除草机机构设计及除草效果研究     

张小丽  于国英  柴民杰  李江国 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(10)

[目的]研究设计一种新型除草机,提高除草效率,维护农业生态环境。[方法]对除草机的关键部件除草轮进行了设计,并对除草效果的影响因素进行了试验研究。[结果]确定了除草轮主要技术参数:相邻两齿的夹角α为22.5°、齿根宽L为60 mm、齿根过渡圆角r1为10°、刀齿前刀面圆弧r为400 mm和后刀面圆弧R为480 mm、入土角β为83°～88°、滚切刀中心离地间隙H为450 mm、刀齿后刀面圆弧中心离地间隙h为198 mm和刀齿前刀面圆弧中心离地间隙K为56 mm、刀齿的垂直长度M为80 mm、滚切刀的厚度δ为4mm。试验结果得出土壤含水率与相邻2除草轮之间的间距相互制约的关系。[结论]该滚切式除草机在土壤含水率为16.6%,滚切式除草机相邻2个除草轮之间的间距为60～80 mm时,除草效果好。  相似文献   

加工番茄分选线配套水力除草装置设计     

胡万超  坎杂  张若宇  于洁  殷章桃  马燕飞 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(36):22855-22857

针对加工番茄制品原料中杂草（主要包括果秧、枝叶和田间杂草等）剔除问题,利用加工番茄制品原料的水力输送工艺,提出一种基于杂草与加工番茄在外形特征和摩擦特性方面的差异来剔除杂草的方法,采用计算分析和样机试验研究的手段,设计了一种加工番茄分选线上的水力除草装置。该装置主要由水力输送系统、栅条分离系统和栅条滚筒分离系统等组成。通过对加工番茄水力除草装置吩性能测试和工艺优化试验,结果表明：当生产效率在30t／h左右,除草栅条角度为37°、距网带间距为200mm时,除草率达95％以上。  相似文献   

八爪式株间机械除草装置虚拟设计与运动仿   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

张朋举  张纹  陈树人  尹建军  李双  周恩权 《农业机械学报》2010,41(4):56-59

设计了一种适合作物株间作业的八爪式机械除草装置,采用Pro/E进行了虚拟样机设计,建立了除草装置的装配模型,利用ADAMS软件对该装置进行运动学仿真,得出在不同速比下的除草铲齿运动轨迹,通过计算得到除草铲齿与土壤接触部分的面积,并对每个铲齿的覆盖区域以及相邻铲齿覆盖的重合区域进行分析,确定的合理速比为λ=0.754,优化了装置的结构和运动参数.  相似文献   

扬州市直播稻田除草技术探析     

吉春明  刘建凤  陆玉荣 《商界．城乡致富》2014,(8):10-11

介绍了扬州市直播稻田常见杂草种类及发生特点，提出防除杂草应采取以农业防除为基础，即因地制宜水旱轮作、合理调控水浆、催芽播种等，并进行化学防除的综合防除措施。  相似文献   

Establishment of Inga edulis and Calliandra calothyrsus in improved fallow systems in southern Cameroon     

J. Kanmegne  L.A. Bayomock  A. Degrande  E. Asaah  B. Duguma 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,58(2):119-124

The adoption of planted fallow largely depends on the cost and feasibility of using the technology; easy, inexpensive and simple fallow establishment methods are known to greatly enhance adoption. It was the objective of this study to assess the effects of weeding regime on the establishment of Calliandra calothyrsus and Inga edulis on degraded acid soils in southern Cameroon. A combination of the two fallow species and two weeding regimes, weeding or not weeding, were compared to a natural fallow. The trial was conducted in two sites of different base saturation levels with four replications. The results indicate that differences between the two species and the two weeding regimes were statistically significant (p 005) on both sites for all measured tree growth parameters, as well as the residual effects on subsequent maize grain yield. Presence of weeds reduced stem diameter and height of C. calothyrsus and I. edulis at the early stage of their establishment. Weeding doubled the leaf biomass of both species. The highest woodmass was produced by Inga in plots with weeding treatment, with 48 t/ha of dry material. Tree fallow improved the yield of succeeding crops by twofold over the natural grass fallow. Weeding treatment improved maize yield, from 1.9t/ha to 2.8 t/ha after Calliandra fallow, and from 2.22 t/ha to 3.0 t/ha after Inga fallow. The significant effects of weeding treatments implies that fallow-improving tree species should be planted in relay intercropping for trees to benefit from the weeding of crops, thus reducing the labour spent on fallow establishment. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

侧柏水土保持林抚育技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯琳  宋西德  罗伟祥 《东北林业大学学报》2001,29(2):27-29

运用二次回归旋转设计法建立了2个可控抚育因子与侧柏水土保持林材积增量的数学模型，通过模型分析，提出了侧柏水土保持林综合抚育的优化方案，为侧柏水土保持林的合理经营提供了参考。  相似文献   

除草剂概述及玉米田综合除草技术探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘玉芹  赵国芳  温永秀 《河北农业科学》2010,14(8):127-128

对河北省常用除草剂进行了分类,重点探讨了玉米田综合除草技术,旨为大田玉米除草剂的使用提供参考。  相似文献   

乙氧氟草醚在杉木苗田除草试验的报告     

徐才生 《江西林业科技》2008,(2):46-48

乙氧氟草醚在杉木苗田中的除草效果与温度、光照、天气变化、土壤状况及杂草大小、种类密切相关。通过试验发现,选择在晴天、阴天,温度高、光照好、土壤湿润的条件下均匀施药能有效地发挥它的除草效果。  相似文献   

智能除草机器人研究现状与展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡炼  刘海龙  何杰  陈高隆  王志敏  王晨阳 《华南农业大学学报》2023,44(1):34-42

杂草控制是农业生产中必然面临的重要问题,随着机器人技术、自动化技术融入农业生产,各类除草机器人应运而生,有效地减少了化学药剂对环境的污染。本文综述了除草机器人的智能感知技术、机器人平台和除草装置3个部分的研究现状,分析了作物行与杂草识别技术、除草机器人平台结构和机械除草装置智能化控制方式等存在的不足,并从智能化感知、精准化除草、高效化作业和智慧化管理等4个方面对智能除草机器人的未来发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

Both environmental factors and countermeasures affect wild boar damage to rice paddies in Boso Peninsula, Japan     

Masayuki Saito  Hiroshi Momose  Tosaku Mihira 《Crop Protection》2011,30(8):1048-1054

Populations of wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) and reports of crop damage by them have increased in Japan. In considering strategies for damage control, it is necessary to quantify both the environmental factors and the countermeasures affecting damage. We surveyed damage by wild boar in 1540 rice paddies on the Boso Peninsula. We obtained environmental factors by GIS: distance from forest edges, rivers and settlements; overground openness; and human population density. We recorded the weeding and fencing practices as countermeasures. We constructed cumulative logit models using Bayesian inference to predict damage and assessed the importance of the simultaneous evaluation of environmental factors and countermeasures by deviance information criteria. The best model incorporated both environmental factors and countermeasures, indicating that both are important for predicting damage. It showed that weeding around rice paddies, electric fencing and corrugated iron fencing were effective at reducing damage by wild boar. The risk of damage increased with lower values of distance from forest edges and rivers, overground openness, and human population density, and with higher values of distance from roads. These environmental factors allowed us to identify high-risk cropland where countermeasures could be introduced to reduce damage.  相似文献