NaHCO_3胁迫对碱地风毛菊苗期氮代谢关键指标的影响     

夏方山  董秋丽  董宽虎 《四川草原》2010,(7):18-22

试验对碱地风毛菊(Saussurea runcinata)苗期以NaHCO3进行胁迫,浓度为0(CK)、30mmol/L、60mmol/L、90mmol/L、120mmol/L、150mmol/L、180mmol/L,通过对其氮代谢关键指标的研究,以探讨盐胁迫对碱地风毛菊苗期氮代谢的影响。结果表明:NaHCO3胁迫下,碱地风毛菊中脯氨酸含量和可溶性蛋白含量增加;碱地风毛菊中NR活性下降,叶片中NO3-N含量下降,根系中NO3-N含量增加,碱地风毛菊对NO3-N的利用能力下降;碱地风毛菊中GS活性上升,碱地风毛菊生长氮素来源以氨态氮为主要供应形式。  相似文献   

甘蔗内生固氮菌液浸种对甘蔗生长前期氮代谢相关酶活性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

欧阳雪庆  罗霆  杨丽涛  李杨瑞 《广西农业科学》2010,41(5):416-418

为研究甘蔗内生固氮菌液浸种对甘蔗生长前期氮代谢相关酶活性的影响,分别用从甘蔗品种桂糖28号、新台糖22号、B8中分离获得的3种内生固氮菌及其混合液对甘蔗浸种处理,并测定与氮代谢相关酶活性指标。结果表明,接种甘蔗内生固氮菌对甘蔗叶片硝酸还原酶活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性具有普遍而明显的促进作用,而对谷草转氨酶与谷丙转氨酶的影响则因甘蔗品种差异表现出不同效果;巴西品种B8的谷草转氨酶与谷丙转氨酶活性显著提高,但固氮菌对本地品种桂糖28号和新台糖22号的谷草转氨酶与谷丙转氨酶活性影响不大。  相似文献   

苯甲酸对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾秀存  许耀照  李彩霞 《西北农业学报》2010,19(4):145-148

采用不同浓度的苯甲酸对2种两叶一心期的黄瓜幼苗进行处理,研究其对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,当浓度为0.5 mmol/L时,增加津杂2号幼苗叶片叶绿素含量;降低密刺王黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素含量;在0.25~1.00 mmol/L之间随浓度的升高,津杂2号和密刺王黄瓜幼苗叶片类葫萝卜素的含量、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性均不断降低,电解质外渗率均不断增加,津杂2号幼苗的变化趋势弱于密刺王黄瓜,这表明津杂2号较密刺王黄瓜耐一定程度的苯甲酸。  相似文献   

缺钾对黄瓜幼苗光合作用和氮素代谢的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋永涛  刘传兰  邵燕  朱玲 《山东农业科学》2010,(6):47-49

本试验以黄瓜幼苗为材料,研究了缺钾对光合作用和氮素代谢的影响。结果表明,缺钾显著抑制黄瓜的净光合速率和生长及硝酸还原酶活性,随着缺钾程度的提高,铵态氮含量升高,硝态氮含量降低。  相似文献   

Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes and protects chloroplast ultrastructure in heat-stressed cucumber leaves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yang Gao  Yan-Kui Guo  Shao-Hang Lin  Ye-Ying Fang  Ji-Gang Bai 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

To elucidate the physiological mechanism of heat stress mitigated by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) further, seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv Lvfeng no. 6 were subjected to two temperatures (42/38 and 25/18 °C) after pretreatment with 1.5 mM H₂O₂. We investigated whether exogenous H₂O₂ could protect chloroplast ultrastructure under heat stress (42/38 °C) and whether the protective effect was associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes. The heat condition disintegrated the membranes of 71.4% chloroplasts in the leaf cells and resulted in the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous H₂O₂. When H₂O₂ pretreatment was combined with the heat stress, the abnormal chloroplasts occurred at a rate of 33.3%, and the contents of MDA and endogenous H₂O₂ were decreased. Heat stress and exogenous H₂O₂ both increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2). The combined effect of heat stress and H₂O₂ pretreatment led to higher activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), GSH-Px, DHAR, MDHAR and GR in comparison to the heat treatment alone. We propose that exogenous H₂O₂ increases antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber leaves, decreases lipid peroxidation, and thus protects the ultrastructure of chloroplasts under heat stress.  相似文献   

Phosphorus ameliorates crop productivity,photosynthetic efficiency,nitrogen-fixation,activities of the enzymes and content of nutraceuticals of Lablab purpureus L.     

M. Naeem  M. Masroor A. KhanMoinuddin  Mohd IdreesTariq Aftab 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L.) serves as a good source of vegetable proteins in human diet. Its seeds and pods contain as much as 20–28% protein. Besides, it contains tyrosinase enzyme, which has potential use in the treatment of hypertension. Phosphorus deficiency causes a serious yield and quality constraint of beans at Aligarh, Western Uttar Pradesh, India. To address the problem, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of basal phosphorus application on the agricultural performance of this medicinal legume. The plants were grown in pots containing soil supplied with five levels of phosphorus viz. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg P kg⁻¹ soil as potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KH₂PO₄). The growth and other physiological attributes, leaf nutrient contents, nodule-nitrogen and leghemoglobin content were studied at 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing (DAS), photosynthesis and other related parameters were measured at 90 DAS and yield and quality attributes were recorded at harvest (150 DAS). Nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrate activities, leaf-N, -P, -K and -Ca contents and nodule-nitrogen and leghemoglobin contents reached the maximum extent at 60 DAS. At 90 and 120 DAS, the values decreased significantly. Chlorophyll content, carotenoids content, and photosynthesis were at maximum level at 90 DAS. At various growth stages, phosphorus application at 75 mg P kg⁻¹ soil resulted in maximum amelioration of most of the parameters studied. It increased the seed-yield by 38.3%, seed-protein content by 14.9% and seed-carbohydrate content by 5.0%, relative to the control. It was concluded that there was a hidden hunger of hyacinth bean for phosphorus owing to soil-phosphorus deficiency that was ameliorated effectively by its basal dressing at 75 mg P kg⁻¹ soil.  相似文献   

