GPV感染扰动雏鹅系统互作网络的研究     

朱新产  王倩文  朱峰伟  杨丽金 《华北农学报》2016,(2):195-204

为了解GPV(Goose parvovirus)侵染的病理学致病机理,探究GPV感染扰动雏鹅动态代谢网络平衡系统,对GPV感染雏鹅血液中的蛋白质、代谢酶活性及其同工酶结构和功能等进行生化分析。结果显示,GPV感染雏鹅的血液中,蛋白酶、Est、POD、SOD、ALP、ADH、Amy、CAT、GPT、LDH活性分别提高约41%/63%,30%/53%,50%/14%,36%/73%,156%/142%,1005%/22%,36%/26%,13%/51%,60%/244%,289%/139%;Ig G、IgM含量分别降低约50%,40%;蛋白质含量增长约50%,GPV感染雏鹅的血浆Est、SOD、ADH、Amy同工酶分别新增2,2,1,3条酶谱带,Est同工酶消减2条慢区谱带;血细胞Est、POD、SOD、Amy同工酶分别新增1,2,1,2条酶谱带;血液中CAT、LDH、GPT、ALP同工酶分别出现7,1,3,3条酶带变异,血细胞CAT、ADH同工酶分别缺少快区和慢、快区酶带,ALP同工酶在血浆与血细胞方面分别缺少慢区和快区酶带。同时显示重链59 kDa蛋白带是CK组IgM/G的共同特征,感染组Ig G还缺失258,36 kDa蛋白带;血浆与血细胞分别新增加131,86,43,33 kDa和144,104,58,53 kDa蛋白。血浆消减1条慢区酶蛋白,血细胞增加2条慢区酶蛋白。提示GPV感染应激与寄主蛋白质、蛋白酶及同工酶基因表达的协同作用,通过独特的扰动宿主动态平衡代谢网络直接或间接调控细胞易感性能。  相似文献   

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr fed genetically modified soybeans and maize: Histological, digestive, metabolic, and immunological investigations     

Bakke-McKellep AM  Sanden M  Danieli A  Acierno R  Hemre GI  Maffia M  Krogdahl A 《Research in veterinary science》2008,84(3):395-408

Physiological and health related responses to dietary inclusion of genetically modified (GM) full-fat soybean meal (Roundup Ready; GM-soy) and maize (MON810 Bt-maize; GM-maize), as well as non-parental, untransformed lines (nGM-soy and nGM-maize D2), were evaluated in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr during the first 8 months of feeding. Significant effects of dietary GM presence were only found in intestinal Na+-dependent d-glucose uptake and SGLT1 protein level in the region pyloric caeca in which the highest values were found in the GM-soy, intermediate in the nGM-soy, and lowest in the standard FM fed groups. Data from this study confirm that GM soybeans (RRS) and maize (MON810) at inclusion levels of about 6% appear to be as safe as commercially available nGM soy and maize in diets for Atlantic salmon parr. Results from studies with higher inclusion levels and with non-modified, isogenic or near-isogenic parental lines as control groups are pending.  相似文献   

Role of enzymes in improving the functionality of proteins in non-wheat dough systems     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2016

Gluten free systems lack the viscoelastic network required to resist gas production and expansion during baking. Enzymatic treatments of the GF flours have been proposed initially for creating protein aggregates that mimic gluten functionality but then also for modifying proteins changing their functionality in GF systems. To better exploit the technological function and the potentials of enzymatic processing for improving GF bread quality, it is important to understand the key elements that define the microstructure and baking functionality of GF batters as compared to wheat dough. In this review, some keys are pointed out to explain the different mechanisms that are available for understanding the action of enzymes to effectively design GF viscoelastic matrixes. Focus will be on protein modifying enzymes, because they play a decisive role in the formation of the fine network responsible for improving the expansion of rice batters.  相似文献   

Enzyme inhibition by molluscicidal component of Areca catechu and Carica papaya in the nervous tissue of vector snail Lymnaea acuminata     

Preetee Jaiswal 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2008,92(3):164-168

In the present study toxic effects of active molluscicidal component of Areca catechu and Carica papaya was studied on certain enzymes in the nervous tissue of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata. In in vivo and in vitro exposure of arecoline (active component of Areca catechu seed) and papain (C. papaya latex and seed) significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activity in the nervous tissue of L. acuminata. The inhibition kinetics of these enzymes indicate that arecoline and papain caused competitive and uncompetitive inhibition of AChE, respectively, whereas arecoline caused competitive-non-competitive inhibition of ACP/ALP and papain caused non-competitive inhibition of ACP/ALP. Thus the inhibition of AChE, ACP and ALP by arecoline and papain in the nervous tissue of L. acuminata may be the cause of molluscicidal activity of A. catechu and C. papaya, respectively.  相似文献   

不同小麦品种籽粒淀粉组分及相关酶活性的差异   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8  

赵俊晔  于振文  孙慧敏  马兴华  孙强 《作物学报》2004,30(6):525-530

根据小麦成熟期籽粒淀粉组分的差异,用聚类分析的方法,将籽粒总淀粉含量相近、直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量存在差异的9个小麦品种分为3组：低直链淀粉组、中直链淀粉组和高直链淀粉组。研究籽粒灌浆过程中,直链淀粉与支链淀粉比值（直/支比值）的变化动态、淀粉合成相关酶活性的变化动态及其与淀粉组分积累的关系。结果表明：  相似文献   

Plant regulation of microbial enzyme production in situ     

Colin Averill  Adrien Finzi 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(12):2457-2460

