柳枝稷植被过滤带拦污增效试验初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙彭成  高建恩  王显文  高哲 《农业环境科学学报》2016,35(2):314-321

针对黄土高原严重水土流失引起面源污染与水资源紧缺的问题,在自主研发设计的坡地高效农业用水滤清系统基础上,通过6组不同雨强的模拟降雨试验,分析了不同雨强下坡地径流中污染物输出特征,研究了不同长度的柳枝稷植被过滤带对污染物的净化效果,并对植被过滤带柳枝稷的生产效益进行了评价。结果表明:坡面径流中泥沙和总磷含量随雨强的增加而增加,总氮含量随雨强的增加而减小,COD含量随雨强增加先减小后增加。3 m长和5 m长的柳枝稷植被过滤带都能显著削减径流中的泥沙和总磷含量,而两种长度的削减作用间无显著差异;5 m长过滤带还能显著削减径流中COD含量,整个过滤带对总氮的削减效果不明显。过滤带柳枝稷产量和品质均优于大田种植柳枝稷,过滤带内距径流入口越近柳枝稷干物质产量越高,过滤带柳枝稷单位面积干物产量提高29%,蛋白质产量增加53%,淀粉产量增加23%。滤清系统柳枝稷植被过滤带不但能有效拦截水沙和面源污染物,而且能够将所拦截污染物作为肥料吸收利用,高效利用水土资源,在黄土高原地区有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

Storm-generated fragments of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica from beach wrack – A potential source of transplants for restoration     

E. Balestri  F. Vallerini  C. Lardicci 《Biological conservation》2011,(5):1644-1654

The use of fragments detached naturally from Posidonia oceanica, a threatened seagrass protected by European legislation, as non-destructive alternative to removing cuttings from donor meadows for restoration efforts has been recently proposed. A 4-year study was performed to investigate whether storm-generated fragments deposited on beaches can be salvaged and used as transplant source. Specifically, we examined in outdoor tanks (i) how long fragments survive after detachment from parents, (ii) whether fragment survival and regeneration ability are influenced by morphological characteristics, i.e., initial fragment growth form and size, and (iii) whether a single fragment can be divided artificially to obtain more transplants. Finally, we monitored the first year survival of fragments lodged between rubbles of a submersed artificial reef 3 years after storage in tanks to test for their capacity to re-establish in the field. Four months after collection, fragment survival was high (80–96%). Half of the fragments regenerated and survived as long as 3 years in tanks. Initial growth form and size were not predictors of fragment survival or regeneration probability. Division of fragments allowed doubling transplant number. One year after transplanting, 50% of the fragments on the artificial reef were still present and ca. half of them produced new shoots. This indicates that fragments retain the capacity to re-establish once reintroduced into the field and thus could represent a potentially important transplant source. The use of this material could have major advantages over traditional restoration techniques, including large availability with zero impact on existing populations and low collection efforts.  相似文献   

副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型岳阳株对昆明小鼠淋巴器官损伤的研究     

邓治邦  潘荞  袁安文  王乃东  薛立群 《中国预防兽医学报》2011,33(1)

为探讨副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)对免疫器官的损伤,本实验将HPS血清5型岳阳株及其茵体裂解物分别接种昆明小鼠,结果显示:HPS血清5型岳阳株及其菌体裂解物,均能够引起昆明小鼠颈淋巴结细胞凋亡和坏死.组织病理学检测可见脾脏红髓扩张、白髓萎缩、淋巴细胞衰减;胸腺病变较轻,皮质部局灶性淋巴细胞坏死和散在性细胞凋亡.此外,免疫器官损伤与剂量相关,随菌量的增大病变更为明显.HPS血清5型岳阳株及其菌体裂解物对昆明小鼠淋巴器官有明显的损伤作用.  相似文献   

德国鸢尾新品种"魂断蓝桥"离体快繁的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张芳  董然  赵和祥  赵春莉  顾德峰 《北方园艺》2011,(9):146-148

以"魂断蓝桥"的花葶为外植体进行不定芽的诱导和继代增殖的研究。结果表明:将花葶分节点接种在MS+BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L中,其不定芽的分化率最高;在继代增殖过程中,把带芽量为4~5个的外植体接种在MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L中,继代周期为30 d,其增殖系数达到最大。  相似文献   

龙眼不同品种各营养器官多糖含量分析     

蔡英卿  赖钟雄  伍妙聪  陈义挺  李国清  龚丽芬  郑文炉  林秀莲 《中国生态农业学报》2007,15(4):86-88

分析比较了龙眼各营养器官之间、同品种不同结果母枝类型间、同品种不同植株之间、不同龙眼品种之间的多糖含量。结果表明:龙眼各营养器官皆含有多糖成分,且差异显著,依次为叶(4.575%)>新梢(1.928%)>枝条(1.644%)>根(0.918%);同一营养器官仅在不同成熟期的部分龙眼品种间多糖含量存在显著差异。  相似文献   