Biostimulant activity of two protein hydrolyzates in the growth and nitrogen metabolism of maize seedlings   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andrea Ertani  Luciano Cavani  Diego Pizzeghello  Elena Brandellero  Adriano Altissimo  Claudio Ciavatta  Serenella Nardi 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2009,172(2):237-244

Two protein hydrolyzate–based fertilizers (PHFs), one from alfalfa (AH) and one from meat flour (MFH), were studied chemically and biologically. AH and MFH revealed a different degree of hydrolysis and a different amino acid composition. The biostimulant activity was investigated using two specific and sensitive bioassays of auxins and gibberellins. Extracts of AH and MFH elicited a gibberellin‐like activity and a weak auxin‐like one. To improve our understanding of the biostimulant activity, AH and MFH were supplied to maize plants and their effect on growth and nitrate metabolism was studied. Both PHFs increased root and leaf growth and induced morphological changes in root architecture. Besides, the treatments increased nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, suggesting a positive role of the two hydrolyzates in the induction of nitrate conversion into organic nitrogen. Moreover, treatments enhanced GS1 and GS2 isoforms in maize leaves. The latter isoform, amounting to 5‐ to 7‐fold the level of the former, appears to be a superior form in the assimilation of ammonia. The high NR and GS activities together with the high induction of GS isoforms indicate a stimulatory effect of the two PHFs on the assimilation of nitrate. In addition, a role of amino acids and small peptides of the two PHFs is suggested in the regulation of the hormone‐like activity and nitrogen pathway.  相似文献   

三个水稻联乙烯还原酶基因突变体的比较研究     

王平荣  马晓智  李春梅  孙昌辉  邓晓建 《中国农业科学》2013,46(7):1305-1313

 【Objective】 The present study was aimed at investigating the differences of mutant phenotypes resulting from different mutations in base sequence of rice divinyl reductase gene OsDVR (Os03g22780), and evaluating application potential of this gene in rice breeding as a leaf color marker gene. 【Method】The yellow-green leaf mutants isolated from Indica rice variety G46B and japonica rice variety Nipponbare via ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to screen the mutants accumulating divinyl chlorophyll. Then genetic analysis, gene mapping and allelism test of the target mutants were performed. Subsequently, DNA sequencing of OsDVR gene in these mutants and alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of homologous DVR proteins were conducted, and leaf photosynthetic pigments, plant phenotypes and main agronomic traits of the mutants were investigated. 【Result】590ys and 525ys, two novel mutants accumulating divinyl chlorophyll, were obtained by screening 53 yellow-green leaf mutants isolated from ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. Their mutant phenotypes were all controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear gene and moreover, the mutant genes were all mapped on the chromosomal region harbouring the 824ys mutant gene reported. Furthermore, allelism test confirmed that the mutant genes of 590ys and 525ys were allelic to that of 824ys. So 590ys, 525ys and 824ys mutants were all OsDVR mutants. However, mutational sites of OsDVR mutant gene and their encoded protein product in the three mutants were different, which resulted in extremely significant differences of chlorophyll contents and compositions, plant phenotypes, main agronomic traits and yields per plant among the three mutants. Among them, 525ys mutant had slight yellow leaves, and its growth and development, main agronomic traits and yield per plant were affected relatively less, indicating that 525ys mutant gene can basically meet the requirements as a leaf color marker gene introduced into rice male sterile lines. 【Conclusion】Different mutations in base sequence of OsDVR gene could result in extremely significant differences of mutant phenotype and yield per plant. The OsDVR mutant gene could be applicable in hybrid rice breeding as a leaf color marker gene.  相似文献   

巴西橡胶树铁螯合物还原酶基因(HbFRO)的克隆及表达     

方佳俊  黎秀琼  罗红丽 《热带生物学报》2015,6(2)

在橡胶树转录组测序的基础上,通过RT-PCR方法扩增到橡胶树的1个铁螯合物还原酶基因,命名为Hb FRO。该基因包含1个2 217 bp的开放阅读框,可编码739个氨基酸的多肽。生物信息学分析结果表明,Hb FRO蛋白除了含有Ferric_reduct,FAD_binding和NAD_binding保守结构域外,还含有10个跨膜结构域;Hb FRO蛋白的氨基酸序列与木薯、蓖麻、杨树和拟南芥的FRO蛋白同源,同源性分别为85%,80%,73%和63%。半定量分析结果表明,Hb FRO基因在胶乳、花和叶片中的表达丰度明显高于在树皮和芽中的表达;当橡胶树受到炭疽病菌和白粉病菌侵染时,Hb FRO基因在叶片中的表达被明显抑制。以上数据暗示Hb FRO基因在不同组织中的表达存在差异,可能参与植物的抗病应答反应。  相似文献   

钙处理提高小麦抗旱性机理初探   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

商振清  李广敏 《河北农业大学学报》1989,12(3):16-19

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