Quantitative CT assessment of bone mineral density in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism     

Donghoon Lee  Youngjae Lee  Wooshin Choi  Jinhwa Chang  Ji-Houn Kang  Ki-Jeong Na  Dong-Woo Chang 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(4):531-542

Canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is one of the most common causes of general osteopenia. In this study, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to compare the bone mineral densities (BMD) between 39 normal dogs and 8 dogs with HAC (6 pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism [PDH]; pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism, 2 adrenal hyperadrenocorticism [ADH]; adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism) diagnosed through hormonal assay. A computed tomogaraphy scan of the 12th thoracic to 7th lumbar vertebra was performed and the region of interest was drawn in each trabecular and cortical bone. Mean Hounsfield unit values were converted to equivalent BMD with bone-density phantom by linear regression analysis. The converted mean trabecular BMDs were significantly lower than those of normal dogs. ADH dogs showed significantly lower BMDs at cortical bone than normal dogs. Mean trabecular BMDs of dogs with PDH using QCT were significantly lower than those of normal dogs, and both mean trabecular and cortical BMDs in dogs with ADH were significantly lower than those of normal dogs. Taken together, these findings indicate that QCT is useful to assess BMD in dogs with HAC.  相似文献   

Zinc supplementation strategies in feedlot heifers receiving an extended-release implant or an aggressive re-implant program     

Elizabeth M Messersmith  Emma K Niedermayer  Kara J Thornton  Grant I Crawford  Stephanie L Hansen 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)

Two hundred eight Angus-crossbred heifers (291 ± 23 kg) from four sources were used in a randomized complete block design. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of implant strategy and Zn supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, muscle fiber diameter, and mineral status of heifers. Heifers were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial study for 168 d, and factors included Zn and implant (IMP). Heifers were supplemented Zn (mg/kg dry matter [DM]; ZnSO₄) at national (30; NRC) or industry (100; IND) recommendations. Implant strategies (Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ) included extended-release Revalor-XH on day 0 (REV-XH; 20 mg estradiol + 200 mg trenbolone acetate) containing four uncoated pellets and six coated pellets or the uncoated implant Revalor-200 on day 0 and again on day 91 (REV-200; 20 mg estradiol + 200 mg trenbolone acetate). Heifers were blocked by weight within source to pens of five or six heifers per pen (nine pens per treatment). A corn silage-based diet was fed during the growing period (days 0–55) followed by transition to a corn-based finishing diet. Weights were taken consecutively on days −1/0, 55/56, and 167/168. Liver and muscle from the longissimus thoracis were collected from one heifer per pen on days −5, 14, 105, and 164. Data were analyzed via Mixed Procedure of SAS. Average daily gain (ADG) and liver mineral used Period as the repeated effect. Corresponding to periods of high hormone payout from each implant, days 0–28 and 91–120 ADG were greatest for REV-200, whereas REV-XH numerically peaked during days 56–91 (IMP × Period; P = 0.02). Day 91 IND body weight tended to be heavier (P = 0.06) and day 120 body weight was heavier (P = 0.05) than NRC heifers. No effect of Zn or IMP on final body weight was observed (P ≥ 0.21). Muscle fiber cross-sectional diameter on day 164 was greater (P = 0.05) in IND than NRC. Liver Mn concentrations decreased by day 14 regardless of implant, though days 105 and 164 concentrations were lesser for REV-200 than REV-XH (IMP × Period; P = 0.02). No effects of Zn, IMP, or the interaction were observed for carcass-adjusted gain to feed, days 0–168 DM intake, hot carcass weight, or ribeye area (P ≥ 0.11). The nominal differences in performance between implant strategies suggest that extended-release implants may be an effective implant strategy to replace re-implant programs in heifers, whereas the improved performance of heifers fed IND vs. NRC during times of peak hormone payout suggests a role for Zn in periods of rapid growth.  相似文献   

