Effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lep: Pyralidae) and identification of its major derivatives     

Elham Yazdani  Jalal Jalali Sendi  Alireza Aliakbar  Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013

The major constituents of the oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill were estimated as borneoll (8.57%), alpha terpinene (6.22%), linolool (4.91%) geranyl proprionate (3.76%), butanoic acid hexyl ester (2.99%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.72%). LC₁₀, LC₃₀ and LC₅₀ were estimated as 0.31%, 0.705% and 1.24% respectively. The sublethal concentration (LC₃₀) of essential oil affected the nutritional indices of 4th instar larvae of Glyphodes pyloalis. The essential oil reduced total protein, carbohydrate and lipid when compared with the control. All concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of essential oil affected the major macromolecules and activities of key enzyme in G. pyloalis.  相似文献   

Determination of arylsulphatase and phosphatase enzyme activities in soil using screen-printed electrodes modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes     

Patricia W. Stege  Guillermo Bianchi  Julio Raba 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(12):2444-4293

Sustainability of agricultural systems has become an important issue all over the world. The activity of enzymes is potentially an important quality bioindicator in soils. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple and convenient assay to determine the activity of arylsulphatase (AS), acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in agricultural soil. The activities of these enzymes were detected using a non-electroactive substrate, which produces an electroactive product. To this end, p-aminophenyl phosphate (pAPP) was used as a substrate which is converted to p-aminophenol (pAP) after enzymatic dephosphorylation; and 4-nitrocatechol sulphate (4-NCS) was used as a substrate for AS activity based on its catalytic effect on the hydrolysis of 4-NCS into 4-nitrocatechol (4-NC). The products of both enzymatic reactions were quantified on carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), using Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry (OSWV). The determination of the reaction products allowed more sensitive determination of ALP, ACP and AS activities in soil than that obtained with a spectrophotometric method. This assay also diminishes the generation of waste, which is desirable in green analytical chemistry. The optimization of the analytical procedure in terms of the nature of electrode type, applied potential, pH of solution, and precision of measurements is reported.  相似文献   

高等植物蒽醌生物合成途径相关酶及其基因研究进展     

廖海  周嘉裕 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(24):11388-11391

蒽醌是分子内具有不饱和二酮结构（醌式结构）的一种重要次生代谢产物,研究蒽醌的生物合成对于通过基因工程手段提高蒽醌的产量具有重要的指导意义：对近年来高等植物中蒽醌生物合成途径催化各步反应的酶及编码这些酶的基因的研究进展进行了的综述。  相似文献   

城乡有机废弃物农用资源化研究进展   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吴荣  刘善江杜颖 《农学学报》2014,4(6):45-48

笔者综述了城乡有机废弃物农用资源化的优点和潜在风险,旨在为城乡有机废弃物农业利用降低潜在风险。研究表明：城乡生活中产生的有机废弃物作为肥料施入农田后对土壤性质产生了影响,从而间接影响了土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性;有机废弃物中的重金属会在土壤中积累对土壤环境造成的危害,因此有必要对废弃物农用后的土壤环境进行长期研究。  相似文献   

植物耐低温的分子机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁元丰 《北京农业职业学院学报》2006,20(1):16-19

冷害是世界范围内普遍存在的问题.从膜伤害、酶系统和细胞骨架破坏等方面概述植物低温下受害的生理表现,从细胞骨架、质膜、抗氧化酶等方面分析了植物耐低温遗传的分子机理,并对植物低温遗传研究的未来进行了展望.  相似文献   

三唑酮诱导对烟草几种防御酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

武彦霞  李红霞  张小风  王文桥  韩秀英  陈丹  马志强 《华北农学报》2008,23(3)

不同浓度杀菌剂三唑酮处理烟草后,烟草植株叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)等防御酶活性有所提高,其过氧化物酶同工酶也比对照活性增强。因此认为,三唑酮可以诱导烟草对TMV的系统获得性抗性(SAR),提高烟草的免疫能力。  相似文献   

大气O_3升高对小麦根际土壤微生物量和氮素转化酶活性的影响     

陈伟  皇甫倩华  孙从建  张丽莉  武志杰 《土壤通报》2017,(3):623-630

通过开放式臭氧浓度升高试验平台(FAOE)对扬麦16(臭氧耐受品种)和烟农19(臭氧敏感品种)根际土壤氮转化相关酶活性进行研究。结果表明:臭氧熏蒸5年后,小麦根际蛋白酶活性未发生显著变化;敏感品种根际脲酶活性增高4.01%;氨氧化酶活性在敏感和耐受品种根际土壤中分别提高19.38%和203.66%,土壤NH_4~+和NO_3~-显著升高,但微生物量氮显著下降;硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性分别呈现下降和升高的趋势,这种变化在臭氧敏感品种土壤中更显著。冗余分析表明,全氮、臭氧和pH是显著影响这5种酶活性的最主要因素。试验的结果表明,在大气臭氧浓度升高条件下,小麦根际氮循环会在酶的调节下发生变化,可能会增加土壤氮素以温室气体N_2O和硝酸盐形式损失的风险,且臭氧敏感品种根迹土壤变化更显著。  相似文献   

