Changes in forest soil organic matter pools after a decade of elevated CO₂ and O₃     

Kirsten S. Hofmockel  Donald R. Zak  Kelly K. Moran 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(7):1518-1527

The impact of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) may be mitigated, in part, by enhanced rates of net primary production and greater C storage in plant biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). However, C sequestration in forest soils may be offset by other environmental changes such as increasing tropospheric ozone (O₃) or vary based on species-specific growth responses to elevated CO₂. To understand how projected increases in atmospheric CO₂ and O₃ alter SOM formation, we used physical fractionation to characterize soil C and N at the Rhinelander Free Air CO₂-O₃ Enrichment (FACE) experiment. Tracer amounts of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ were applied to the forest floor of Populus tremuloides, P. tremuloides-Betula papyrifera and P. tremuloides-Acer saccharum communities exposed to factorial CO₂ and O₃ treatments. The ¹⁵N tracer and strongly depleted ¹³C-CO₂ were traced into SOM fractions over four years. Over time, C and N increased in coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM) and decreased in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) under elevated CO₂ relative to ambient CO₂. As main effects, neither CO₂ nor O₃ significantly altered ¹⁵N recovery in SOM. Elevated CO₂ significantly increased new C in all SOM fractions, and significantly decreased old C in fine POM (fPOM) and MAOM over the duration of our study. Overall, our observations indicate that elevated CO₂ has altered SOM cycling at this site to favor C and N accumulation in less stable pools, with more rapid turnover. Elevated O₃ had the opposite effect, significantly reducing cPOM N by 15% and significantly increasing the C:N ratio by 7%. Our results demonstrate that CO₂ can enhance SOM turnover, potentially limiting long-term C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems; plant community composition is an important determinant of the magnitude of this response.  相似文献   

Compartmentalization of the soil animal food web as indicated by dual analysis of stable isotope ratios (N/N and C/C)     

Melanie M. Pollierer  Reinhard Langel  Mark Maraun 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1221-1226

The soil animal food web has become a focus of recent ecological research but trophic relationships still remain enigmatic for many taxa. Analysis of stable isotope ratios of N and C provides a powerful tool for disentangling food web structure. In this study, animals, roots, soil and litter material from a temperate deciduous forest were analysed. The combined measurement of δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C provided insights into the compartmentalization of the soil animal food web. Leaf litter feeders were separated from animals relying mainly on recent belowground carbon resources and from animals feeding on older carbon. The trophic pathway of leaf litter-feeding species appears to be a dead end, presumably because leaf litter feeders (mainly diplopods and oribatid mites) are unavailable to predators due to large size and/or strong sclerotization. Endogeic earthworms that rely on older carbon also appear to exist in predator-free space. The data suggest that the largest trophic compartment constitutes of ectomycorrhizal feeders and their predators. Additionally, there is a smaller trophic compartment consisting of predators likely feeding on enchytraeids and potentially nematodes.  相似文献   

地膜覆盖与施肥对秸秆碳氮在土壤中固存的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王淑颖  李小红  程娜  付时丰  李双异  孙良杰  安婷婷  汪景宽 《中国农业科学》2021,54(2):345-356

[目的]作物秸秆不仅含有较高的有机碳,而且含有丰富的矿质营养元素.秸秆还田是东北黑土地区培肥土壤和农业可持续发展的重要技术措施.然而不同地膜覆盖(简称"覆膜")及施肥方式下秸秆碳(C)和氮(N)在土壤中的固持特征还不是很明确.本研究通过定量分析秸秆碳对土壤有机碳(SOC)和秸秆氮对土壤全氮(TN)的贡献,探讨不同覆膜和...  相似文献   

基于稳定碳同位素技术的华北石质山区2种果农复合模式水分利用研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何春霞  孟平  张劲松  高峻  孙守家 《林业科学》2012,48(5):1-7

