放线菌HN20对黄瓜和生菜的促生作用     

王兰英  姚明燕  骆焱平 《贵州农业科学》2016,(1):98-100

为探究放线菌HN20菌株对黄瓜、生菜的促生潜力,通过培养皿法及盆栽法,测定不同浓度放线菌HN20发酵液处理黄瓜、生菜的各项生长指标。结果表明:HN20发酵液对黄瓜促生作用不明显,对生菜促生作用显著;100倍发酵稀释液能明显促进生菜各项生长指标,尤其能显著增加植株可溶性糖的含量,提高植株的根系活力。  相似文献   

用K-means图像法和主成分分析法监测生菜生长势   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李晓斌  王玉顺  付丽红 《农业工程学报》2016,32(12):179-186

温室植物生长状况的实时监测可为生产管理提供科学的决策支持.为开发实时监测中的机器视觉技术,该文选定生菜为研究对象,从单株和群体两个角度构建生菜生长势图像检测法.采集自然光条件下生菜整个生命周期俯视及侧视两类序列图像样本,并同步人工实测生菜生长势的动态数据样本,探讨生长势的图像检测指标与人工实测综合指标之间的相关性.对于单株生菜,通过CCD相机获取其投影图像及水平面两垂直方向侧视图像.就投影图像分割,为提高算法运行效率,将图像由RGB模型转换到HSI模型并提取H分量图像,再运用自动阈值法进行图像二值化处理,可测得单株生菜的投影面积.由于侧视图像背景较复杂,故联合使用K-means彩色图像分割法及伪彩色图像处理方法,获得生菜株高值.同时手工测量表达单株生菜生长势的叶片数、株高、x轴和y轴方向生菜植株的最大宽度、生菜植株某选定叶片的长和宽等6个指标,用主成分分析法从中提取出总生长势信息.将该值作为因变量,图像测得的投影面积和株高值作为自变量并进行回归分析.结果表明,模型的显著性检验概率均小于0.0001,除第4株生菜外,其余模型的决定系数均大于0.80,说明模型极显著且具有较高的拟合精度.对于群体生菜,预试验发现其侧视图像难以准确表达群体生菜生长势信息,故只考虑投影图像,其分割方法与单株生菜侧视图像相同.从中可计算得到群体生菜覆盖指数,再手工测量并算得群体生菜体积指数,以体积指数为因变量,以覆盖指数为自变量建模并进行回归分析.结果表明,模型显著性检验概率均小于0.0001,且决定系数均大于0.89,覆盖指数较好地表达了群体生菜生长势信息.故用图像检测获得的生菜投影面积、株高、群体覆盖指数等三项指标表征生菜生长势一方面具有科学性和可行性,在植物生长状况实时监测领域具有潜在的应用价值,另一方面,其图像分割方法和数据统计方法也可为植物生长状况实时监测等提供一定的借鉴和参考.  相似文献   

外源硝酸钙对水培生菜生长及矿质元素吸收的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何鑫  张存政  刘贤金  卢海燕  梁颖 《核农学报》2016,(12):2460-2466

为有效提高水培生菜产品的营养品质和矿物质含量,试验设置0.1%、0.3%、0.5%3个浓度硝酸钙进行叶面喷施处理,以喷施蒸馏水为对照,对不同处理下生菜生长、产量、品质及矿质元素吸收量进行统计分析。结果表明,硝酸钙叶面喷施处理诱导了SOD、POD、CAT活性的升高。硝酸钙处理28 d,各处理维生素C含量低于对照组,但差异不显著;0.5%处理硝酸盐含量显著高于对照,其他处理与对照组差异不显著;0.3%处理可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量显著高于对照。外源硝酸钙处理可增加叶片数、根长、根冠比,0.3%处理单株产量升高5.9%,可增加生菜地上部分磷、钾、钙含量,钙元素较对照升高最多,为30.8%,铁升高5.3%,镁下降3.2%。0.1%处理铁、镁含量较对照分别升高30.0%、20.3%。但随着处理浓度的升高镁、铁含量下降,0.5%处理较对照分别下降13.1%、1.1%。随着硝酸钙处理浓度的增加地上部锌逐渐从叶片转移至根,0.5%处理地上部分锌含量最低,为110.1mg·kg-1,较对照下降25.8%。综上,适当浓度的硝酸钙可增加水培生菜钙和部分微量元素含量,增加营养品质,施用过量会影响矿物质元素吸收平衡。本研究结果为指导水培生菜生产过程中应用叶面喷施硝酸钙形成高营养品质,提高微量矿物质元素提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

