设施栽培果树病虫害种类与发生特点     

李继银  王芬  侯慎柱  李斌 《中国森林病虫》2004,23(2):26-30

对桃、杏、樱桃设施栽培下病虫害调查的结果显示，全区设施果树病虫(螨)害共27种，其中虫(螨)害16种，分属4目12科；病害11种，分属9目9科(属)。主要病虫(螨)害12种(病害6种，虫害5种，螨类1种)。经对果树主要病虫(螨)害在设施条件下的发生危害规律观察，总结出了设施果树病虫害发生特点。  相似文献   

水杨酸对杏树花期抗寒性及坐果率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭守华  杨晴  杨晓玲  刘艳芳  齐建超  毕永明 《经济林研究》2007,25(4):24-27

以室温蒸馏水处理为对照,分别用浓度为0、2、10、20、40、80 m g.L-1的水杨酸溶液处理张公园杏初开花朵,放入0℃恒温培养箱4 h,取出后测定花朵的外渗电导率值、呼吸强度、雌蕊的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性及丙二配醛的含量,结果表明:水杨酸可有效抑制由低温引起的细胞电解质外渗,提高呼吸速率,提高雌蕊超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性,减少丙二醛的积累。还在田间条件下,以7年生3个品种的杏树为试材,于初花期分别用浓度为0、2、10、20、40 m g.L-1的水杨酸溶液进行喷施,结果发现:浓度为10 m g.L-1的水杨酸能够极显著地提高骆驼黄、华县接杏品种的坐果率,但其对张公园品种的影响却并未达到显著水平。认为在杏树初花期喷施一定浓度的水杨酸可以起到预防低温伤害及提高产量的作用。  相似文献   

Phenological patterns in a southern Amazonian tropical forest: implications for sustainable management     

Robert B. Wallace  R. Lilian E. Painter   《Forest Ecology and Management》2002,160(1-3):19-33

Phenological transects were employed to assess monthly leaf, flower, unripe fruit and ripe fruit abundance for a total of 1732 individual plants within five tropical forest habitats at the ‘Lago Caiman Research Camp’, Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, northeastern Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Fruit surveys along trails were conducted concomitantly to assess fruit availability for the resident terrestrial frugivore community. The results of the two methodologies are compared and discussed with respect to wildlife and forest management in the region. Phenological transects revealed that Cerrado forest, tall forest, low vine forest, Sartenejal (swamp) forest, and pied mont (premontane) forest, showed seasonal variations in flower, unripe fruit and ripe fruit abundance, however, the broad temporal patterns were significantly different across habitats. Seasonal variation in overall foliage abundance was only marked for Cerrado forest. Ripe fruit production within the study site was not significantly different across months, with different habitats peaking asynchronously in abundance. From a frugivory perspective, overall ripe fleshy fruit abundance also varied considerably between habitats, and again showed asynchronous peaks in habitat production. However, both methodologies revealed the early dry season (June–July) as a period of ripe fleshy fruit scarcity throughout the study area. This period represents a resource ‘bottleneck’ for the resident frugivore community and phenological results allowed the identification of a number of keystone fruit resources for the region. Furthermore, fruit resources which are super-abundant in the early–mid wet season (November–February) might also be considered keystone resources for the region, given that they are available in an otherwise fruit scarce forest. The dynamic spatial patterning of fruit availability at Lago Caiman suggests that certain habitats might be considered keystone habitats, since they provide the majority of fruit resources on a seasonal basis. Finally, the potential of phenological information in tropical forest management plans is discussed and underlined by the observation that rainfall in itself fails to predict fruit availability in the dominant habitats at Lago Caiman.  相似文献   

山西省枣树裂果情况调查初报   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张志善  郭绐仙 《经济林研究》1991,9(1):58-62

裂果腐烂是北方枣区枣子减产的重要原因。1985年9月梅雨季,对山西省53个枣树品种裂果情况进行调查,结果表明:枣果成熟期阴雨天气是导致裂果的主要因子;不同品种裂果程度不同;枣果成熟与裂果有密切关系。选育抗裂品种、调整枣果成熟期是解决裂果腐烂的有效途径。  相似文献   

促使云杉矮槲寄生果实提前脱落药剂筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周在豹  许志春  田呈明  骆有庆  王国仓  韩富忠 《中国森林病虫》2007,26(3):39-41

