小麦叶片RuBP羧化酶活性对湿害逆境的响应能力及亲本效应分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹Yang  严建民 《作物学报》1997,23(1):102-106

用＾１４Ｃ同位素示踪法研究了６个小麦品种叶片的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性对孕穗期湿害逆境的响应能力及其产量性状表现；用完全双列杂交法测定了９个小麦亲本耐湿性的配合力。结果表明：在孕穗期湿害逆境下，不同品种间的ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性下降程度存在明显差异，这种差异与主茎绿色叶片数和产量性状的变化相一致，配合力分析结果表明，亲本之间一般配合力差异达极显著水平，组合间特殊配合力效应存在显著差异，说明小麦品种的耐湿性受  相似文献   

Surface drainage requirement of crops: Application of a piecewise linear model for evaluating submergence tolerance     

S. K. Gupta  R. K. Singh  R. S. Pandey 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1992,6(3):249-261

Crop tolerance to land submergence is an important criterion for designing a surface drainage system for agricultural lands. This paper collates the available data from various places in India related to the studies on the submergence tolerance of crops. The paper hypothesizes that a piecewise linear model could be used to describe crop response to land submergence. According to this hypothesis, there would be no yield decline for a few initial days of submergence. If submergence continues beyond this period then there would be linear decline in yield. The unknown parameters in the model are: optimum yield, threshold time and the slope which represents the per cent yield reduction per day of additional submergence beyond the threshold.Data in respect of wheat, pigeon peas, cowpeas, pearlmillet, maize and groundnuts indicate that the model describes the data well, although in many cases the threshold is 0.0. The yield reduction varies from 5.3 to 23.2% for each day of submergence beyond the threshold. It appears that to allow for more than 1–2 days of submergence will result in more than 10% reducation in yield of dryfoot crops. For the maize crop, the seedling stage is the most sensitive stage followed by the silking stage. The grain formation stage is the least sensitive, although even at this stage the threshold is 0.0 and yield reduction is 9.3% for each day of submergence beyond the threshold. The data for 9 test crops from Texas and Venezuela were well described by the model. It is concluded that the piecewise linear model is a useful tool for describing submergence tolerance of crops and for working out surface drainage requirements for a given level of yield reduction. Frequency analysis of the daily rainfall data from some selected locations indicates that there is every likelihood of submergence at most of the stations. It is suggested that there is an urgent need for developing wet farming techniques analogous to dry farming techniques.  相似文献   

Agricultural practice changes with cultivating genetically modified herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape     

F. Graef  U. Stachow  A. Werner  G. Schütte 《Agricultural Systems》2007

To facilitate weed suppression, oilseed rape or canola (Brassica napus) has been genetically modified (GM) over the last two decades to incorporate herbicide tolerance (HT). The introduction of oilseed rape in commercial agriculture raises concerns about potential adverse agronomic and environmental effects linked to both the genetic modification and altered agricultural practice. How will this new crop modify the existing cropping practice? What are the potential agro-environmental implications of its introduction? This paper analyses and schematises recorded and conceivable agricultural practice changes with GMHT oilseed rape introduction and its likely agro-environmental effects. It develops a conceptual systematics of influencing factors, subsequent practice changes and likely agro-environmental effects. The results can be used to design the mandatory monitoring of adverse GM crop effects.  相似文献   

丽江牡丹不同品种的生物学特性及耐水淹胁迫能力   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李宗艳  郭盘江  唐岱  张海燕 《东北林业大学学报》2006,34(5):44-46

对丽江紫、丽江粉和香玉板3个丽江牡丹品种的物候、枝条生长量及成花率进行了观测分析,结果表明:3个品种在物候特征方面差异较大,香玉板的生长发育节律和中原牡丹相似性较高,丽江紫的物候晚于中原牡丹品种,丽江粉则早于中原牡丹品种;香玉板枝条生长量达42.9cm,丽江紫和丽江粉分别达32.3、30.1cm,在丽江地区,丽江紫、丽江粉和香玉板的枝条实存率约为42%~53%,33%~46%和38%~52%。从生殖发育的特点看,香玉板与中原牡丹同属枝叶同放型,成花率和开花率高,而丽江紫和丽江粉花蕾有败育现象,花蕾发育晚于叶。在品种抗水淹能力评价方面,运用NR活性、RPP的变化和叶绿素总量下降率指标进行分析,结果表明:丽江紫抗水淹力最强,丽江粉次之,香玉板抗水淹能力较差。  相似文献   

诱抗剂对水稻幼苗耐盐性的诱导作用   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

方良俊  符小琴  叶群珊  张星福  符垂康 《核农学报》2006,20(4):273-276,308

本试验对水稻幼苗做诱抗剂处理并进行盐胁迫,测定了不同品种幼苗各性状耐盐性诱导率,并进一步对品种R6幼苗的生理特性分析。结果表明,诱抗剂对不同水稻品种幼苗的耐盐性诱导率有明显差异,品种R6的根长诱导率最高;用诱抗剂处理水稻品种R6后,耐盐能力比盐胁迫对照显著提高,表现为增加了根系活跃吸收表面积、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量,明显增强了根系活力,降低丙二醛含量。诱抗剂还具有调节IAA和ABA内源激素含量及其分布的作用。  相似文献   

短期高温下6个品种甜樱桃幼苗耐热性比较     

张琛  刘辉  郗笃隽  骆慧枫  廖益民  裴嘉博 《中国果业信息》2023,52(2)