双螯合速效生态有机肥在生菜上的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡俊杰  金伊洙 《黑龙江农业科学》2013,(11):31-33

为了提高有机肥料利用率,以帝皇结球生菜为材料,研究双螯合速效生态有机肥在露地条件下不同施用量对生菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明：有机肥用量15000kg·hm。的处理对生菜产量和品质的影响最大,株高达到11．73cm、叶长为23．13cm、叶宽为19．60cm、叶片数为21．13片、叶绿素含量为49．107mg·dm。、单球重为543．0g、可溶性糖含量45．20g·kg^-1、每100g生菜中维生素C含量为138．0mg,其次为有机肥用量10000和20000kg·hm。的处理。  相似文献   

不同缓释肥用量对莴笋品质的效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李会合  李远翔 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,29(5):70-73

通过盆栽试验研究了不同缓释肥（SR）用量对莴笋产量和品质的效应。结果表明：不同施肥处理间莴笋产量有极显著差异。不同缓释肥用量处理提高莴笋产量32．3％～59．9％,以SR（M）〉SR（L）〉SR（H）,莴笋产量与缓释肥用量间存在二次回归关系（Y＝-10．7　x^2＋60．62x＋11．2R^2—0．9872）,缓释肥的增产效率以SR（L）〉SR（M）〉SR（H）．不同缓释肥用量处理提高莴笋叶绿素a、叶绿素a＋b含量和叶绿素a／b达38．9％～88．9％和20．5％～58．9％和6．3％～40．7％,增加莴笋叶绿素b含量28．7％～33．3％（SR（M）处理除外）。除SR（L）处理使莴笋可溶性糖含量降低32．7％外,不同缓释肥用量处理提高莴笋硝酸盐、Vc、可溶性糖和氨基酸含量达10．3％～27．0％,40．9％～151．7％,11．5％～19．2％和0．4％～61．1％。结合产量和品质来看,缓释肥用量处理中SR（M）是莴笋获得高产优质的最佳处理。  相似文献   

工厂化养鳖——蔬菜水培系统中氮素的转化利用          下载免费PDF全文

劳善根 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2002,28(3):314-318

工厂化养鳖废水加适量硝酸调节后,用于生菜水培系统可以取得良好的净化与利用效果.系统在25 ℃经2周运行,循环液中的总有机氮有85%左右转化为硝态氮,有9%左右被生菜吸收,CODcr与NH4+-N含量分别降至100 mg/L与20～30 mg/L以下,基本上达到排放标准.运行期间,生菜生长良好,重量增长率可达20%～25%.  相似文献   

PREVIOUS CROPS AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN LETTUCE: EFFECTS ON YIELDS AND SOIL PROPERTIES     

Rita Leogrande  Ornella Lopedota  Angelo Fiore  Carolina Vitti  Domenico Ventrella  Francesco Montemurro 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(13):1945-1962

The use of organic amendments in agriculture could sustain crop production and preserve the agroecosystem, due to their importance in the conservation of organic matter in soil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of differing organic fertilizers and of previous crops on lettuce growth, nutritional status and yields. The effects on soil characteristics were further investigated. The research was carried out during two years (2006 and 2007) at Metaponto (MT) in southern Italy, on lettuce crops cultivated after eggplant and melon to avoid their continuous cropping. The effects of application of a mineral fertilizer (MF), and of three treatments with organic fertilizers (commercial stable manure - OM; anaerobic digestate based on wine distillery wastewater - AD; composted municipal solid organic wastes coming from the separate collection - MSW) were studied. Head average weight, leaf area index, nitrate content and SPAD readings during the cropping cycles did not show significant differences among fertilizer treatments. On the contrary, marketable yield and head average weight at the harvest presented significantly different among the three organic fertilizers. The average marketable yield and head average weight of organic fertilizers experimental (AD and MSW treatments) decreased of 16 and 17%, respectively, compared to OM treatment. The previous melon crop influenced positively all analyzed parameters of the lettuce compared with previous eggplant crop. The previous melon crop reached the highest marketable yield with an increase of 59% compared with previous eggplant crop. Compared to the mineral fertilizer, the organic ones significantly increased the extracted fraction of soil organic carbon (6.9, 10.7 and 14.9% for OM, AD and MSW, respectively), without significant changes for the humic and fulvic content.  相似文献   

