Influence of selenium on oxidoreductive enzymes activity in soil and in plants     

Janina Nowak  Krzysztof Kaklewski 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(10):1553-1558

The aim of this greenhouse experiment was the assessment of the influence of H₂SeO₃ at soil concentrations of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹, on the activity of selected oxidoreductive enzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat plants were grown in 2 dm³ pots filled with dust-silt black soil of pH 7.7. Applied H₂SeO₃ caused activation of plant nitrate reductase at all concentrations, but activation of plant polyphenol oxidase at only two lower concentrations. The highest concentration caused inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Plant catalase activity decreased under the influence of 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹ concentration. After the final analysis Se was quantified in plants and soil. The amounts in plants were: control (unamended soil) 1.95 mg kg⁻¹; I dose (0.05 mmol kg⁻¹) 18.27 mg kg⁻¹; II dose (0.15 mmol kg⁻¹) 33.20 mg kg⁻¹ and III dose (0.45 mmol kg⁻¹) 38.37 mg kg⁻¹, in soil: 0.265 mg kg⁻¹; 3.61 mg kg⁻¹; 10.53 mg kg⁻¹; 30.53 mg kg⁻¹; respectively. Simultaneously, a laboratory experiment was performed, where the activity of soil catalase and peroxidase were tested after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days after Se treatment. Peroxidase activity in soil decreased with increasing Se content, over the whole experiment. The lowest dose of Se caused activation a significant 10% increase in catalase activity, but the influence of others doses was unclear.  相似文献   

The combined effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and selenium on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and ultrastructure in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) treated in the field     

Elena Valkama  Minna Kivimenp  Helin Hartikainen  Anu Wulff 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2003,120(1-4):267

The possible ameliorative effects of selenium (Se) addition to soil on the detrimental effects of enhanced UV-B radiation were tested on strawberry and barley during 4 months of field experiment in Kuopio, Central Finland. Control plants were exposed to ambient levels of UV radiation, using arrays of unenergized lamps. A control for UV-A radiation was also included in the experiment. Added Se, applied as H₂SeO₄, at the level of 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ soil (low dosage) and 1 mg kg⁻¹ soil (high dosage) increased Se concentrations in plants more than 10 and 100 times, respectively. After 4 months of exposure, strawberry and barley plants were harvested for biomass analysis. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured using the Hansatech FMS2 fluorescence monitoring system. Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure were observed by light and transmission electron microscope. Several effects of UV and Se as well as their interaction were found, mostly for strawberry, but not for barley, indicating species-specific responses. Our results provided evidence that the high Se concentration in soil had no ameliorative effect but increased the sensitivity of strawberry to enhanced UV-B radiation in the field. Under ambient radiation, Se did not alter leaf growth of strawberry, whereas under UV-B radiation, the high Se addition significantly decreased leaf growth. Strawberry runner biomass was affected by the interaction of Se and UV. Under ambient radiation Se did not change dry weight of runners, but in combination with UV-A or UV-B radiation the high Se dosage decreased dry weight of runners by about 30%. Although the high Se concentration positively influenced on quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in strawberry leaves, it reduced runner biomass, leaf number and ratio of starch to chloroplast area. This suggests that the harmful effects of the high Se dosage on photosynthetic processes occurred as a result of changes in activity or/and biosynthesis of enzymes, rather than alteration of PSII. At the low concentration, Se effects were slight and variable.Although barley leaves accumulated higher Se concentrations than strawberry, there were no apparent changes in their growth, biomass or chlorophyll fluorescence due to Se effect either alone or in combination with UV-B. However, at the ultrastructural level, an enlargement in the peroxisome area was found due to combination of UV radiation with Se, suggesting the activation of antioxidative enzymes, possibly catalase. Decrease in mitochondrial density in barley cells in response to Se might be attributed to alteration of mitochondrial division. Increase in the proportion of cells with cytoplasmic lipid bodies due to combined effect of UV-B and Se indicated the alteration of lipid metabolism and the acceleration of cell senescence in barley. Main UV-B effects were found, mostly at the tissue and ultrastructural level in strawberry, but not in barley, indicating species-specific susceptibility to enhanced UV-B radiation. UV-B-treated strawberry plants developed marginally thinner leaves with reduced ratio of starch to chloroplast area in their cells, suggesting negative influence of UV-B on photosynthetic processes.  相似文献   

饲喂中草药和微量元素硒提高蛋的营养价值的研究     

郁国  李家铨  陈志森  何世玉  朱汉民 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》1996,(4)

本项研究系应用中草药和微量元素硒配伍的特制预混料，对蛋鸡进行了３次饲养试验。试验结果表明，蛋鸡在饲喂了这种特制预混料后所产的蛋平均含硒量可稳定地由对照组的每枚４３μｇ，提高到１２０～２７５μｇ，成为一种富硒蛋。这种蛋经实验动物安全试验和人医临床试验，均无毒副反应。受试对象按规定量连续服用３个月后表现在血清硒、发硒的含量和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ）的活性均比服用前明显提高，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这些指标的升高表明富硒蛋可以方便、安全地补充人体生理需要量的有机硒．作者认为这种富硒蛋可以提高人体的免疫功能和抗衰老以及预防心血管疾病等作用，将为人们提供一种多功能性的天然绿色保健食品。  相似文献   

