多枝赖草谷胱甘肽还原酶基因的克隆及分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

史仁玖  赵茂林  杨清 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,34(2):61-67

以盐胁迫处理的多枝赖草(Leymus multicaulis)植株新鲜叶片为材料,根据其他植物谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)氨基酸保守区序列设计简并引物,通过RT—PCR扩增到1个408 bp的cDNA片段(Genbank注册号为 AY781786);利用DNAMAN软件将5’和3’RACE获得的5’和3’端序列,拼接成1个全长1 580 bp的cDNA序列,其包含1个1 140 bp的开放阅读框架,该阅读框架编码380个氨基酸;多枝赖草谷胱甘肽还原酶氨基酸序列与其他植物的同源性为77％～92％,定量PCR结果表明,GR基因的表达随着盐胁迫时间和盐浓度的增加而加强。  相似文献   

水稻高产优质高效栽培的基础生理研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

周阮宝 《安徽农业科学》1992,20(2):109-113

本文对双季稻高产优质高效栽培途径与传统栽培法的生理基础进行了比较研究。结果表明,采用“双高一优”法栽培,水稻根系特别发达,对氮、磷、钾的吸收能力及根系过氧化物酶活力均明显优于对照;功能叶的碳氮同化协调,呼吸消耗少,谷粒灌浆启动快,速率大;尤以以下三方面的结果更具有意义。(1) 水稻每克鲜根的氧化力低于对照17.5%—36.1%。(2) 叶片的叶绿素b含量及叶绿素溶液在430nm附近的O.D值分别比对照高49%—68%,67%—106%,剑叶透光率较对照低22.2%。(3) 功能叶及根系的硝酸还原酶活力比对照低,表现出与高产耐肥品种一样的生理特性。此外,本文还对根系活力及其与土壤环境的关系,作物根系及田间杂草对改良土壤、提高地力的作用,提出了新的看法。  相似文献   

外源甘氨酸对镉胁迫下苜蓿幼苗生长和氧化损伤的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙弘  刘合刚  崔谨谨  刘小京  杨丽琳  徐进 《中国生态农业学报》2010,18(5):1022-1025

以苜蓿为试验材料,分析了甘氨酸处理对幼苗镉(Cd)毒害缓解的生理机制。Cd毒害降低了苜蓿幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,导致幼苗出现氧化伤害,如丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,伊文斯蓝(Evans blue)染色加深。甘氨酸处理提高了苜蓿幼苗SOD和CAT活性,降低了MDA的累积,减少了氧化伤害。Cd毒害还降低了幼苗硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,外源甘氨酸处理则显著提高其NR活性。施用NR抑制剂钨酸钠降低了苜蓿幼苗的NR活性,同时抵消了甘氨酸对Cd胁迫幼苗的生长缓解作用。表明甘氨酸通过提高苜蓿幼苗的抗氧化能力和NR活性,从而提高幼苗对Cd胁迫的耐受性。  相似文献   

氮磷用量对豫北地区小麦产量的交互效应研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张焕军  郁红艳  项剑  丁维新 《中国生态农业学报》2010,18(6):1163-1169

采用盆栽试验研究了氮磷不同用量与配比对小麦产量的影响,分析了产量与小麦不同生育期各生理指标之间的关系。结果表明:氮磷施用存在最佳配比,当氮磷肥用量分别相当于220kg(N)·hm-2和160kg(P2O5)·hm-2时,小麦产量最高。小麦产量与根系活力、开花期酸性磷酸酶活性和拔节期硝酸还原酶活性密切相关,根系活力、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性与小麦吸收的氮磷总量呈显著正相关关系。根系活力、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性随着磷肥用量增加而提高,随着氮肥用量增加先提高后下降,因此过多的氮肥施用通过降低小麦根系活力、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性等,减少小麦对氮磷吸收,进而降低产量。  相似文献   

Silencing of FRO1 gene affects iron homeostasis and nutrient balance in tomato plants     

Florinda Gama  Teresa Saavedra  Susana Dandlen  Pedro García-Caparrós  Amarilis de Varennes  Gustavo Nolasco  Pedro José Correia  Maribela Pestana 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(5):554-567

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Phosphate solubilization by Chryseobacterium sp. and their combined effect with N and P fertilizers on plant growth promotion     

Ajay Veer Singh  Ramesh Chandra  Reeta Goel 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5):641-651

The capabilities of soil microorganisms to solubilize phosphate have been known for many years, but their isolation and use as crop inoculants have met with little success. Thirty-five bacterial isolates were screened for their phosphate-solubilizing ability, and two of them, PSR10 and RGR13, identified through 16S rDNA sequencing as Chryseobacterium sp. PSR10 and Escherichia coli RGR13, respectively, screened for plant growth promotion in the greenhouse. Seed inoculation of Macrotyloma uniflorum (horsegram) by Chryseobacterium sp. PSR10 showed better plant growth promotion in sterilized and unsterilized soil under greenhouse conditions and was selected for a field experiment with 100, 50 and 30% of recommended doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Seed inoculation with 50% of the recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus increased plant growth (agronomical parameters, chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, phosphorus content and crop yield). We conclude that effective plant growth-promoting bacterium Chryseobacterium sp. PSR10 broadens the spectrum of phosphate solubilizers available for field applications and might be used together with 50% dose of nitrogen and phosphate.  相似文献   