Plant Response to Copper Toxicity as Affected by Plant Species and Soil Type     

《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):379-392

ABSTRACT

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of copper (Cu) in clay loam and sandy clay loam soil. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were grown in pots for 45 d. When mature, plants were treated for 15 additional days with 0, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 mg Cu kg^?1 as CuSO₄·5H₂O. After harvest, Cu in soils and plant tissues was determined. In soils, applied Cu raised total and EDTA-extractible Cu. Results also revealed that the amounts of Cu extracted from sandy clay loam soil (80%) were higher than those extracted from clay loam soil (70%). In plants, increasing soil Cu concentration increased plant concentration of the metal. Plant species vary in their capacity for Cu accumulation: Lettuce has a relatively higher potential for Cu uptake and translocation than does spinach. Cu accumulation also differs among plant organs. In lettuce, metal accumulation is higher in roots than in shoots, where 60% to 80% of the total Cu of the plant is located in the roots. However, in spinach, there is no significant difference in Cu content between roots and shoots. The transfer of the metal from soil to plant is higher for plants grown on sandy clay loam soil. For a given rate of applied Cu, metal content in plant tissues is higher on sandy clay loam soil due to its higher transfer coefficient (C_T) from soil to plant. Nevertheless, all crops studied showed a positive linear relationship between extractible soil Cu and plant Cu.  相似文献   

Growth survey of crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in fertilizer trial by low-altitude small-balloon sensing     

Toshifumi Murakami  Fumitake Idezawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):410-418

Abstract

Both efficiency and precision of field-grown plant biomass survey are expected to be improved when aerial images of whole fields are acquired. Many such studies have been conducted in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Phasaeolus vulgaris), but few in vegetables. In this study, we examined whether or not aerial image analysis is useful for the biomass survey of vegetables. Aerial images of field-grown crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in a three-year fertilizer trial were acquired at head formation and harvesting stages in summer and autumn cropping with a compact digital camera hung under a tethered small balloon (2.2 m in length, 0.56 m³ in volume). The camera height ranged from 36 to 65 m, and the ground resolution ranged from 1.3 to 2.2 cm pixel ^?1. The horizontally projected area of the plant was measured as follows: Aerial images of the field were topographically corrected, the lettuce part was extracted based on the difference in color, the images were binarized, and the projected area was determined by image processing software. The estimation of fresh weight of one plant from the projected area was difficult because of the large data dispersion. When the averaged projected area in each plot was used, estimation was improved in some cases. Estimation of fresh weight at the harvesting stage by using the projected area at the head formation stage was difficult due to the low correlation coefficient. The results of factor analysis of fertilizer treatments by using projected area agreed well with those done using fresh weight when the correlation coefficient between the projected area and the fresh weight was high. It was concluded that the estimation of absolute lettuce fresh weight was difficult, but relative comparisons among treatments were possible until the head formation stage, using aerial images acquired by low-altitude small-balloon sensing.  相似文献   

A Soil Temperature/Short-Wave Radiation Growth Model for Butterhead Lettuce Under Protected Cultivation in Flanders     

Joost Salomez  Georges Hofman 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):397-410

The objective of this study was to provide Flemish greenhouse farmers an accurate growth model for butterhead lettuce, based on two environmental parameters, i.e. soil temperature and short-wave radiation. During two consecutive years, a total of 27 growth experiments were followed up, whereby head fresh weight (at a 14 d interval), soil temperature at 10 cm depth (on a half-hour basis), and short-wave radiation (14 d summation) were measured. Separate Gompertz functions, with either radiation or soil temperature as input variable, accurately modelled growth; but via a combined approach, an almost perfect fit (R² = 0.91) between measured and simulated head fresh weight was obtained. This modelling approach provides lettuce growers a tool for the quantitative estimation of crop weight in relation to changes in soil temperature and short-wave radiation. Weather forecast (radiation) and managerial decisions (soil temperature), now serve as the input data of a scientifically based lettuce growth model.  相似文献