在冬小麦返青期、拔节期、扬花-灌浆期和成熟期4个生育期采用稳定碳同位素技术研究华北石质山区4年生株行距3m×4m的核桃-小麦和石榴-小麦复合系统以及单作小麦的水分利用。研究得出核桃间作小麦(WIW)、石榴间作小麦(MIW)和单作小麦(MW)的δ13C和WUE分别为-27.151‰,-26.788‰,-27.338‰和12.780,13.285,12.622mmolC·mol-1H2O。在整个小麦生育期,δ13C和WUE都以石榴间作小麦的最大。WIW和MIW的WUE在拔节期分别比MW显著提高13.84%和10.86%。产量和总生物量都是MW显著高于WIW和MIW。WIW和MIW的总耗水量为185.92mm和175.27mm,分别比MW(253.81mm)少耗26.75%和30.94%,间作系统可显著降低小麦的耗水量,比单作小麦分别减产26.79%和32.19%。产量和生物量呈正相关且两者都与耗水量呈显著正相关,但与WUE相关性不显著,表明小麦耗水越多形成的生物量和产量越多。核桃-小麦和石榴-小麦间作系统在果树的第4年果实收获与清耕果园差异不明显,间作小麦尽管减产但仍有较好的作物收益并且耗水少,可以继续发展林农复合系统,以最大限度地提高经济效益。  相似文献   

大豆RING/U-box蛋白Glyma.13G115900的克隆及其对非生物胁迫的应答     

张沿政  陈龙  李永光  李文滨 《大豆科学》2017,36(6)

课题组前期对干旱胁迫下大豆转录组的数据分析发现大豆Glyma.13G115900基因编码一个RING/U-box蛋白,其表达水平受干旱胁迫影响显著。本研究以垦丰16大豆为试验材料,克隆Glyma.13G115900基因。氨基酸多重序列比对表明其编码的蛋白与其它物种都具有高度保守的RING/U-box结构域。构建原核表达载体pET-29b-Glyma.13G115900转化到大肠杆菌中,Glyma.13G115900蛋白在大肠杆菌中能够表达。荧光定量PCR分析表明Glyma.13G115900基因的表达量受PEG、NaCl和ABA的影响显著,但基本不受冷胁迫的诱导。经PEG和NaCl处理后,该基因表达量与CK相比呈现出显著下降的趋势,PEG处理的表达量变化比NaCl下调的更明显;在ABA诱导下与CK相比该基因的mRNA丰度呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,在4 h表达量出现峰值,推测该基因可能通过依赖于ABA途径参与非生物胁迫应答。以上结果为进一步深入研究该基因的调控途径奠定基础。  相似文献   

Intensive organic vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated management     

Yi Zhao  Shuxia Wu  Roland Bol  Mansoor Ahmed Bughio  Wenliang Wu  Yecui Hu  Fanqiao Meng 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(2):155-168

Intensive vegetable production in greenhouses has rapidly expanded in China since the 1990s and increased to 1.3 million ha of farmland by 2016, which is the highest in the world. We conducted an 11‐year greenhouse vegetable production experiment from 2002 to 2013 to observe soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics under three management systems, i.e., conventional (CON), integrated (ING), and intensive organic (ORG) farming. Soil samples (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) were collected in 2002 and 2013 and separated into four particle‐size fractions, i.e., coarse sand (> 250 µm), fine sand (250–53 µm), silt (53–2 µm), and clay (< 2 µm). The SOC contents and δ¹³C values of the whole soil and the four particle‐size fractions were analyzed. After 11 years of vegetable farming, ORG and ING significantly increased SOC stocks (0–20 cm) by 4008 ± 36.6 and 2880 ± 365 kg C ha^?1 y^?1, respectively, 8.1‐ and 5.8‐times that of CON (494 ± 42.6 kg C ha^?1 y^?1). The SOC stock increase in ORG at 20–40 cm depth was 245 ± 66.4 kg C ha^?1 y^?1, significantly higher than in ING (66 ± 13.4 kg C ha^?1 y^?1) and CON (109 ± 44.8 kg C ha^?1 y^?1). Analyses of ¹³C revealed a significant increase in newly produced SOC in both soil layers in ORG. However, the carbon conversion efficiency (CE: increased organic carbon in soil divided by organic carbon input) was lower in ORG (14.4%–21.7%) than in ING (18.2%–27.4%). Among the four particle‐sizes in the 0–20 cm layer, the silt fraction exhibited the largest proportion of increase in SOC content (57.8% and 55.4% of the SOC increase in ORG and ING, respectively). A similar trend was detected in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Over all, intensive organic (ORG) vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated (ING) management.  相似文献   

