转玉米PEPC基因水稻株系JAAS45的选育路径与技术   总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6  

李霞  高东迎  迟伟  张云华  周月兰  焦德茂 《江苏农业学报》2005,21(1):12-16

连续对转玉米磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶 (PEPC)基因水稻植株PEPC活性进行测定,选取PEPC为1 200μmol/mg·h以上的稳定的转PEPC基因水稻H7 代种质(命名为HPTER)为父本,以水稻品种 (系 )9516为母本,通过杂交获得F1 杂种,对其进行花药培养,获得 189个再生植株,其中二倍体植株占总株数的 65 6%。测定了71个株系的PEPC活性,鉴定出 3个株系:H137、H45和H119,其光合效率较对照 9516增加 18 9% ~25 1%,单株产量较对照增加 7 1% ~29 8%。对H45进行剂量为150Gy、250Gy、300Gy和350Gy的γ射线辐照,选育出生育期与 9516相近,重穗、大粒的株系JAAS45。本研究结果证明,通过定向选育的高表达转PEPC基因水稻种质HPTER,采用杂交、花药培养及γ射线辐照等方法,可以将玉米PEPC基因快速转移到普通水稻品种中,培育出高光合效率和高产的水稻品系。  相似文献   

四川桉树引种及良种选育   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3  

胡天宇 《四川林业科技》1998,19(2):7-13

我国从８０年代中期系统引入桉属优势种质资源,各地选择出适合本地的主栽种（品种）,并培育出多个改良品种,开始桉树无性系造林。在集约经营措施下将桉树人工林从８０年代前的６．０ｍ３／（ｈｍ２·年）提高到３０～４５年ｍ３／（ｈｍ２·年）。四川１９８６年以来引入了优势桉树种质资源５００余个种批号,通过栽培试验研究,选择出巨桉、邓恩桉、史密斯桉、直干桉、尾叶桉等优势种、种源、家系,建立了一定面积约１．３３万公顷示范推广林,革新和优化了四川桉树主栽种。本文还阐述了四川桉树良种选育现状和对策。  相似文献   

北红尾鸲繁殖生态的观察   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

史荣耀  张军 《山西林业科技》1998,(2):14-16

１９９６年—１９９７年的４月—９月,在山西省沁水县中村地区对北红尾鸲的繁殖生态作了观察。结果表明,该鸟在本区为夏候鸟,迁徙期为２月上旬和１０月下旬,种群密度为１．４只／ｋｍ２。营巢期７ｄ～８ｄ,最早５月１日产卵,窝卵数为４枚～６枚,孵卵期１２ｄ～１３ｄ,孵化率６９．３５％,巢内育雏１３ｄ,出巢率６２．９０％。繁殖期的食物,动物性的占９０．４７％,植物性的占９．５３％。  相似文献   

芦芽山自然保护区金雕的繁殖习性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邱富才  张龙胜 《山西林业科技》1998,(2):17-19

１９９５年—１９９７年每年的３月—９月在芦芽山自然保护区对金雕的繁殖习性进行了观察。其巢营建于悬崖峭壁的平台或凹处,呈扁盘状,巢高６０．１９（４０～９８）ｃｍ,巢深１６．２５（１３～２５．５）ｃｍ,内径５２．００ｃｍ×３１．２０ｃｍ,窝卵数多为１枚～３枚,卵的大小为７６（７１～７９）ｍｍ×６０（５７～６３）ｍｍ,卵重１４９（１４０～１５２）ｇ,孵卵期３５ｄ,孵化率为８３．３３％,雏鸟在巢内有相残现象。  相似文献   

Analysis of genetic variability of aluminium tolerance response in triticale     

Xianguang Zhang  Robin S. Jessop 《Euphytica》1998,102(2):177-182

Comparative analyses of genetic variability of aluminium tolerance response were made in a range of triticale genotypes of two sets, one consisting of six Australian cultivars (or lines), the other consisting of eight South African lines and an Australian check, by following solution culture and screening under controlled growth cabinet conditions. Results showed that Tahara, Tahara ‘S’ and Abacus were the most Al-tolerant triticales among the Australian genotypes in terms of root regrowth characteristics at 10 μg.g^-1 Al. The 19th ITSN 70-4, along with the standard cultivar Tahara was superior to all other South African genotypes; the eight South African genotypes spanned the range from Al-tolerant, moderately Al-tolerant to Al-sensitive. Regrown root length and percentage of seedlings with root regrowth were the two key indicators for screening and evaluating Al tolerance response. Considerable genetic variability of tolerance to Al stress among the two sets of tested genotypes was revealed by the estimates of genetic parameters. High heritability values were recorded for those two indicators, with associated high levels of relative genetic advance (RGA). Further improvement of varietal tolerance to Al stress in triticale could be anticipated through selection and breeding. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Combining ability for yield and plant phenology in plantain-derived populations     