Potassium nutrition and frost tolerance of potato genotypes     

C.A. Alvarez  U. Moreno  C.C. Black 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):353-371

Six potato genotypes were tested to evaluate the effect of K nutrition on frost tolerance by measuring electrolyte leakage from leaves exposed to various freezing temperatures. Potato genotypes were selected through the known range of low temperature survival tolerance within tuber‐bearing Solanum species. An experiment was conducted using a soil high in K; and then nutrient solution experiments were conducted in the open environments of La Molina. Commercial K fertilizers, at different levels, were unable to increase significantly the frost tolerance in a common potato cultivar grown in a soil high in K. In nutrient solutions experiments, with plants grown without any hardening process, we found that there is a genetically related capacity to respond through K nutrition to increase frost tolerance among potatoes. The common commercial potato, S. tuberosum, did not change significantly its freezing sensitivity when K nutrition was varied. But S. curtilobum, which is grown by low income farmers in the Titicaca Lake area of Bolivia and Peru, especially reduced its sensitivity to frost tolerance when submitted to K deficiency by as much as 1.5 to 2°C. Leaf free proline does not accumulate as a result of K deficiency but all the K deficient plants had lower amounts of free proline. The K deficient plants also showed a lower induced nitrate reductase activity.  相似文献   

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION DOES NOT ALLEVIATE SODIUM CHLORIDE-SALINITY STRESS IN VINCA [CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) G. DON]     

ANDREW D. CARTMILL  LUIS A. VALDEZ-AGUILAR  DONITA L. CARTMILL  ASTRID VOLDER  ALEJANDRO ALARCÓN 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):164-178

We conducted a study to determine if inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) would enhance the tolerance of vinca [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] plants to sodium chloride (NaCl)-induced salinity in irrigation water. Vinca tolerated salinity levels up to 40 mM. Chlorophyll concentration, proline synthesis, and total antioxidant activity were increased with saline irrigation, while leaf potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and boron (B) content decreased, suggesting a detrimental salinity effect. Despite the limited effect of increasing salinity on N content, NaCl-stressed vinca plants showed a marked decrease in nitrate reductase activity, which was associated with decreased leaf K and Fe total content. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in reduced growth when compared to non-AMF plants, regardless of salinity level. The K/sodium (Na) ratio decreased dramatically with increasing salinity regardless of AMF treatment. Suggesting, that the AMF isolate was not able to selectively uptake K and Ca, and avoid uptake of Na.  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND UREA FERTILIZATION WITH N-(N-BUTYL) THIOPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE AND DICYANDIAMINDE ON COTTON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY     

Eduardo M. Kawakami  Derrick M. Oosterhuis  John L. Snider 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1615-1639

The objective of this growth chamber study was to evaluate the effect of adding N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and dicyandiaminde (DCD) to urea fertilizer, on the physiology and growth of cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.) under normal and high temperatures. Treatments consisted of two day temperature regimes, 30°C and 38°C, and five nitrogen fertilization applications: unfertilized control, 125 kg ha^?1 of urea, 93 kg ha^?1 of urea, 93 kg ha^?1 urea + NBPT, and 93 kg ha^?1 urea + NBPT + DCD. The addition of NBPT to urea fertilizer had positive effects on leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, dry matter, nitrogen (N) uptake, and N use efficiency. The absence of a significant interaction effect indicated that N fertilization was not influenced by temperature. Deficiency of N significantly decreased leaf chlorophyll, increased glutathione reductase, decreased protein and increased leaf nitrate reductase. Physiological changes under high temperature included increased plant N uptake, glutamine synthetase, leaf chlorophyll, protein content, plant height and leaf area were due to high N uptake and utilization.  相似文献   

Nitrogen,Phosphorus, and Sulfur Nutrition in Broccoli Plants Grown Under Salinity     

Carmen López-Berenguer  Micaela Carvajal  Cristina Garcéa-Viguera  Carlos F. Alcaraz 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1855-1870

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. ‘Italica’) is a recognized health-promoting vegetable and shows a moderate sensitivity to salinity. As very little is known about the effect of salt stress on broccoli plants, the objective was to evaluate nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and sulfur (S) nutrition in plants grown under saline conditions. For this objective, the contents of nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate, and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, as well as related metabolic enzymes, were determined for plants grown with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for two weeks. Nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate concentration in leaves and roots showed a maximum at 40–60 mM NaCl. Up to these salt levels, broccoli plants showed a normal development, but over these salt levels, broccoli plants showed a decrease of nitrate reductase and an increase of the acid phosphatase. From 60 to 100 mM NaCl, the nutritional disorders indicated that the threshold of resistance was exceeded.  相似文献