Responses of surface SOC to long‐term experimental warming vary between different heath types in the high Arctic tundra     

Ji Young Jung  Anders Michelsen  Mincheol Kim  Sungjin Nam  Niels M. Schmidt  Sujeong Jeong  Yong‐Hoe Choe  Bang Yong Lee  Ho Il Yoon  Yoo Kyung Lee 《European Journal of Soil Science》2020,71(4):752-767

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Chemical Review of Gorgostane-Type Steroids Isolated from Marine Organisms and Their 13C-NMR Spectroscopic Data Characteristics     

Fahd M. Abdelkarem  Mohamed E. Abouelela  Mohamed R. Kamel  Alaa M. Nafady  Ahmed E. Allam  Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman  Ahmad Almatroudi  Faris Alrumaihi  Khaled S. Allemailem  Hamdy K. Assaf 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Gorgostane steroids are isolated from marine organisms and consist of 30 carbon atoms with a characteristic cyclopropane moiety. From the pioneering results to the end of 2021, isolation, biosynthesis, and structural elucidation using ¹³C-NMR will be used. Overall, 75 compounds are categorized into five major groups: gorgost-5-ene, 5,6-epoxygorgostane, 5,6-dihydroxygorgostane, 9,11-secogorgostane, and 23-demethylgorgostane, in addition to miscellaneous gorgostane. The structural diversity, selectivity for marine organisms, and biological effects of gorgostane steroids have generated considerable interest in the field of drug discovery research.  相似文献   

开垦草地对土壤有机碳库构成与来源的效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王百群  苏以荣  吴金水 《核农学报》2007,21(6):618-622

以广西西北部喀斯特地区的开垦草地生态系为对象,研究了草地开垦变为不同农田后对土壤有机碳库的效应。结果表明,草地开垦为农田后,土壤可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳及总有机碳的含量显著下降。自然草地开垦后,柑桔地土壤有机碳含量高于农作用地土壤。玉米与甘蔗轮作土壤有机碳含量高于甘蔗连作。13C示踪结果表明,柑桔地土壤有机碳中来源于草地的含量高于农田土壤;农田土壤有机碳中来源于草地的随种植年限的增加而降低。在玉米与甘蔗轮作的农田中,土壤有机碳中来源于玉米的高于甘蔗连作土壤有机碳中来源于甘蔗的。  相似文献   

雷公藤甲素对哮喘小鼠白介素13和嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子表达的影响     

何建猷  林晓明  盛青 《湛江医学院学报》2007,25(2):119-122

目的观察雷公藤甲素(TL)对哮喘小鼠肺组织中白介素13(IL-13)和嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子(Eotaxin)表达的影响,探讨TL治疗哮喘的作用机理。方法40只雄性昆明小鼠随机分成4组:正常对照组、哮喘未治疗组、地塞米松治疗组及TL治疗组,以卵清蛋白致敏和激发方法建立哮喘小鼠动物模型并给予相应治疗。24 d后处死小鼠,检测各组支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞总数及嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)计数;采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测各组小鼠肺组织匀浆中IL-13、eotaxin mRNA的表达量;采用免疫组化法检测各组小鼠肺组织切片中IL-13、eotaxin蛋白的表达水平;并探讨他们之间的关系。结果哮喘未治疗组小鼠肺组织IL-13、eotaxin mRNA及蛋白的表达量均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),TL治疗组及地塞米松治疗组低于哮喘未治疗组(P<0.01或<0.05)。肺组织IL-13蛋白的表达与BALF中的白细胞总数、Eos计数及肺组织eotaxin蛋白的表达呈正相关(r分别为0.513、0.604、0.625,P<0.01)。肺组织eotaxin蛋白的表达与BALF中的白细胞总数、Eos计数呈正相关(r分别为0.679、0.718,P<0.01)。结论TL抑制哮喘气道炎症的机制可能与其抑制肺组织中IL-13及eotaxin的表达有关。  相似文献