The impact of clonality on an endangered tree (Elaeocarpus williamsianus) in a fragmented rainforest     

Maurizio Rossetto  C.L. Gross  John Hunter 《Biological conservation》2004,117(1):33-39

The occurrence and distribution of clonality in the endangered rainforest tree Elaeocarpus williamsianus (Elaeocarpaceae) was investigated using SSR and RAPD analyses for 170 apparent individual trees found across seven sites. The results obtained with the two molecular techniques were in complete agreement in showing that single clones are present in most of the E. williamsianus sites with two genets occurring at the largest and most adequately protected site. In addition, seed production, viability and germinability were determined for four of these populations. Fruit were produced in all four populations tested although sterile fruit were very common. Only two E. williamsianus trees representing different genets within the same site produced viable seed. The overall genetic diversity within E. williamsianus is much lower than expected and thus the potential for sexual reproduction has been significantly diminished. It is concluded that habitat fragmentation removed an existing balance between vegetative and sexual reproduction in this species. Such findings have added urgency to the management of this species which could include a reintroduction program incorporating the collation of all clones within selected sites.  相似文献   

蜈蚣兰营养器官的结构研究     

沙志清  邵世光  许云华  林丽  沈洁  张雷  郑霞 《安徽农业科学》2015,(15):56-58

[目的]了解蜈蚣兰营养器官的结构特点。[方法]利用石蜡切片技术对蜈蚣兰的气生根、茎和叶进行切片观察。[结果]蜈蚣兰气生根的根被2~3层,细胞壁条状次生加厚;外皮层细胞1层,内皮层细胞壁六面加厚,均具通道细胞;初生木质部多元,后生木质部占据维管柱的中心。茎表皮的外切向壁具角质加厚,维管束在茎的中部总体排为2轮。叶的表皮细胞一层,外切向壁具显著的角质加厚,气孔的一对保卫细胞内陷,外侧1对副卫细胞的角质层与周边表皮细胞的角质层相连,并呈烟囱状凸起,中央留有一椭圆形开口;叶肉无海绵组织与栅栏组织之分。[结论]这些结构保证了蜈蚣兰能够充分吸收空气中的水分,并减少体内水分的散失,以适应附生生活。  相似文献   

吉林西部退化草地中羊草的生长率和异速生长关系的研究     

赵一赢  李月芬  郭冬艳  王冬艳  李晴宇 《安徽农业科学》2015,(24):206-208

利用吉林西部草地不同退化演替阶段中,羊草不同器官(根茎叶)生物量和各器官中C、N、P元素的数据,采用简化主轴回归方法验证生长率假说,并对异速生长关系进行.结果表明,随着草地退化演替的进行,在N、P元素限制下,吉林西部退化草地上生长的羊草不符合生长率假说.羊草茎中N、P呈显著的异速生长关系;羊草叶片中C、P以及N、P呈显著的异速生长关系,其余器官中C、N、P之间没有显著的相关关系.吉林西部退化草地中羊草的生长不符合3/4法则.  相似文献   

不同鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫机能影响的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

韩广金  杨桂芹  邹兴淮 《畜牧与兽医》2006,38(1):8-10

研究了鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫器官指数、血清球蛋白含量和巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数的影响。结果表明,鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠胸腺和脾脏指数影响不显著(P>0.05);但提高了老年雄性大鼠血清球蛋白含量,其中鹿胎制剂Ⅰ号组最高,比对照组高出62.64%,与其他各组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);鹿胎制剂Ⅱ号组和人胎盘粉处理组大鼠巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数与对照组相比有极显著提高(P<0.01),说明鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠具有提高免疫机能的作用。  相似文献   

银杏营养贮藏蛋白质的细胞学研究     

吴青霞  樊莉丽  彭方仁 《林业科技开发》2006,20(6):19-22

采用透射电子显微技术,对银杏的末端小枝和根中贮藏蛋白质细胞进行了超微结构的观察,研究结果表明:银杏营养贮藏蛋白质主要在枝条和根次生韧皮部的韧皮薄壁细胞和韧皮射线细胞中积累;液泡中的蛋白质主要以絮状、不规则块状、颗粒状和均一细沙状的形式存在;落叶期,银杏枝条贮藏蛋白质大量积累。2月底3月初,随着芽的萌动和新梢的生长,枝条中贮藏蛋白质首先被动用,根中的贮藏蛋白质积累和动用都晚于枝条。5月份,新梢中也开始积累贮藏蛋白质;内质网、高尔基体、线粒体与贮藏蛋白质的降解过程有关。  相似文献