不同熟期夏玉米品种生长发育特性与产量形成的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵继玉  任佰朝  赵斌  刘鹏  张吉旺 《中国农业科学》2021,54(1):46-57

【目的】研究不同熟期夏玉米品种生长发育特性与产量形成的关系,以期为早熟、高产、适应机械粒收的玉米新品种的筛选提供理论依据。【方法】2017年以早熟玉米品种登海518（DH518）、衡早8号（HZ8）和中晚熟玉米品种登海605（DH605）、郑单958（ZD958）为试验材料,2018年以早熟玉米品种登海518（DH518）、京农科728（JNK728）和中晚熟玉米品种登海605（DH605）、郑单958（ZD958）为试验材料,种植密度为75 000株/hm²,研究玉米生长发育过程中的叶片建成规律、穗部发育特性以及各生育阶段对光温需求的差异。【结果】不同熟期夏玉米品种各生育阶段的光温需求大小表现为吐丝期（R1）—生理成熟期（R6）>出苗期（VE）—吐丝期（R1）>播种期（sowing）—出苗期（VE）。不同品种花后对积温的需求高于花前,中晚熟和早熟夏玉米品种对积温需求的差异主要在拔节期—吐丝期,具体表现为第9—16片叶建成期;花后对积温的需求品种间差异不显著。相关性分析表明,不同熟期夏玉米品种的产量与穗位高、穗高系数呈极显著正相关关系。不同熟期夏玉米品种的雄穗发育特性不同,晚熟品种的雄穗长度显著低于早熟品种,但晚熟品种的雄穗分枝数、雄穗总小花数、小花败育率、有效小花数显著高于早熟品种;而雌穗分化到籽粒形成受品种基因型影响较大。【结论】不同熟期夏玉米品种生长发育特性具有较大差异,在75 000株/hm²条件下,中晚熟品种的产量显著高于早熟品种;植株总叶片数较少,拔节期—吐丝期所需时间短,后期脱水速率快是早熟宜机收玉米品种的典型特征。  相似文献   

龟纹瓢虫生殖系统及卵子发生观察     

刘志伟  钟国辉  王永跃  王兴民  毕可可 《广东农业科学》2021,48(6):101-106

【目的】龟纹瓢虫捕食蚜虫、粉虱、木虱等多种害虫,是农林业重要天敌昆虫。掌握龟纹瓢虫雌雄内生殖系统结构及卵细胞生成过程,为龟纹瓢虫人工繁育提供理论依据。【方法】采用组织石蜡切片技术和内部解剖,在光学显微镜下观察龟纹瓢虫雌雄成虫内生殖器及卵子发生过程。【结果】龟纹瓢虫雄性内生殖系统包括1对精巢、1对雄性附腺、1对输精管、贮精囊、射精管;雌性内生殖系统包括1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊、生殖腔,每侧卵巢含11~13根卵巢管;卵巢管生长区可见4粒发育程度不同的卵母细胞,根据卵黄沉淀情况、滤泡细胞形态变化将卵子发生划分为前期、中期、后期、末期4个时期。【结论】卵巢结构、卵巢管和卵母细胞数量有助于解释龟纹瓢虫产卵量,不适宜的饲养条件可能抑制卵巢发育,进而导致龟纹瓢虫产卵量发生变化。因此,为实现龟纹瓢虫的规模化应用,人工繁育中应创造最优营养和环境条件以保障产生更多成熟卵细胞。  相似文献   

不同断奶日龄对奶公犊生长性能和体尺指标的影响     

王宝地 《饲料与畜牧》2014,(1):35-37

30头新生荷斯坦奶公犊出生日期和体重相近,随机分成6组,对照组按常规饲喂鲜牛奶,60日龄断奶;各试验组分别于10、20、30、40和50日龄断奶,试验期为60d。结果表明:试验结束时,20日龄断奶组、30日龄断奶组的体重、平均日增重均显著高于对照组,40日龄断奶组、50日龄断奶组与对照组间无明显差异;各试验组犊牛与对照组在体长和体斜长上无显著差异。  相似文献   

Changes in estrogen receptor expression in the chick thymus during late embryonic development     

Masafumi Katayama  Tomokazu Fukuda  Toshimitsu Hatabu  Kiyoaki Narabara  Asaki Abe  Yasuhiro Kondo 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):277-285

In chickens, although estrogen receptors (ER) are reported to be associated with the immunological processes, detailed information about the differences in ER expression in the tissues related to the development of lymphocytes is not fully known, especially during the developmental stage. To learn more about this immunological relationship, we used semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction method to detect the ER expression levels in the thymus tissues of chicks during the developmental stage. Furthermore, ER‐expressing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results of this study show that the expression level of ER increased on embryonic day 16 and decreased on day 20. Furthermore, ER expression was significantly higher in male than in female chickens at day 16. The increased expression on day 16 and decreased level on day 20 were also reproduced in the incidence of immunoreactive cells, although there was a 1‐day delay in the elevated incidence of the cells. This study revealed the changes in ER expression and the incidence of ER‐positive cells in the thymus of chickens during the developmental stage.  相似文献   

Population consequences of behaviour in the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus Cyprinidae)     

C. Smith  M. Reichard  A. Douglas  P. Jurajda 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(2):139-145

Abstract –  The European bitterling is a freshwater fish with an unusual spawning symbiosis with freshwater mussels. Female bitterling possess long ovipositors that they use to place their eggs onto the gills of a mussel. Males fertilise the eggs by releasing sperm into the inhalant siphon of the mussel. The embryos develop inside the mussel for approximately a month, eventually leaving the mussel as actively swimming larvae. Because they use a discrete spawning site that can be readily manipulated they represent an ideal model for linking reproductive decisions with population dynamics. Bitterling have been used in field and large-scale pool experiments, in combination with modelling and population and genetic studies to investigate the population consequences of behaviour. Here we show how male mating tactics, female mate and oviposition decisions, and aggressive interference competition among juveniles, may have significant impacts on bitterling population size and population genetics.  相似文献   

