Nematicidal fluorescent pseudomonads for the in vitro and in vivo suppression of root knot (Meloidogyne incognita) of Capsicum annuum L     

Wahla V  Maheshwari DK  Bajpai VK 《Pest management science》2012,68(8):1148-1155

BACKGROUND: Considerable attention has been paid to plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), especially the fluorescent group of Pseudomonas species, as the best alternatives to chemicals for facilitating ecofriendly biological control of soil‐ and seedborne microorganisms. On the basis of their novel plant‐growth‐promoting attributes, two rhizobacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa VP1 and VP2 selected out of over 63 isolates from the rhizosphere of chilli (Capsicum annuum) were identified as potential candidates for biocontrol of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on chilli. RESULTS: The nematicidal activity of both strains was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their efficacy against M. incognita. P. aeruginosa VP2 exhibited strong nematicidal activity in comparison with VP1, based on the in vitro killing of the second‐stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. Seed bacterisation with both strains VP1 and VP2 was able to manage root‐knot M. incognita on chilli (C. annuum) in a pot trial study. Increase in root and shoot length and in fresh and dry weight of root and shoot and reduction in the root‐knot index over the control were attained. In overall performance, VP2 was 29.5% more effective than VP1, and about 30% more effective than the control (non‐bacterised). CONCLUSION: The application of P. aeruginosa VP1 and P. aeruginosa VP2 controls the development of M. incognita in C. annuum, and hence they are recommended as efficient plant growth promotors and biocontrolling agents for raising healthy crop of C. annuum that can promote the growth of plants and reduce the nematode (M. incognita) population. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

南方根结线虫辣椒Me3毒性群体适合度代价及专化性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋丽芬  茆振川  陈国华  杨宇红  谢丙炎 《园艺学报》2011,38(3):479-486

 将南方根结线虫自然群体在含有Me3抗线虫基因的辣椒HDA149上连续选择15代,获得了一对针对辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）抗线虫基因Me3的南方根结线虫毒性和无毒近等基因系。通过将Me3毒性线虫接种在抗病辣椒HDA149、感病辣椒茄门以研究适合度代价,结果显示,南方根结线虫Me3毒性群体在感病辣椒上存在适合度代价,适应值仅为76%。将Me3毒性线虫接种在含有其它抗线虫基因（Mi、Me）的番茄和辣椒上研究南方根结线虫Me3毒性的专化性,结果表明Me3毒性线虫不能在含有Mi抗线虫基因的番茄上产生根结和卵块,但是可以在含有其它Me基因的辣椒上产生卵块。说明南方根结线虫Me3毒性对抗性基因Me 存在专化性。  相似文献   

二十种植物与南方根结线虫寄主关系的研究     

贾尝  张伟朴  邓云颖  包海花  宋晓艳  阮维斌 《北方园艺》2011,(16):167-171

以繁殖系数Rf为指标,在盆栽条件下采用2龄幼虫接种法研究了7科20种植物与南方根结线虫(Meloidog yne incognita)的寄主关系.结果表明:绿架豆是易感寄主;油菜、翠绿青豆、棱形丝瓜、板蓝根、芥菜、四季精选小香葱、苏丹草和甜玉米是寄主;紫花苜蓿、八棱脆、黄芩、甜高粱、小麦、苇状羊茅、金谷2401、高羊茅是弱寄主,对M.incognita具有一定的抗性;蓖麻、高丹草、黑麦草是非寄主.  相似文献   

Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of terpenes against Meloidogyne incognita and the nematicidal activity of essential oils from seven plants indigenous to Greece   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ntalli NG  Ferrari F  Giannakou I  Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U 《Pest management science》2011,67(3):341-351

BACKGROUND: Biorational means for phytonematode control were studied within the context of an increasingly ecofriendly pest management global approach. The nematicidal activity and the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) isolated from seven plants grown in Greece and ten selected compounds extracted from them against second‐stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita (Kof. & White) Chitwood were evaluated using juvenile paralysis experiments. Additionally, synergistic and antagonistic interactions between nematicidal terpenes were studied using an effect addition model, with the comparison made at one concentration level. RESULTS: The 96 h EC₅₀ values of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Pimpinella anisum L., Eucalyptus meliodora A Cunn ex Schauer and Pistacia terebinthus L. were 231, 269, 807 and 1116 µg mL^?1, respectively, in an immersion bioassay. Benzaldehyde (9 µg mL^?1) was the most toxic compound, followed by γ‐eudesmol (50 µg mL^?1) and estragole (180 µg mL^?1), based on 96 h EC₅₀ values. The most potent terpene pairs between which synergistic actions were found, in decreasing order, were: trans‐anethole/geraniol, trans‐anethole/eugenol, carvacrol/eugenol and geraniol/carvacrol. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the activity of F. vulgare, P. anisum, E. meliodora and P. terebinthus, and additionally on synergistic/antagonistic nematicidal terpene interactions, against M. incognita, providing alternative methods for nematode control. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