A. Tenkouano  R. Ortiz  D. Vuylsteke 《Euphytica》1998,104(3):151-158

Genetic enhancement of Musa spp. has aimed at producing hybrids with high yield, short stature, fast crop cycling, and disease resistance through interspecific and interploidy crosses. Progeny testing for parental selection has seldom been carried out in Musa and little is known on combining ability and heterosis in this species. A 5 × 5 factorial mating design was used to estimate components of phenotypic variance in 4 x-2 x hybrid populations and to determine the combining ability of their progenitors for yield and associated traits. General combining ability was much greater than specific combining ability for these traits, and, therefore, only little recombinative heterosis could be expected upon crossing. Thus, the 4 x-2 x breeding scheme should aim to accumulate favourable alleles in 4 x and 2 x clones through recurrent selection. Such clones could be used per se or in crosses aimed at restoring the seedlessness character in the progeny due to female sterility in a triploid background. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Assessment of cytoplasmic effects of cytoplasmic male-sterile lines in upland cotton     

X. F. Zhu    X. D. Wang    J. Sun  T. Z. Zhang  J. J. Pan 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(6):549-552

Paired A- and B-lines, cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS)-lines and main-tainer lines, respectively, were crossed with R-lines (restorer) to produce A × R, R × B and B × R hybrids, which were used in 1993 and 1996 to predict the performance of three lypes of CMS cotton lines available in China. A significant difference in yield and yield components was revealed between paired A × R and B × R hybrids. This difference was greatly influenced by both CMS cytoplasm and the interaction between cytoplasm and nuclear genotypes. It is suggested that there are detrimental effects of CMS cytoplasm on yield and yield components. General combining ability of near-isogenic CMS lines was also affected by this negative effect. The detrimental effect was closely related to an increased number of immature seeds per boll, which might be caused by partial female sterility associated with CMS cytoplasm. The possibility of developing specific combinations of CMS Upland × Upland restorer hybrids that express enough heterosis for yield to overcome the detrimental effect of the CMS cytoplasm is discussed.  相似文献   

杨树抗寒抗旱育种的进展   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

段安安  张硕新 《西北林学院学报》1997,12(2):94-99

系统地回顾了国内外杨树抗寒抗旱育种的成果和进展。可得出以下结论：（１）杨树抗寒抗旱性改良基本上有两个途径：即选择天然杂种和进行人工杂交育种,而且人工杂交的育种成果远远多于选择随机存在的天然抗寒抗旱杂种。（２）白杨派树种的研究和进展远远落后于青杨及黑杨派树种。主要表现在杂交方式简单,以单交方式为主;选用的亲本有银白杨、新疆杨和山杨;在青杨及黑杨派树种的改良中,小叶杨是一个很好的抗寒抗旱亲本;（３）在杂交方式上由简单到复杂、从单交到多交（三交、四交）,抗寒抗旱改良和综合改良的效果随着杂交方式的不断复杂而愈来愈好。同时认为：在遗传工程、生物技术蓬勃发展的今天,杂交育种这一古老的方法仍是杨树抗寒抗旱育种最有效和最基本的手段;在已有的抗寒抗旱种质资源基础上,采用杂种作亲本,进行更复杂的杂交方式是创造杨树抗寒抗旱品种的一个重要方向  相似文献   

2000年茶业展望   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

陈宗懋 《茶叶科学》1994,14(2):81-88

茶是世界上消费量仅次于水的一种饮料。本文从宏观角度分析了世界茶叶生产和茶叶科学的现状,并对２０００年进行展望。全文分茶叶生产、育种、茶园管理、病虫防治、茶叶加工、茶与人体健康六个部分对此进行了讨论。  相似文献   

甘薯若干数量性状遗传参数和高淀粉高产育种策略研讨     

戴起伟  邱瑞镰  徐品莲  谢一芝 《中国农业科学》1988,21(4):33-38

根据4×6的NCⅡ交配设计,对甘薯淀粉产量、干物产量、淀粉率、干物率、鲜薯重等12个数量性状进行了配合力遗传效应分析,并对遗传力、亲子相关、回归和群体遗传变异系数等参数进行了估算。结果表明,所研究数量性状除结薯数外均以一般配合力遗传方差（Vgca）大于特殊配合力遗传方差（Vsca）,但其在遗传总方差中的相对重要性因性状而颇有差异。亲子相关和回归系数的估值与广义遗传力在趋势上基本一致。淀粉率组合均值和F#-1高淀粉个体分布频率与中亲值密切正相关。由于育种群体中鲜薯重的遗传变异系数大于淀粉率并对淀粉产量具有更直接的正向线性效应,因此今后甘薯高淀粉高产育种应更有赖于对鲜薯重遗传潜力的开拓和利用。  相似文献