氮水平对雪菊幼苗中黄酮类化合物和矿质营养累积的影响     

李志元  江虹  马艳  姜秀梅  张力方  梁志国  王泽鹏  唐亮  梁肖  秦勇 《中国农业科技导报》2022,24(9):208-216

为探讨氮素水平对雪菊幼苗中黄酮类化合物和矿质营养累积的影响,以采自新疆皮山县克里阳乡的雪菊种子为供试材料,分别设置0（N1）、0.625（N2）、1.250（N3）、2.500（N4）、和5.000（N5）mmol·L^-1Ca（NO₃）₂ 共5个氮素水平处理雪菊幼苗,对雪菊的形态指标、矿质元素含量、黄酮类物质含量及关键酶活性进行测定分析。结果表明,随着氮素施用水平的增加,雪菊幼苗植株的碳/氮呈下降趋势,根、茎、叶中矿质元素含量发生显著变化。黄酮类化合物在较低氮素水平（N1、N2和N3处理）时含量较高,与苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂酸4-羟化酶、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶、查尔酮合成酶活性密切相关。相关分析表明,雪菊植株内部矿质营养平衡对黄酮类化合物的积累有显著影响,特别是植株体内钾、钙、铜和铁元素的含量。综上所述,氮素的有效性及植株内部矿质营养的平衡可显著影响雪菊黄酮类物质的积累,为改善雪菊黄酮类化合物的积累及建立雪菊最佳种植策略提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

叶施谷胱甘肽对水稻镉和矿质元素含量的影响     

刘雅萍  王常荣  任兴华  刘月敏  黄永春  刘仲齐  张长波 《农业环境科学学报》2022,41(9):1864-1874

为评估还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）作为水稻降Cd叶面调理剂的可行性,本研究通过田间试验,检测开花期叶面喷施一次GSH对水稻各器官Cd和矿质元素含量的影响,并结合各元素在水稻不同器官中的分布情况,探究GSH抑制水稻体内Cd转运的作用机制。结果表明：开花期叶面喷施GSH可显著降低水稻籽粒中Cd含量,最高降幅可达76.5%,使稻米Cd含量由0.449 mg·kg^-1降至我国食品安全标准（0.2 mg·kg^-1）以内,并提高了稻米中K、Mg、Ca和Mn的含量。喷施GSH后水稻各营养器官的Cd含量均显著降低,降幅为68.8%~86.7%;同时,不同器官中K、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn和Zn的含量也有不同程度的升高或降低。不同相邻器官之间的元素转移系数显示,叶面喷施GSH分别提高了Cd和Zn从第二节间到穗下节的转移系数,增幅可达46.2%和134.4%,降低了Cd和Zn从穗下节到旗叶的转移系数,降幅分别为44.5%和32.2%,并降低了Cd从穗下节继续向上到穗颈的转运系数,降幅可达31.4%。相关性分析发现,不同处理组水稻第二节及以上营养器官中,Zn含量与Cd含量相关系数最高,为0.809,为极强正相关（P<0.001）。由此可见,喷施GSH不但降低了水稻各器官中Cd含量,而且能够通过调控穗下节与其相连营养器官——穗颈、第二节间和旗叶之间的Cd转运,提高水稻自身主要Cd阻控器官——穗下节对Cd的拦截能力,进而抑制Cd向籽粒的转运和积累。同时,喷施GSH也提高了水稻穗下节对Zn的固定能力,改变了水稻不同营养器官中6种矿质元素的含量和分布,其中Zn与Cd的相关性最高,并最终提高了稻米中K、Mg、Ca和Mn的含量。  相似文献   

Vaccine-associated granulomatous inflammation and melanin accumulation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., white muscle     

Koppang EO  Haugarvoll E  Hordvik I  Aune L  Poppe TT 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(1):13-22

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of variably sized pigmented foci encountered in fillets of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. The material was sampled on the fillet production line and on salmon farms from fish with an average size of 3 kg from various producers. The fish had been routinely vaccinated by injection. Gross pathology, histology, immunohistochemistry using antisera against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II beta chain and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the changes. Macroscopically, melanized foci were seen penetrating from the peritoneum deep into the abdominal wall, sometimes right through to the skin, and also embedded in the caudal musculature. Histological investigation revealed muscle degeneration and necrosis, fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation containing varying numbers of melano-macrophages. Vacuoles, either empty or containing heterogeneous material, were frequently seen. The presence of abundant MHC class II+ cells indicated an active inflammatory condition. TEM showed large extracellular vacuoles and leucocytes containing homogeneous material of lipid-like appearance. The results showed that the melanized foci in Atlantic salmon fillet resulted from an inflammatory condition probably induced by vaccination. The described condition is not known in wild salmon and in farmed salmon where injection vaccination is not applied.  相似文献   