Soil extracellular enzymes regulate the rate at which complex organic forms of nitrogen (N) become bio-available. Much research has focused on the limitations to heterotrophic enzyme production via lab incubations, but little has been done to understand the limitations to enzyme production in situ. We created root and symbiotic mycelia exclusion treatments using mesh in-growth bags in the field to isolate the effect of roots and other portions of the microbial community on enzyme production. When fertilized with complex protein N we found increases in N-degrading enzyme concentrations only when root in-growth was allowed. No response was observed when complex N was added to root-free treatments. Expanding on economic rules of microbial element limitation theory developed from lab incubation data, we suggest this is due to active transport of labile carbon (C) from roots to associated microbial communities in root bags. Roots alleviate C limitation of microbial enzyme synthesis, representing a tradeoff between plants and microbes–plant C for microbially-derived N.  相似文献   

土壤固化酶在中国的应用及研究进展     

彭红涛  顾瀚来  张心平  苏海涛 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(8)

土壤固化酶于二十世纪八十年代逐渐应用于筑路、筑堤、筑坝、垃圾填埋处理、基础加固等领域,中国自1995年将土壤固化酶应用于道路建设以来,取得了一些经验和成效,但也存在一些问题。该文概述了土壤固化酶在中国的应用及研究进展;分析了其所具有的环保价值、可产生经济效益,以及土壤固化酶在中国推广应用过程中出现的一些问题;通过土壤固化酶与石灰、水泥等传统固化材料对土的无侧限抗压强度影响的试验研究,说明土壤固化酶有利于土体稳定的特性;为进一步研究和发展该技术提供依据。  相似文献   

耐低钾玉米自交系延缓叶片衰老的生理特性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王晓磊  于海秋*  刘宁  依兵  曹敏建* 《作物学报》2012,38(9):1672-1679

以典型的耐低钾玉米自交系90-21-3和低钾敏感玉米自交系D937为试材,采用大田试验,研究了生育后期低钾胁迫对不同自交系叶片持绿性、叶绿素含量、光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数、烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)和NAD激酶(NADK)活性、保护酶活性的影响,探讨耐低钾玉米延缓叶片衰老的生理特性。结果表明,低钾胁迫持续到生育后期,90-21-3与D937相比,叶片持绿时间长,叶绿素含量下降缓慢,叶片净光合速率(P_n)高;胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)和气孔限制值(L_S)上升幅度小;F_PSII、F_v、F_m高,而F_o明显低;PEPC和NADK活性高;MDA含量上升缓慢且维持较低水平;抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT活性相对较高。低钾胁迫下,90-21-3自交系延缓叶片衰老的原因可能为持绿性较好,延长了叶片功能期;光合能力强,受光抑制程度较轻;NADK活性稳定,为光反应提供电子受体NADP,同时PEPC活性较高,暗反应又能固定相对较多的CO₂,从而保证了CO₂的供应;光反应和暗反应的协同,使90-21-3自交系具有相对较高的光合速率,同时抗氧化酶又具有较高的活性,可有效清除活性氧。  相似文献   

Stability of hydrolytic enzyme activity and microbial phosphorus during storage of tropical rain forest soils     

Benjamin L. Turner  Tania E. Romero 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(3):459-465

Storage can markedly influence microbial and biochemical properties in soils, yet recommendations for sample storage are based on studies of temperate soils that regularly experience extended cold periods. We assessed the influence of storage conditions on microbial phosphorus and the activity of four hydrolytic enzymes (phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase) in three lowland tropical forest soils from the Republic of Panama that experience a constant warm temperature. The soils spanned a strong rainfall gradient and contained contrasting physical and chemical properties (pH 3.6-5.9; total carbon 26-50 g C kg⁻¹; clay 33-62%; total phosphorus 0.30-0.60 g P kg⁻¹). Storage treatments were: (i) room temperature (22 °C in the dark), (ii) refrigerated (4 °C in the dark), (iii) air-dried (10 d, 22 °C), and (iv) frozen (−35 °C). There were significant changes in enzyme activities and microbial phosphorus during refrigerated and room temperature storage, although changes were relatively small during the first two weeks. An initial marked decline in enzyme activities for one soil analyzed within 2 h of sampling was attributed to a flush of activity caused by sampling and soil preparation (sieving, etc.). For longer-term storage (>2 weeks), ambient laboratory temperature appeared preferable to freezing and cold storage, because one month of storage caused a marked decline in enzyme activities and microbial phosphorus in one soil. Freezing preserved the activities of some enzymes in some soils at rates comparable to cold or room temperature storage, but caused a marked decline in microbial phosphorus in two soils. Air-drying caused a marked decline in microbial phosphorus and the activity of all enzymes. We therefore conclude that enzyme assays and microbial phosphorus should be determined in tropical forest soils after no more than two weeks storage in the dark at ambient laboratory temperature.  相似文献   

苹果梨花芽分化期几种酶活性的变化   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

李秉真  李雄  孙庆林  张建华  马青枝 《园艺学报》2001,28(2):159-160

 对‘苹果梨’花芽分化各时期叶片中过氧化物酶(POD) 、吲哚乙酸(IAA) 氧化酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶(CAT) 活性进行研究, 前三者在花芽分化临界期(7月23日) 达高值, 而后者处于低值; 在花蕾、花萼分化期CAT 活性增强, 蔗糖酶、IAA 氧化酶、POD 活性降低; 花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊分化期POD、IAA 氧化酶活性增加, 蔗糖酶变化不大, CAT降至最低。  相似文献