苏南典型区农田土壤硒-镉拮抗作用研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

范健  任静华  廖启林  葛礼强  徐宏婷  崔晓丹  李文博  汪子意 《土壤》2021,53(5):1023-1032

以苏南典型区2027套稻米-土壤样品的Se、Cd含量及其相关的元素地球化学调查数据为基础,通过元素相关性统计分析及生物富集系数(BCF)等分布特征研究,本文探讨了农田土壤中Se与Cd的拮抗作用及其控制因素。结果表明：1)土壤中Se和Cd分布共消长特征明显,两者之间具有显著正相关性、相关系数R最高可达0.87；2)有关岩石、陶瓷原料、河泥等均可成为农田富集Se、Cd的物质来源,且多为富Cd强于富Se,只有源于富硒岩石的富硒土壤可排除Cd污染干扰、其开发利用价值最高；3)稻米Se与Cd的生物富集系数多介于0.1～0.8之间,土壤偏碱性有利于稻籽吸收Se、偏酸性则有助于稻籽吸收Cd,受土壤Se、Cd同富集之影响,富硒米与镉超标大米可能同时出现；4)土壤富Se抑制稻米Cd吸收是有条件的,当土壤Se大于0.4mg/kg、总有机碳大于1.5%时,稻米Cd与土壤Se、Cd生物富集系数与土壤Se之间均存在显著负相关性,相关系数R分别为-0.74、-0.56；5)pH与Cd生物富集系数、TOC与Se生物富集系数之间也有显著负相关性,其相关系数R分别为-0.79、-0.65。  相似文献   

河南省白灵侧耳菌株遗传多样性分析     

孔维威  袁瑞奇  康源春  张玉亭  周舒浩  常晓超  刘洋洋 《食药用菌》2022,(1)

采用拮抗反应和基因间隔区2(intergenic spacer 2,IGS2)分析方法对河南省32个白灵侧耳(Pleurotus tuoliensis)菌株的遗传多样性进行分析。结果:除菌株Pt1、Pt5和Pt22外,绝大多数菌株间存在拮抗反应;应用Hpa Ⅱ、Rsa Ⅰ和Hae Ⅲ等3个限制性内切酶,对IGS2扩增产物进行酶切和电泳分析,不同菌株电泳后产生多样性丰富的图谱。根据聚类分析结果将所有菌株分为3个大类,3个大类遗传关系相对较远,最终将32个菌株鉴定为3组,可为今后白灵侧耳新品种杂交选育亲本的选择提供参考。  相似文献   

A review of biocontrol agents in controlling late blight of potatoes and tomatoes caused by Phytophthora infestans and the underlying mechanisms     

Weizhen Wang  Youhua Long 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):4715-4725

Phytophthora infestans causes late blight on potatoes and tomatoes, which has a significant economic impact on agriculture. The management of late blight has been largely dependent on the application of synthetic fungicides, which is not an ultimate solution for sustainable agriculture and environmental safety. Biocontrol strategies are expected to be alternative methods to the conventional chemicals in controlling plant diseases in the integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Well-studied biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and compounds produced by these antagonists, in addition to certain bioactive metabolites produced by plants. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments suggest a potential for using biocontrol in practical late blight disease management. However, the transition of biocontrol to field applications is problematic for the moment, due to low and variable efficacies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary on these biocontrol strategies and the underlying corresponding mechanisms. To give a more intuitive understanding of the promising biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans in agricultural systems, we discuss the utilizations, modes of action and future potentials of these antagonists based on their taxonomic classifications. To achieve a goal of best possible results produced by biocontrol agents, it is suggested to work on field trials, strain modifications, formulations, regulations, and optimizations of application. Combined biocontrol agents having different modes of action or biological adaptation traits may be used to strengthen the biocontrol efficacy. More importantly, biological control agents should be applied in the coordination of other existing and forthcoming methods in the IPM programs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献