤维比强度均呈显著线性正相关关系(r＝0.884^*, r＝0.895^*, r＝0.914^*, r＝0.935^*, r＝0990^*, r＝0.988^*),说明天然彩色棉纤维中代谢物质和关键酶活性低,影响了其最终纤维品质。  相似文献   

果胶降解相关酶与果实成熟软化   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

佟兆国  王飞  高志红  周军  徐秋红  章镇 《果树学报》2011,(2):305-312

果胶降解相关酶广泛存在于植物体的各个部分,目前在果实组织中已发现多种,主要包括内切多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、外切多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲酯酶、果胶裂解酶、B-半乳糖苷酶、α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶和鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸酶,此类酶能使果胶多糖发生降解,进而使细胞间失去黏结作用,胞壁结构瓦解,从而导致果实组织松弛,质地下降.综述了果胶降...  相似文献   

Invertebrate grazing determines enzyme production by basidiomycete fungi     

Thomas W. Crowther  Petr Baldrian 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(10):2060-2068

Extracellular enzymes produced by heterotrophic microorganisms in the soil are responsible for the decomposition of organic compounds. Basidiomycete fungi are the primary decomposer agents in temperate wooded ecosystems and contribute extensively to extracellular enzyme activity and nutrient mineralisation within soils. Growth and development of basidiomycete mycelia is influenced by soil-dwelling invertebrate grazers with potential implications for fungal activity and ecosystem functioning. The impacts of four invertebrate taxa belonging to Isopoda, Myriapoda, Collembola and Nematoda on the production of eight hydrolytic enzymes by four saprotrophic basidiomycetes (Phanerochaete velutina, Resinicium bicolor and two strains of Hypholoma fasciculare) were compared in a factorial microcosm study. Grazing generally increased enzyme production but invertebrates had species-specific impacts on enzyme activity. The magnitude of grazing influenced enzyme activity; macrofauna (woodlice and millipedes) induced the greatest responses. Enzymatic responses varied markedly between fungi. Grazing enhanced enzyme activity in the exploitative mycelial networks of P. velutina and H. fasciculare, while the opposite effects were observed in the explorative R. bicolor networks. The impacts of soil fauna on nutrient mineralisation depend on fungal community composition. β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities were affected most frequently by grazing and invertebrate activity, and thus had direct consequences for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous cycling. The results indicate that invertebrate diversity and community composition may influence the spatial distribution and activity of extracellular enzymes with direct implications for nutrient mineralisation and trunover in woodland soils.  相似文献   

A Laboratory Diagnostic Approach to Hepatobiliary Disease in Small Animals     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2013,43(6):1209-1225

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Strategies to improve fiber utilization in swine     

Brian J Kerr  Gerald C Shurson 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,4(2):112-123

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Effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lep: Pyralidae) and identification of its major derivatives     

Elham Yazdani  Jalal Jalali Sendi  Alireza Aliakbar  Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013

The major constituents of the oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill were estimated as borneoll (8.57%), alpha terpinene (6.22%), linolool (4.91%) geranyl proprionate (3.76%), butanoic acid hexyl ester (2.99%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.72%). LC₁₀, LC₃₀ and LC₅₀ were estimated as 0.31%, 0.705% and 1.24% respectively. The sublethal concentration (LC₃₀) of essential oil affected the nutritional indices of 4th instar larvae of Glyphodes pyloalis. The essential oil reduced total protein, carbohydrate and lipid when compared with the control. All concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of essential oil affected the major macromolecules and activities of key enzyme in G. pyloalis.  相似文献   

Determination of arylsulphatase and phosphatase enzyme activities in soil using screen-printed electrodes modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes     

Patricia W. Stege  Guillermo Bianchi  Julio Raba 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(12):2444-4293

Sustainability of agricultural systems has become an important issue all over the world. The activity of enzymes is potentially an important quality bioindicator in soils. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple and convenient assay to determine the activity of arylsulphatase (AS), acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in agricultural soil. The activities of these enzymes were detected using a non-electroactive substrate, which produces an electroactive product. To this end, p-aminophenyl phosphate (pAPP) was used as a substrate which is converted to p-aminophenol (pAP) after enzymatic dephosphorylation; and 4-nitrocatechol sulphate (4-NCS) was used as a substrate for AS activity based on its catalytic effect on the hydrolysis of 4-NCS into 4-nitrocatechol (4-NC). The products of both enzymatic reactions were quantified on carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), using Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry (OSWV). The determination of the reaction products allowed more sensitive determination of ALP, ACP and AS activities in soil than that obtained with a spectrophotometric method. This assay also diminishes the generation of waste, which is desirable in green analytical chemistry. The optimization of the analytical procedure in terms of the nature of electrode type, applied potential, pH of solution, and precision of measurements is reported.  相似文献   

高等植物蒽醌生物合成途径相关酶及其基因研究进展     

廖海  周嘉裕 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(24):11388-11391

蒽醌是分子内具有不饱和二酮结构（醌式结构）的一种重要次生代谢产物,研究蒽醌的生物合成对于通过基因工程手段提高蒽醌的产量具有重要的指导意义：对近年来高等植物中蒽醌生物合成途径催化各步反应的酶及编码这些酶的基因的研究进展进行了的综述。  相似文献