为对不同品种甜樱桃耐热性进行比较,以6个品种甜樱桃幼苗为试材,通过模拟高温,探究高温胁迫下其叶片生理、叶绿素荧光指标变化,结合相关性分析、主成分分析等对其耐热性综合评价,并通过逐步回归模型的建立筛选出甜樱桃耐热生理评价指标。结果表明,6个品种甜樱桃幼苗在高温胁迫后抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质等生理指标变化有所不同,叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ 最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)3个参数值均显著下降,除4号甜樱桃品种NPQ值显著升高外,其余品种NPQ 值均呈下降趋势。6个品种甜樱桃幼苗的耐热综合性排名为 ‘红蜜’＞‘桑提娜’＞‘早大果’＞‘雷尼’＞‘拉宾斯’＞‘布鲁克斯’,基于多元回归模型建立筛选出过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脯氨酸含量、Fv/Fo 4个指标可高效、准确地对甜樱桃耐热性进行评价。本研究为甜樱桃耐热性评价体系建立及耐热性品种选育提供参考,为今后南方地区甜樱桃耐高温品种（系）进一步育种工作奠定理论基础。  相似文献   

盐胁迫对野生樱桃幼苗生长的影响及其耐盐性分析     

徐慧洁  杨静慧  刘艳军  李建科  刘婷  龚无缺 《中国果业信息》2014,43(3)

为了扩大樱桃的栽培区域、在沿海大城市周边轻度盐碱地上栽培,试验以野生樱桃砧木实生苗四川樱桃、黑山樱、大青叶为试验材料,通过不同浓度的盐胁迫处理（0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6% NaCl）和植株的各项生长指标测定（株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶面积）,比较了野生樱桃的耐盐性。结果显示：在盐胁迫下,大青叶樱桃相对株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶面积的平均值均最大,黑山樱除相对茎粗平均值外,其余3项生长指标均高于四川樱桃。隶属函数综合分析显示,3种野生樱桃幼苗生长期的耐盐性为：大青叶>黑山樱 >四川樱桃。  相似文献   

巴氏新小绥螨和尼氏真绥螨的耐饥能力及饥饿对二者捕食朱砂叶螨功能的影响     

罗育发  钟八莲 《中国果业信息》2012,41(1)

试验温度25℃条件下,室内测定我国农作物害虫的常用生物防治剂—巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes和尼氏真绥螨Euseius nicholsi Ehara et Lee的耐饥能力,以及定量分析不同饥饿程度对两种捕食螨捕食朱砂叶螨的功能反应和捕食速度的影响。研究结果表明：两种捕食螨各螨态的耐饥时间与发育历期呈显著正相关（P﹤0.05）。各螨态的阶段存活率与存活时间之间的关系均可用二次抛物线拟合。根据饥饿半致死和致死时间（T50和T95）,巴氏新小绥螨的耐饥能力明显强于尼氏真绥螨。除巴氏新小绥螨雌成螨的耐饥性存活曲线呈拱形外,两种捕食螨其它螨态的耐饥性存活曲线均呈凹形。不同饥饿程度的两种捕食螨雌成螨捕食朱砂叶螨若螨的功能反应均为HollingⅡ型,饥饿程度不能改变它们的捕食功能反应类型,但可使功能反应模型的各参数值发生较大改变。饥饿24 h的巴氏新小绥螨和尼氏真绥螨雌成螨对朱砂叶螨若螨的捕食作用主要集中在取食的前8 h阶段,而未经饥饿处理的两种捕食螨雌成螨在开始捕食的24 h内各阶段的捕食速度变化不大。因此,饥饿处理对两种捕食螨雌成螨的捕食作用有明显影响。  相似文献   

不同草坪品种发芽期耐盐性研究     

李可晔 《河北农业科学》2006,10(1):39-40

从发芽势、发芽率、芽长和根长4个方面,分析比较了6个绿化草坪品种发芽期对不同NaCl处理浓度的耐盐性.结果表明:明星和凯蒂莎的耐盐性高于其它品种.  相似文献   

Genomic Prediction of Arsenic Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice: Contribution of Trait-Specific Markers and Multi-Environment Models     

Nourollah Ahmadi  Tuong-Vi cao  Julien Frouin  Gareth J. Norton  Adam H. Price 《水稻科学》2021,28(3):268-278

Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As). Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health. Genomic selection is known to facilitate rapid selection of superior genotypes for complex traits. We explored the predictive ability(PA) of genomic prediction with single-environment models, accounting or not for trait-specific markers, multi-environment models, and multi-trait and multi-environment models, using the genotypic(1600 K SNPs) and phenotypic(grain As content, grain yield and days to flowering) data of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Under the base-line single-environment model, PA of up to 0.707 and 0.654 was obtained for grain yield and grain As content, respectively; the three prediction methods(Bayesian Lasso, genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces) were considered to perform similarly, and marker selection based on linkage disequilibrium allowed to reduce the number of SNP to 17 K, without negative effect on PA of genomic predictions. Single-environment models giving distinct weight to trait-specific markers in the genomic relationship matrix outperformed the base-line models up to 32%. Multi-environment models, accounting for genotype × environment interactions, and multi-trait and multi-environment models outperformed the base-line models by up to 47% and 61%, respectively. Among the multi-trait and multi-environment models, the Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking function obtained the highest predictive ability(0.831 for grain As) with much higher efficiency for computing time. These findings pave the way for breeding for As-tolerance in the progenies of biparental crosses involving members of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Genomic prediction can also be applied to breeding for other complex traits under multiple environments.  相似文献