土壤水分胁迫对花生品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李美  ;张智猛  ;丁红  ;慈敦伟  ;戴良香  ;杨吉顺  ;李尚霞 《花生学报》2014,(1):28-32

土壤水分胁迫对花生脂肪、蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉和脂肪酸组成等品质的影响研究结果表明,水分胁迫使籽仁中可溶性糖、蛋白质、亚油酸、山嵛酸和二十四烷酸含量升高,脂肪、棕榈酸和油酸/亚油酸比值降低,淀粉含量的变化因品种的不同表现或升高或降低;水分胁迫使籽仁中大量矿质元素P、K和Na的含量以及微量元素Mn的含量均升高,其余矿质元素含量与土壤水分胁迫的关系因花生品种的不同而不同;水分胁迫使花生对水分的利用效率提高。  相似文献   

潮土长期不同施氮水平对秸秆降解及其细菌群落结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李敬王  陈林  马东豪  张丛志  张佳宝 《土壤学报》2022,59(5):1359-1368

农田过量施氮所引发的问题已经引起广泛关注,但长期施氮后土壤无机氮水平状况及其对秸秆降解的作用尚不清楚。本研究以中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站长期（2005～2018年）施氮肥（5个施氮水平：0(N0)、150(N1)、190(N2)、,230(N3)和270 (N4)kg ha-1 yr-1）的潮土为研究对象,开展短期（50天）的秸秆降解-土壤培育实验。培育期间监测秸秆碳的矿化、土壤无机氮（硝态氮和铵态氮）、可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳的动态变化,利用高通量测序测定细菌群落结构。结果表明,长期施氮后,土壤无机氮含量和秸秆碳的矿化率随施氮水平的升高而增加。不同长期施氮水平的土壤细菌群落结构呈现显著差异。网络分析揭示：秸秆降解过程中细菌群落内部物种间的共现模式随长期施氮水平发生改变,具体体现为长期高施氮水平下细菌群落彼此间的负相关得到了加强;同时,变形菌主导地位减弱、酸杆菌主导地位增强。综上,土壤无机氮含量、细菌群落结构及物种之间的关系随着长期施氮水平的不同发生了改变。本研究探究了长期不同施氮水平下土壤中无机氮的水平状况、秸秆降解状况以及秸秆降解过程中土壤细菌的生物特性,以期为秸秆还田和科学施氮提供一定的数据支撑和思路启示。  相似文献   

Effect of indaziflam on microbial activity and nitrogen cycling processes in an orchard soil     

Amir M. GONZ&#;LEZ-DELGADO  Pierre-Andr&#; JACINTHE  Manoj K. SHUKLA 《土壤圈》2022,32(6):803-811

Indaziflam is a preemergent herbicide widely used for the control of weeds in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) orchards in the southwestern region of the United States. Given the paucity of data regarding the effect of indaziflam on the biochemical properties of soils supporting pecan production, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different application rates of indaziflam on soil microbial activity, diversity, and biochemical processes related to nitrogen (N) cycling. During two consecutive growing seasons (2015 and 2016), soil samples were obtained from experimental mesocosms consisting of soil-filled pots where pecan saplings were grown and treated with indaziflam applied at two different rates (25 and 50 g active ingredient (ai) ha^-1, with the higher rate being slightly lower than the recommended field application rate of 73.1 g ai ha^-1). Soil samples were collected approximately one week before and one week after herbicide application for determination of soil microbial biomass and diversity, N mineralization, and β-glucosaminidase activity. Soil samples collected from the control mesocosms without herbicide application were treated in the laboratory with two rates of indaziflam (75 and 150 g ai ha^-1) to determine the immediate effect on microbial activity. No significant effect of herbicide treatment on soil respiration and microbial biomass was detected. The results showed a slight to moderate decrease in microbial diversity (7% in 2015 and 44% in 2016). However, decreased β-glucosaminidase activity with herbicide treatment was observed in soils from the mesocosms (33%) and soils treated with indaziflam in the laboratory (45%). The mineral N pool was generally dominated by ammonium after indaziflam application, which was consistent with the drastic decrease (75%) in nitrification activity measured in the laboratory experiment. The results of this study indicate that indaziflam, even when applied at higher than recommended rates, has limited effects on soil microbial activity, but may affect N cycling processes.  相似文献   