云杉矮槲寄生正在威胁三江源地区的部分云杉林，为阻断其传播途径，在云杉矮槲寄生刚结果初期喷施植物激素，促使其果实在种子未成熟就提前脱落。采用40％乙烯利水剂、20％国光萘乙酸粉剂、50％国光丁酰肼可溶性粉剂这3种植物激素进行促使云杉矮槲寄生的果实提前脱落的药剂筛选，结果表明在果实上喷施浓度为1：200的40％乙烯利水剂，施药后3d果实开始脱落，7d果实脱落率达到100％，其它2种药剂虽然也能促使提前落果，但效果次之。  相似文献   

岳阳市观赏植物造景应用评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周敏  侯碧清 《林业调查规划》2007,32(5):156-161

在对岳阳市城市观赏植物区系、植被与群落调查基础上,对观赏植物进行了园林应用分类,并对秋色叶植物和观果植物进行应用评价,提出了观赏植物造景应用方式.  相似文献   

牡丹江林区红松果林营建技术及效益分析     

张晶海 《林业勘查设计》2007,(1):59-60

通过对现有红松果林生长与结实状况的调查,总结了红松果林培育中从栽植、立地选择、配置、管理等技术环节,分析了营建红松果林的经济效益。  相似文献   

水果裂果研究进展   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

刘铁铮  徐继忠  王连荣  陈海江  付雅丽 《河北林果研究》2004,19(3):282-287

综述了国内外对鲜食水果裂果的研究进展，从果实的形态解剖特性、环境因子、栽培措施、矿质营养元素与平衡等方面阐述了裂果发生的机理。认为表皮细胞大、果实角质层薄易于裂果；果实生长前期，土壤含水量不足，果皮发育受到影响，果实发育后期，久旱逢雨，果肉细胞迅速增大可造成裂果；缺钙、钾等矿质元素，易产生裂果。提出了预防裂果的几项措施。  相似文献   

Functional compatibility of two arbuscular mycorrhizae with thirteen fruit trees in Senegal     

A. M. Bâ  C. Plenchette  P. Danthu  R. Duponnois  T. Guissou 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,50(2):95-105

Functional compatibility between thirteen tropical fruit trees (Afzelia africana Smith., Adansonia digitata L., Aphania senegalensis Radlk., Anacardium occidentale L., Cordyla pinnata (Lepr. ex A. Rich.) Milne-Redhead, Dialium guineensis Wild., Landolphia heudelottii A.DC., Sclerocarya birrea (A.Roch.) Hochst., Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon and four reference hosts Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.), Tamarindus indica L. and Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.) and two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus aggregatum Schenck and Smith emend. Schenck and Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith), was investigated. Marked differences were found between them in terms of mycorrhizal formation, root colonization, relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) and phosphorus concentrations in shoot tissues. A. africana, L. heudelottii and S. senegalensis did not form symbiotic associations, and the growth of A. africana decreased following mycorrhizal inoculation, while L. heudelottii and S. senegalensis showed no dependency. In contrast, A. digitata, A. senegalensis, A. occidentale, B. aegyptiaca and S. birrea were well colonized with AMF, but did not significantly increase in biomass production. Five fruit trees did, however, show dependency by a positive interaction with G. aggregatum, the most effective AMF. Z. mauritiana was found to be very highly dependent (RMD > 75%), T. indica was highly dependent (50–75% RMD), and D. guineensis, P. biglobosa and C. pinnata were moderately dependent (25–50% RMD). Phosphorus absorption probably contributed to this dependency more than the absorption of potassium. These results indicate that some tropical fruit trees do derive benefits from AM inoculation, while others do not.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Chemical structures of the condensed tannins in the fruits of Diospyros species     

Fumiaki Nakatsubo  Kenichi Enokita  Koji Murakami  Keizo Yonemori  Akira Sugiura  Naoki Utsunomiya  Suranant Subhadrabandhu 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(5):414-418

The structural variety of the condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) in the fruits of 16Diospyros species are reported. Eleven species contained condensed tannins mostly consisting of a mixture of catechin (CA) and gallocatechin (GCA) repeating units; the other five species did not. The GCA content in the CA-GCA total varied from 0.3% to 84.6%. The number of esterified gallic acid per one flavan repeating unit (degree of galloylation, DG) ranged from 0.01 to 0.89. The GCA content was found to be proportional to the DG values. Thus, 16Diospyros species tested may be classified into five groups by the analytical data of their condensed tannins. It may be interesting to compare their structural characteristics with those of the condensed tannins in other fruits, leaves, woods, and barks from the viewpoint of their biosynthesis and function in the plants.Part of this paper was presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1995  相似文献