南方根结线虫与秀丽线虫同源基因的鉴定及其应用分析     

黄利  王宇  董林林  左元梅 《中国农业大学学报》2010,15(4):45-50

南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)是一种分布广危害严重的植物寄生线虫,有关该线虫发育和侵染植物的分子机制报道较少;秀丽线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)是第一个模式动物,对其功能基因组进行了详细而深入的研究,因此,利用生物信息学手段寻找和鉴定二者高度同源的基因可为深入阐明寄生线虫侵染植物的分子机制和防治提供重要的科学依据.本研究利用最新公布的南方根结线虫的9 165个Contig序列分别和秀丽线虫的361 207个EST序列、23 973个蛋白质序列进行比对分析,获得了2种线虫高度同源的基因,通过gene ontology分析2 793个高度同源基因表明,这些基因在调控线虫的生长和发育等过程中发挥重要作用,该项研究将为利用秀丽线虫基因功能资源进行寄生线虫基因功能研究和防治植物线虫病害提供重要的技术平台和新的策略.  相似文献   

里西裸囊菌za-130的杀线活性及其影响因素     

姜力利  刘霆  刘伟成  刘建华  裘季燕  安德荣 《中国生物防治》2010,26(4):461-466

本文测定了里西裸囊菌Gymnoascus reessiiza-130菌株发酵滤液对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita2龄幼虫的毒杀活性,研究其对分散卵及卵囊孵化的影响及影响因素。结果表明,za-130菌株发酵滤液处理24h和浓缩5倍滤液处理2h后对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫致死率均达到100%;发酵滤液处理3d和10d对分散卵的孵化抑制率均高于87%,对卵囊的孵化抑制率均高于95%;这些均与1μl/ml 1.8%阿维菌素乳油和33μg/ml 10%福气多颗粒剂效果相当。发酵滤液中杀线活性物质具有一定的抗热性、耐pH（1.0~9.0）、抗紫外（照射低于6h）和日光灯照射的能力。  相似文献   

生防菌K-8对南方根结线虫的防治及其鉴定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

梁建根郑经武  郝中娜王连平 陶荣祥 《中国农学通报》2011,27(21):282-286

为了明确生防菌株K-8对南方根结线虫的防效及其分类地位,采用亚甲基蓝染色法测定了生防菌株K-8的发酵液对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫存活的影响,考察了其对南方根结线虫的防效,对其鉴定采用生理生化法、表型培养观察法、脂肪酸分析并结合16S rDNA序列分析法。结果表明,击倒试验发现,生防菌株K-8发酵液对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫有一定的杀伤作用,其矫正死亡率为70.8%,与化学药剂200 g/L克线丹的69.4%将近。菌株K-8对南方根结线虫温室盆栽防治效果为47.8%,明显高于对照200 g/L克线丹的防效41.3%。菌株K-8的形态与生理生化特性与巨大芽孢杆菌很接近,根据SI值和差值,脂肪分析把其鉴定为Bacillus megaterium,由16S rDNA序列分析的系统发育树发现,菌株K-8的序列与Bacillus megaterium 构成一个分支,进化上的距离最近,由此可将其鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium。综合三种鉴定方法,最后把菌株鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium。  相似文献   

苦豆子甲醇提取物对南方根结线虫的生物活性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜小凤  吴传万  杨文飞  顾大路  文廷刚  王伟中 《江西农业学报》2010,22(11)

为探讨高效低毒的防治南方根结线虫的新途径,通过毒力测定及盆栽试验研究了苦豆子甲醇提取物对南方根结线虫的生物活性。结果表明苦豆子甲醇提取物具有较强的杀线虫活性,3200 mg/L苦豆子甲醇提取物处理48 h后,线虫校正死亡率达95.5%,LC50为627.3 mg/L,而盆栽试验表明苦豆子甲醇提取物稀释100倍、1000倍、5000倍后处理接种了南方根结线虫的番茄苗,植株平均根结数分别为9.4±1.12、25.2±2.88、44.1±3.44个/株,均显著低于对照(5%甲醇水溶液)的平均根结数66.3±5.21个/株,植株株高、地上部鲜重和根长均比对照增加,表明苦豆子甲醇提取物对线虫具有较好的防效,并能促进植株生长,显示出一定的开发价值。  相似文献   

6种植物源化合物对南方根结线虫的毒性和温室防效研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘丹丹  段玉玺  陈立杰  朱晓峰  王媛媛 《河南农业科学》2011,40(5):111-113

采用室内离体测定和温室防效测定方法,研究6种植物源化合物对南方根结线虫(Meloido-gyne incognita)的防治作用.室内生物活性测定结果显示,草酸对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫的抑制作用最强,EC50=102.183 4 mg/L,6种化合物按抑制作用由大到小顺序为:草酸＞巴豆酸＞酒石酸＞扁桃酸＞苹果酸＞柠檬酸....  相似文献   

当归根腐病的病原初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘华  李正科  杨静  杨梅  王扬  谢勇 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,26(4):458-465

 从当归根腐病植株根部分离到丝核菌(Rhizoctonia sp.)、南方根结线虫（Meloidgyne incognita）和丁香假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas syringae )。为明确这些分离物在当归根腐病病害系统中的作用,分别进行了单一接种、两两混合接种及先后接种的方式来鉴定其致病性。结果表明,无论是采用何种接种方式,包含有丝核菌的接种体均没有导致当归湿腐症状;南方根结线虫和丁香假单胞杆菌同时混合接种发病率为48%,先接种南方根结线虫,后接丁香假单胞杆菌致病性最强,发病率为81%;而且,包含线虫接种体的混合接种与不含线虫接种体的接种,其致病性有明显差异,说明南方根结线虫在当归根腐病病害系统中是关键因子。  相似文献