不同木薯种质资源主要矿物质元素差异性分析     

王思琦  宋记明  曹敏  王睿  唐丽  张瑞  田容至  吴金山  张肖飞  陈银华 《热带作物学报》2022,43(8):1577-1586

为了解不同木薯种质资源矿物质元素含量,优选含量丰富的品种,为木薯的综合利用提供数据支撑,本文采用马弗炉法、原子吸收和原子荧光法分别对113份木薯种质资源灰分与矿物质元素含量进行测定,结果表明：矿物质元素Cr、Cu、Se含量均低于1 mg/kg（干重）,Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Zn含量分别为66.39~1609.81 mg/kg、4.35~ 38.93 mg/kg、1954.56~8762.78 mg/kg、149.04~1143.73 mg/kg、4.48~37.40 mg/kg、36.80~530.40 mg/kg、6.35~24.83 mg/kg。利用概率分级法将113份木薯种质资源灰分及矿物质元素含量分为5级,即极高、高、中、低和极低,并推荐极高品系作为基础亲本材料。在相关性分析中,灰分与Fe、Mg、Na、Zn含量具有较为显著的相关性,Ca含量与K、Mn含量呈极显著正相关,Ca含量与Mg、Na含量呈极显著负相关,Fe含量与Mg、Na、Zn含量成极显著正相关,K含量与Mn含量呈极显著正相关,与Na含量呈极显著负相关,Mg含量与Na、Zn含量呈极显著正相关,Zn含量与Mn、Na含量呈极显著正相关。Zn与各矿物质元素的吸收有较强的相互促进作用,Fe含量与Mg、Na含量有较强的相互促进作用,Ca含量与K、Mn的吸收有较强的促进作用,而Ca、K、Mn与Fe、Mg、Na的吸收可能存在一定的拮抗作用。结合主成分分析、聚类分析对不同木薯种质资源矿物质元素含量进行综合评价,得到特征值大于1的主成分2个,累计方差贡献率达61.707%。聚类分析可将113个木薯种质资源分为3类,根据矿物质元素含量差异可将不同木薯品种分为Na、Mg、Zn、Fe含量较高和Mn、Ca、K、Zn含量较高两大类,主成分综合评价中‘274'‘50'‘571'‘521'‘417'等木薯种质资源得分较高。  相似文献   

Soil CO2 and N2O Emissions in Maize Growing Season Under Different Fertilizer Regimes in an Upland Red Soil Region of South China     

ZHANG Xu-bo  WU Lian-hai  SUN Nan  DING Xue-shan  LI Jian-wei  WANG Bo-ren  LI Dong-chu 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(3):604-614

Upland red soils have been identified as major CO2 and N2O sources induced by human activities such as fertilization. To monitor characteristics of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes in cropland ecosystems after continuous fertilizer applications over decades and to separate the respective contributions of root and heterotrophic respiration to the total soil CO2 and N2O fluxes, the measurements of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes throughout the maize growing season in 2009 were carried out based on a fertilization experiment （from 1990） through of the maize （Zea mays L.） growing season in red soil in southern China. Five fertilization treatments were chosen from the experiment for study： zero-fertilizer application （CK）, nitrogen-phosphorus- potassium （NPK） fertilizer application only, pig manure （M）, NPK plus pig manure （NPKM） and NPK with straw （NPKS）. Six chambers were installed in each plot. Three of them are in the inter-row soil （NR） and the others are in the soil within the row （R）. Each fertilizer treatment received the same amount of N （300 kg ha-1 yr-1）. Results showed that cumulative soil CO2 fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS〉M, NPKM〉NPK〉CK. The contributions of root respiration to soil CO2 fluxes was 40, 44, 50, 47 and 35% in CK, NPK, NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, with the mean value of 43%. Cumulative soil N2O fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS, NPKM〉M〉NPK〉CK, and soil N2O fluxes in R were 18, 20 and 30% higher than that in NR in NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, but with no difference between NR and R in NPK treatment. Furthermore, combine with soil temperature at -5 cm depth and soil moisWxe （0-20 cm） together could explain 55-70% and 42-59% of soil CO2 and N2O emissions with root interference and 62- 78% and 44-63% of that without root interference, respectively. In addition, soil CO2 and N2O flUXeS per unit yield in NPKM （0.55 and 0.10 kg C t^-1） and M （0.65 and 0.13 g N t^-1） treatments were lower than those in other treatments. Therefore, manure application could be a preferred fertilization strategy in red soils in South China.  相似文献