蘑菇渣堆肥做基质对华北落叶松容器苗生长的影响1）     

娄军山  刘勇  马履一  李国雷  贾忠奎  胡嘉伟  王琰  万芳芳 《东北林业大学学报》2015,(5):1-5

以华北落叶松（ Larix principis-rupprechtii）播种容器苗为研究对象,采用完全随机设计,试验设置6个处理,通过比较苗木形态指标及苗木根系形态结构的差异,研究了添加不同比例的蘑菇渣堆肥对华北落叶松苗木生长的影响。结果表明：基质的密度、pH值、EC值随着蘑菇渣堆肥比例的增加呈现逐渐增大的趋势,总孔隙度、持水孔隙度与对照无显著差异;苗木苗高、地径、生物量及苗木总根长、总根表面积、总根体积随着蘑菇渣堆肥比例增加呈现逐渐减小的趋势;基质中蘑菇渣堆肥比例在0～20％范围内时,苗木形态指标及苗木根系形态结构均与对照无显著差异,基质中蘑菇渣堆肥比例大于30％时,苗木形态指标及苗木根系形态结构与对照出现显著差异,苗木生长受到不利影响。  相似文献   

圆菇子实体粗多糖提取工艺的优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯丽  郑显强 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(35)

[目的]研究圆菇子实体粗多糖提取的最佳工艺。[方法]以圆菇子实体为材料,通过单因素与正交试验L9(34)研究浸提时间、料水比、浸提温度及乙醇浓度对粗多糖得率的影响。[结果]单因素试验表明,料水比为1∶25时,粗多糖得率最大;浸提温度为70、90℃时粗多糖得率较高,分别为7.8%、8.5%;浸提时间为1.5 h时,粗多糖得率最高(8.1%);乙醇浓度为95%时,粗多糖得率最高。正交试验表明,各因素对粗多糖得率的影响由大到小依次为:乙醇浓度>浸提温度>料水比>浸提时间。当料水比、浸提温度、浸提时间、乙醇浓度分别为1∶20、90℃、2 h、95%时,粗多糖得率最高,为8.76%。[结论]圆菇子实体粗多糖提取的最佳工艺为:A1B3C3D3,即料水比1∶20、浸提温度90℃、浸提时间2 h、乙醇浓度95%。  相似文献   

Karyotype analysis of interspecific fusants of basidiomycetes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis     

Takeshi Yokono  Yutaka Tamai  Tomonori Azuma  Yoh Sakuma  Kiyoshi Miura  Yasuo Kojima  Masahide Sunagawa  Masatake Ohmasa 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(6):480-484

The purpose of this research was to analyze the karyotype of the interspecific fusants of twoPleurotus species. Auxotrophic mutants derived from the cultivated strain ofP. ostreatus andP. cornucopiae were used. Protoplasts were fused electrically, and the fusants were selected under auxotrophic complementation. Esterase isozyme analysis showed that several fusants had isozyme bands originating from both parental strains, and others had unilateral isozyme bands. The fusant that had expressed isozyme bands of both parental strains showed chromosomal DNA bands of both of the parental strains in pulsedfield gel electrophoresis analysis. Despite the above results, the chromosomal composition of the fusants obtained by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis did not exhibit all of the bands of both fusion parents.  相似文献   

食用菌菌渣在黄瓜无土栽培中的应用研究     

金静  郑奕  刘士辉  宋星辉  李怀志 《安徽农业科学》2014,(24):8121-8122

[目的]为食用菌菌渣的科学化处理及带动相关产业发展提供科学依据.[方法]以工厂化生产金针菇的菇渣废料为原料,探索不同配比菇渣作为无土栽培基质对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）生长的影响.其中,CK为草炭50 kg＋珍珠岩50 kg,T1为菇渣75 kg＋珍珠岩25 kg,T2为菇渣50 kg＋珍珠岩50 kg,T3为菇渣25 kg＋珍珠岩75 kg.[结果]各处理之间差异不明显,均与CK基质栽培效果相仿.T3栽培效果较差,在植株生长和单株产量等方面均不如CK,但其余处理均好于CK,其中TI栽培效果最好,单株产量1.26 kg,高于CK的1.16 kg.[结论]完全腐熟后的菇渣作为草炭代替品与珍珠岩配合,可作为黄瓜无土栽培基质.  相似文献   