不同贮藏温度条件下甜玉米相关酶系的变化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

诸永志  王静  王道营  徐为民  曹建民 《西南农业学报》2010,23(1)

本文研究了甜玉米在25、15和4℃条件下贮藏的相关酶系的变化情况。结果表明,在较低贮藏温度下甜玉米丙二醛(MDA)含量较低轻,活性氧清除酶系统的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性较高,有利于延缓甜玉米的衰老,保持较高的商品品质。  相似文献   

Ecophysiological category based toxicological responses in metabolism of earthworms: Impact of a pyrethroidal insecticide     

G. Tripathi  N. Kachhwaha  I. Dabi 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,98(3):333-341

Effects of alphamethrin (0.04 ppm, 0.08 ppm, 0.16 ppm, 0.32 ppm) on some metabolic dehydrogenases and proteins for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 16 days using three ecologically different earthworm species (Perionyx sansibaricus, Lampito mauritii and Metaphire posthuma) were studied. The first significant effect was on 2nd/3rd day and maximum response was achieved on 16th day of exposure of alphamethrin at all concentrations. Similarly, maximum effect was obtained at 0.32 ppm alphamethrin at different exposure periods. It showed a dose- and duration-dependent inhibitory effects of a pyrethroid on enzymes and proteins of earthworms. There were approximately 47%, 43% and 41% declines in specific activities of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH) of P. sansibaricus, L. mauritii and M. posthuma, respectively, in response to 0.32 ppm exposure of alphamethrin for 16 days. In case of similar treatment, specific activities of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH) showed 57%, 51% and 45% reductions in epigeic (P. sansibaricus), anecic (L. mauritii) and endogeic (M. posthuma) earthworms, respectively. Exposure of alphamethrin (0.32 ppm) also decreased the specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by 47% (P. sansibaricus), 35% (L. mauritii) and 39% (M. posthuma) in different types of earthworms. The reductions in specific activities of a Krebs cycle enzyme (mMDH) were greater than that of a glycolytic enzyme (LDH). The protein contents declined significantly in the earthworms exposed to alphamethrin. The decreases of 41%, 36% and 30% were obtained in cytoplasmic proteins of P. sansibaricus, L. mauritii and M. posthuma, respectively. However, the mitochondrial proteins showed reductions of 45% in P. sansibaricus, 46% in L. mauritii and 38% in M. posthuma in response to alphamethrin (0.32 ppm) intoxication for 16 days. The decrease in the protein content reflected an inhibitory effect of alphamethrin on protein turnover. The most pronounced effect of alphamethrin was on metabolic enzymes and proteins of P. sansibaricus and least effect was found on M. posthuma. This clearly showed that surface dwelling species of earthworms (epigeic) are more vulnerable to toxic chemical than deep burrowing species (endogeic). Thus a possible ecophysiological link exists between the toxicological responses and ecological categories at metabolic level in tropical earthworms.  相似文献   

Investigating the impact of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glucoamylase action on yeast-mediated bread dough fermentation and bread sugar levels     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

Wheat flour is generally supplemented with α-amylases to increase maltose levels in bread dough and increase loaf volume. While the preference of yeast for glucose and fructose over maltose as substrate for fermentation is well documented, the impact of maltose versus glucose producing enzymes on bread dough fermentation kinetics and bread sugar levels is ill documented. Hence the impact of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glucoamylase action on both aspects was investigated. Glucoamylase and α-amylase increase the total fermentable sugar content of dough, while α-glucosidase only affects the glucose/maltose ratio. Due to their effect on total fermentable sugar levels, addition of α-amylase or glucoamylase prolongs the total productive fermentation time, while this is not the case for α-glucosidase. In contrast to α-amylase, both glucoamylase and α-glucosidase supplementation leads to higher CO₂ production rates during the initial stages of fermentation. In the final bread product, different sugar levels are observed depending on the dosage and type of starch-degrading enzyme. The results of this study imply that long and short fermentation processes benefit from α-amylase and α-glucosidase addition, respectively, while glucoamylase supplementation is suitable for both long and short fermentation times.  相似文献