实验性猪缺硒病的病理形态学观察     

任凤兰  周民雄 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》1994,7(3):74-77

用低硒地区所产饲料作为基础日粮，以妊娠母猪和初生仔猪为实验猪，通过肉眼观察和组织学变化得知，硒缺乏病病理变化具有规律性。其中初生仔猪的骨骼肌具有全身肌肉群呈弥散性变性变化，主要特点是肌肉苍白呈鱼肉样。哺乳仔猪的骨骼肌，病变出现的肌群广泛，受害面积大，可为某一肌群的全部或某一肌群的某块肌肉出现灰白色条纹状病变。病变出现的范围不同，可能是不同月份的个体与硒的耐受力有关。  相似文献   

恩施碎米荠营养成分分析研究     

曹斌  邓国栋 《山地农业生物学报》2016,(2):76-79

为了研究恩施碎米荠营养成分水平,采用我国现行标准对碎米荠的茎、叶子、种子、种荚中蛋白质含量、氨基酸种类及其氨基酸含量、硒含量以进行测定。结果表明:叶子蛋白质含量高达17.8 g/100g、硒含量高达388.38mg/kg,氨基酸种类齐全,含量丰富。恩施碎米荠具备人体所必需的营养元素,具有极高的应用与开发价值。  相似文献   

硒、维生素B₁对雏鸡串珠镰刀菌素中毒的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵献军  曹光荣  汪昭贤  秦晟  谢毓芬  武碧霞  李国勤  董庆爱 《西北农业学报》1997,6(2):90-93

用含有串珠镰刀菌素７６．９８ｍｇ／ｋｇ的饲料饲喂１０日龄雏鸡，引起中毒和７０％的雏鸡死亡，全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ，血浆ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ、ＡＫＰ，丙酮酸，钾，钠均发生变化，加入０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ亚硒酸钠，死亡率降为４６．６７％，细胞膜损害较轻。加入２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ维生素Ｂ１，死亡率降为５０％，心肌线粒体数量增加，结果表明，补充硒和维生素Ｂ１可减轻串珠镰刀菌素对雏鸡的毒性。  相似文献   

植物硒的研究与利用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

罗世炜  张孟琴  吴永尧 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(14):4087-4088

硒是人和动物必需的微量元素,植物硒资源的状况直接地影响到人类的硒营养状况,植物将土壤中吸收的无机硒转化为有机硒,对植物具有重要的生理作用,有利于植物的生长发育,我国在植物硒资源研究利用方面取得了很多成绩.  相似文献   

硒处理对樱桃番茄果实发育的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王玉凤  徐暄  孙其文 《长江蔬菜》2011,(18):52-54

以樱桃番茄为材料,研究了6个硒处理浓度(0,2,4,6,8,10 mg/L)对不同品种樱桃番茄的富集性及单果质量的影响.研究结果表明,低浓度的硒(0～4 mg/L)对樱桃番茄的生长发育起促进作用,其中当硒浓度为4 mg/L时,樱桃番茄的单果质量最大,以红色樱桃番茄对硒的富集性最强,但高浓度的硒(＞4 mg/L)对其有一...  相似文献   

施硒对暗棕壤硒状况和森林蔬菜硒积累的影响     

崔晓阳  曹楷  郝敬梅 《土壤学报》2007,44(6):1111-1118

以培育富硒森林蔬菜为目标,在暗棕壤上进行了荚果蕨、小叶芹、小根蒜、婆婆丁等4种山野菜施硒试验。硒肥种类为亚硒酸钠,施硒量为0.10~10.00mg kg-1,直接施肥范围为0~15cm表土。经过一个完整的生长周期(1a)后测定土壤和植物硒指标。结果表明,典型暗棕壤对外源亚硒酸钠态硒具有较强吸收与保持能力,从低剂量至高剂量施入的硒有90%~70%以上仍保留在原施硒土层内;其中H2O可溶态硒占全硒的6.03%~3.78%,KH2PO4浸提的有效态硒占全硒的19.36%~37.54%,而且土壤全硒、KH2PO4浸提的有效态硒及H2O可溶态硒皆与最初的施硒量呈线性正相关。在土施强化供硒条件下,4种山野菜均能高量富集硒,其含硒量为对照的1.7~158.9倍;不同植物的富硒能力有差异,它们在递增施硒情况下高量富集硒的变化模式也各有特点。总体来看,山野菜含硒量与施硒量之间为非线性正相关关系,但在一定的较低施硒量范围内这种关系则是线性的,线性范围因植物而异;土壤的可溶态硒、KH2PO4浸提的有效硒甚至全硒等指标与山野菜含硒量之间亦均呈明显的非线性正相关,且施硒量较低时其关系亦表现为线性。初步得出,典型暗棕壤控制施硒是在近自然条件下培育富硒森林蔬菜并获取高富硒生物资源的有效途径;不过,强烈搅动的砂砾质暗棕壤却不利于硒肥保持和植物吸收,不适于富硒森林蔬菜栽培。  相似文献   

硒中毒奶山羊组织化学检查与病理变化研究     

李国勤  王建华 《畜牧兽医学报》1995,26(1):71-75

采用Ｄａｎｓｃｈｅｒ氏组织学技术测定了口服不同剂量亚硒酸钠中毒奶山羊的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏和大脑硒含量与分布状态；探讨了各组织器官局部病变程度与硒分布密度之间的内在联系。结果表明，中毒羊各组织器官，尤其是发生病理变化的局部组织均蓄积不同密度的反应产物；各组织局部病变程度与硒的分布密度有关，Ｄａｎｓｃｈｅｒ组织化学技术将组织硒含量与病理变化程度联系起来，为研究动物中毒病的一个实用手段。  相似文献