松嫩平原榆树疏林植物组分的结构型   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

李建东  杨允菲 《草地学报》2003,11(4):277-282,300

松嫩平原植被是蒙古、东北、兴安和华北4个植物区系成分相接触的区域，在全区所设的10个榆树疏林调查样地40个样方中，共有89种植物，隶属于26个科，6个株生长型，4个根生长型，6个生活型，4个水分生态类型，13个分布区型和6个饲用价值类型。其中，菊科种类最多，占22．5％；禾本科和豆科分别占15．7％和12．4％。株生长型结构以分枝型种类最多，占39％；直立型和丛生型分别为2l％和16％。根生长型结构以直根型的种类最多，占66％；根茎型和刷状根型分别为17％和16％。生活型结构以地面芽植物最多，占43％；地下芽植物和一年生植物次之，各占15％；地面-地下芽植物占12％。水分生态类型结构以中生型种类最多，占63％；中旱生型次之，占19％。分布区型结构以蒙古-东北-兴安-华北分布区型的种类最多，占30％；蒙古分布区型次之，占16％。饲用价值类型以中、低等质量的种类最多，占46％；优、良牧草种类占31％。松嫩平原榆树疏林具有典型的温带地面芽植物气候、中生生境条件、植物分布区型结构复杂、饲用价值较高的特征。  相似文献   

3S技术在草地产量生态成因分析与农业资源估测中的应用研究     

李建龙  蒋平  赵德华  朱明  宋子健 《中国草地学报》2003,25(3):15-23

首先,利用新型的3种生物气候谱分析法,对22年来在新疆天山北坡观测的草地与生态资料进行了系统的产量成因、周期性变异规律和生态效应分析和讨论,经研究天山草地产量形成的发生年季周期性变化规律主要是受生态气候要素波动所致,两者呈4年周期性变化趋势,且具有明显的滞后生态效应,通常滞后1/4个周期,其中影响产量形成和高低的主导生态因子是土壤含水量和降水量因子;其次,在大量"天地"资料实际观测基础上,利用3S(RS、GIS和GPS)技术和生态系统分析方法,对新疆天山草地农业资源进行了系统地动态监测和大面积估产研究,结果表明阜康县草地和森林面积1998年比1988年分别下降了17.5%和51.0%,而农业用地面积和沙漠危害面积却分别增加了57.8%和21.2%,实现了利用3S技术准确监测新疆阜康县草地农业资源动态变化结果,其大面积草地遥感估产精度达到75.8%以上。  相似文献   

蘑菇菌糠发酵前后营养成分分析与饲用价值的评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张成东  任战军  李康伟  马天笑  邓永荣 《中国养兔杂志》2012,(9):4-8

旨在分析和评价蘑菇菌糠发酵处理前后的营养成分,以其作为饲料原料资源开发利用提供科学理论依据。通过常规营养成分、氨基酸、微量元素和粗纤维等测定与分析,测定蘑菇菌糠发酵处理前后的常规营养指标和氨基酸的含量与组成。结果显示,蘑菇菌糠发酵前的水分、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维和无氮浸出物的含量分别为9.41%、11.75%、4.96%、8.17%、25.40%、40.31%,发酵后各营养物质依次分别为8.20%、12.04%、6.03%、11.91%、18.70%、42.76%;氨基酸总量由4.35%增加到8.23%,理想蛋白质由24.2%增加到56.0%,氨基酸平衡指数由0.3增加到0.47。结论:发酵后的磨菇菌糠较未发酵的菌糠有更好的营养价值,可以作为饲料资源开发利用。  相似文献   