褐飞虱杀雄菌属共生菌Arsenophonus的传递方式与生物学意义初探     

陈宇  陈洋  王渭霞  赖凤香  傅强 《中国水稻科学》2014,28(1):92-96

通过阳性(含Arsenophonus)与阴性(不含Arsenophonus)褐飞虱初羽化成虫的正反交试验,发现子代感染Arsenophonus的情况由其母本决定,而与父本无关,表明褐飞虱体内的Arsenophonus可由母体垂直传递给子代。初羽化阳性和阴性成虫的配对实验结果表明,Arsenophonus对褐飞虱后代数量及性比没有显著的作用,无雄性致死作用。通过黄绿绿僵菌ARSEF1764菌株对初羽化雌成虫褐飞虱的接种实验,发现阴性试虫的感病率为55.2%,显著高于阳性试虫的32.5%,表明感染Arsenophonus有助于提高褐飞虱对黄绿绿僵菌ARSEF1764菌株的抵抗能力。  相似文献   

温敏雄性不育小麦BNS366花粉败育的细胞学观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贺晓敏  周美兰  余传启  蒋敏明  茹振刚 《麦类作物学报》2014,34(4):460-466

为了明确温敏雄性不育小麦BNS366雄性败育的细胞学机理,采用醋酸洋红染色法观察减数分裂和小孢子发育过程,用1%I2-KI溶液染色进行花粉育性统计;以温敏不育系BNS和常规品种扬麦13作为对照。结果表明,BNS366的减数分裂和小孢子发育过程与BNS完全一致,即:在减数分裂过程中,中期Ⅰ染色体出现滞后现象,在形成二分体和四分体时细胞质分裂不均匀,出现三孢现象;小孢子发育过程中,只观察到单核靠边期,最后核物质解体出现空孢现象。而扬麦13在减数分裂过程中染色体表现正常,小孢子发育过程中,观察到单核期→双核期→三核期。开花期,BNS366和BNS花粉均表现典败和圆败,扬麦13可育。减数分裂表现出的异常行为是导致BNS366花粉败育的原因之一,单核靠边期是其败育的关键时期。  相似文献   

Development ofNew InDel Marker to Detect Genotypes of Conferring Fertility Restoration of BT-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility inRice简     

CHEN Tao  ZHANG Ya-dong  ZHU Zhen  ZHAO Ling  ZHAO Qing-yong  ZHOU Li-hui  YAO Shu  YU Xin  WANG Cai-lin 《水稻科学》2014,21(1):13-19

Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in japonica rice, a functional marker InDel-Rf-1a based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-1a locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-1arf-1a showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-1a locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F₂ segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-1a locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDel-Rf-1a could be widely used for genetic identification and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding japonica restorer lines.  相似文献   

Introgression of Gene for Non-Pollen Type Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility to Thai Rice Cultivars     

TANEE Sreewongchai  WEERACHAI Matthayatthaworn  CHALERMPOL Phumichai  PRAPA Sripichitt 《水稻科学》2014,21(2):123-126

For the two-line hybrid rice system, pol en sterility is regulated by recessive gene that responds to temperature. The recessive gene controlling thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility （TGMS） is expressed when the plants are grown in conditions with higher or lower critical temperatures. To transfer tgms gene（s） control ing TGMS to Thai rice cultivars by backcross breeding method, a male sterile line was used as a donor parent while Thai rice cultivars ChaiNat 1, PathumThani 1, and SuphanBuri 1 were used as recurrent parents. The BC2F2 lines were developed from backcrossing and selfing. Moreover, the simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were developed for identifying tgms gene and the linked marker was used for assisting selection in backcrossing. The identification lines were confirmed by pol en observation. The results showed the success of introgression of the tgms gene into Thai rice cultivars. These lines will be tested for combining ability and used as female parent in hybrid rice production in Thailand.  相似文献   

利用花培与辐照诱变培育粳型两系不育系江79S     

谭瑗瑗  汪庆  富昊伟  张渭章  吴三玲  舒庆尧 《核农学报》2022,36(6):1073-1079

为创制新的两系不育系,并将其应用于强优势杂交水稻品种培育,综合利用花培和诱变技术培育了粳稻两系不育系江79S。取培矮64S/粳稻H179的F₁幼穗,利用花药培养技术培育获得一个粳型光温敏不育系S79;后采用高能碳离子束处理S79干种子,在其后代中选育了一个熟期突变体GS79(江79S),其在长日照和短日照条件下始穗表现不同,分别较S79早7 d左右和迟5 d左右。观察江79S的育性转换特性,发现其在嘉兴种植时,每年9月8日左右开始出现可育花粉并开始结实;在陵水种植时,植株正常结实且结实率达80%以上。人工气候箱光温敏特性鉴定结果表明,江79S在长日照条件下育性转换温度低于23.5℃。稻米品质和抗性鉴定结果为江79S米质达农业部(现农业农村部)部颁三级优质米标准,苗叶期抗稻瘟病。对江79S进行全基因组测序,分析发现其携带源自农垦58S的光敏不育基因pms1和pms3,且含携带抗稻瘟病基因pi21、Pia、Pid3和Pita,与其高抗苗瘟的特性相一致。以江79S配制的亚种间杂交水稻品种江两优7901通过了国家主要农作物品种审定。本研究结果为综合运用花培和辐照诱变技术培育新两系不育系材料提供了研究方法。  相似文献