基于虚拟仪器的柴油机振动测试系统设计     

汪志凯  宋希庚  薛冬新 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2010,37(6)

基于LabVIEW开发了一套柴油机振动测试系统。该系统能够有效地采集振动信号并进行数据分析,尤其是其强大的预处理功能和频谱细化功能,确保了该系统能够有效地提高数据处理精度和频谱分析分辨率。运用该系统完成了对某型号船用柴油机的振动测试,取得了良好的应用结果,验证了系统的可靠性和实用性。  相似文献   

Problems of using pines in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tuber melanosporum</Emphasis> culture: soils and truffle harvest associated with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus nigra</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P. sylvestris</Emphasis>     

L. G. García-Montero  J. L. Manjón  S. Martín-Fernández  G. Di Massimo 《Agroforestry Systems》2007,70(3):243-249

In Mediterranean pine forests, truffles and mushrooms generate greater profits than any other woodland products. However, there are no studies on Tuber melanosporum Vittad. associated with pines. For this reason, we have carried out a study of this truffle in mountain woods with Pinus sylvestris L. and P. nigra Arnold subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco, in central Spain. Two hundred and eight Tuber melanosporum burns were monitored for 7 years in five different habitats within the same geographical area. An ANOVA test confirmed significant differences in carpophore production. In higher producing habitats, pines were less abundant. We also confirmed that in 433 burns, T. melanosporum was always unequivocally associated with the root base of Quercus or Corylus trees. Similarly, 14 truffle collectors confirmed that they had never found a single burn with carpophore production associated exclusively with pines. Nevertheless, soil analyses indicated that the soil of these pine woods was very favourable to Tuber melanosporum. We therefore conclude that at present Pinus nigra salzmannii and P. sylvestris are of little interest to Tuber melanosporum culture, as they hinder carpophore production. However, this study has also confirmed that Pinus nigra salzmannii and P. sylvestris mycorrhize easily with Tuber melanosporum, both in the laboratory and in natural environments. On this basis, we propose that pines may act as transmitters of T. melanosporum, although they do not induce fruiting. As a result, the commercial cultivation of Pinus nigra salzmannii and P. sylvestris seedlings mycorrhized with Tuber melanosporum is not recommended in truffle culture at the present time.  相似文献   

Betula pendula leaves: polyphenolic characterization and potential innovative use in skin whitening products     

Germanò MP  Cacciola F  Donato P  Dugo P  Certo G  D'Angelo V  Mondello L  Rapisarda A 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(5):877-882

The research of new tyrosinase inhibitors is currently important for the development of skin whitening agents; particularly, birch leaves extracts are included in many skin cosmetic products. In this study, the potential ability of Betula pendula leaves ethanolic extract (BE) was evaluated on mushroom tyrosinase activity. Results showed that BE was capable to inhibit dose-dependently l-DOPA oxidation catalyzed by tyrosinase. The inhibition kinetics, analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots, showed a noncompetitive inhibition of BE towards the enzyme, using l-DOPA as substrate. The inhibitory mechanism of BE as studied by spectrophotometric analysis, demonstrated its ability to chelate copper ion in the active site of tyrosinase. In addition, BE exhibited Fe(2+)-chelating ability (IC(50)=614.12±2.14 μg/mL), reducing power and radical-scavenging properties (IC(50)=137.22±1.98 μg/mL). These results suggest the usefulness of birch leaves extracts in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries for their skin-whitening and antioxidant effects. Determination of the polyphenolic compounds in BE extracts was afterward achieved by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. A total of 25 compounds were positively identified, through the complementary analytical information, and are reported in such a matrix for the first time. Knowledge on the qualitative composition and contents of these natural sources in fact represents mandatory information, for rational consumption and correlation of the beneficial effects to the specific amounts.  相似文献