Seed productivity test of CMS lines of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) possessing the cytoplasm of a wild species, A. galanthum Kar. et Kir.     

Ken-ichiro Yamashita  Yosuke Tashiro 《Euphytica》2004,136(3):327-331

In a previous study, we developed male sterile lines of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) possessing the cytoplasm of a wild species, A. galanthum Kar. et Kir., by backcrossing. To evaluate seed productivity of the male sterile lines in practise, they were crossed with the male fertile line, cultivar 'Kujyo', using honeybees as pollinators under field conditions. The number of florets and seeds per inflorescence, seed set and seed germination of the material were investigated. Although variation was observed among the male sterile lines, there were several lines having seed productivity equal to cultivar 'Kujyo'. Our data demonstrate that the male sterile lines of A. fistulosum possessing the cytoplasm of A. galanthum are useful as seed parents for the commercial F seed production of A. fistulosum.  相似文献   

Flowering behaviour,male sterility and berry setting in tetraploid Solanum tuberosum germplasm     

Jai Gopal 《Euphytica》1993,72(1-2):133-142

Summary Six hundred and seventy six accessions of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) from 25 countries, were studied for flowering and fruiting behaviour under long days (12–14 h). Flowering intensity ranged from dropping of floral buds just after initiation to profuse blooming. The majority (58.3%) of the accessions bloomed profusely, though 20.4% of the accessions did not bloom at all. Weeks to flowering ranged from 6 to 15 and the majority (66.5%) of the flowering accessions bloomed within 8 to 9 weeks after planting. Duration of flowering ranged from 1 to 10 weeks and the majority (68.1%) of the flowering accessions bloomed for 1 to 4 weeks only. Twentythree per cent of the flowering accessions were completely male sterile. Maximum male fertility was 90% only. No berry setting was observed in 31.8% of the flowering accessions. Only 54.3 per cent of the accessions were found to be fertile in all respects and could be used both as male and female parents. Premature bud abscission was the major cause of sterility. Peru was the best source of profuse-flowering genotypes, Poland was the best source of early flowering genotypes and Mexico was the best source of long duration flowering and good berry setting genotypes. The results suggested that flower bud formation; the growth and development of mature flowers; weeks to flowering and duration of flowering are independent characters controlled by different genes of quantitative nature. Berry setting and duration of flowering were closely associated (r=0.95). Genetic as well as environmental factors interfered with the developmental process leading to flower production and berry setting at different times in different genotypes. The practical implications of these results for true potato seed production are discussed.Publication No. 1298, CPRI, Shimla.  相似文献   

芝麻基因雄性不育系的研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

屠礼传  梁秀银 《华北农学报》1995,10(1):34-39

通过群体改良对芝麻雄性不育原始材料进行基因重组，产生了大量优秀变异。用系内连续姊妹交，回效等手段育在敢综合农艺性状良好，不育度为９９％以上，不育株率稳定在５０％左右可供可杂交种生产应用的ｍｓ８６－１不育系。形态学研究证明，所选不育系雄蕊败育彻 底，雌蕊发育正常，具有正常的结籽能力；小孢子败育发生在四分体后的无液泡小孢子期；雄性不育性具有良好的环境稳定性。根据初步的遗传分析推测，不育性可能不是受单隐  相似文献   

用AFLP技术构建棉花雄性不育三系及其杂种F1的DNA指纹图谱   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

朱云国  王学德  李悦有 《棉花学报》2001,13(3):158-160

实验应用AFLP同位素标记法,获得了棉花细胞质雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系及其杂种F1的DNA指纹图谱.较为详尽地介绍了有关AFLP的技术核心及注意点,并探讨了其适用于棉花研究的方法.结果表明,AFLP是一种十分有效的DNA指纹技术,它具有多态性丰富、稳定性高、重复性好等优点.  相似文献   

Establishing Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus by Mitochondrial Recombination with B. tournefortii   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

G. Stiewe    G. Röbbelen 《Plant Breeding》1994,113(4):294-304

Fusion experiments between B. napus and X-ray-treated B. tournefortii protoplasts were carried out to develop cytoplasmic male sterility (ems) in B. napus. From the regenerants, six lines containing male sterile plants were selected; five lines segregated for male sterility, but one line (25–143) was completely male-sterile from the beginning. Molecular analyses of mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (cp) DNA of B. napus, B. tournefortii, B. juncea and cms juncea indicated that the original cytoplasmic donor of the cms juncea-system in B. napus was a B. tournefortii form, while the B. napus genotype used for the fusion experiments had a B. campestris cytoplasm. By analysis (it regenerated plants, line 25–143 was identified as possessing mt-DNA recombined between B. campestris and B. tournefortii. with the major part derived from B. campestris. No differences were detected between epDNAs from H. campestris and from line 25—143. The other five lines were similar to B. campestris with all the probes used. The low frequency of sterile lines from the fusion experiments and the inheritance of the cms in segregating progenies are both discussed.  相似文献   

Male Sterility in Barley   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. B. Singh  M. L. H. Kaul 《Plant Breeding》1991,107(4):326-332

The anther form and development of eight two-rowed genie male sterile barley mutants are abnormal. The male sterility in each mutant is conditioned by single non-allelic recessive genes. These mutant genes cause reductions in anther size and lumen diameter. Though in seven mutants, the male meiosis is normal until microspore liberation, the micro-spores abort in all cases after release from the PMCs. In one mutant, the microspores degenerate at the tetrad stage before release from the PMCs. In four mutants, the tapetal development and disintegration are normal, in four others they are abnormal. Despite these variations, the male sterility in all the eight mutants is complete.  相似文献   

Induction of an alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea by substituting cytoplasm from ‘Early Scarlet Globe’ radish (Raphanus sativus)     

Gilbert D. McCollum 《Euphytica》1981,30(3):855-859

Summary Alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea L. was synthesized in a backcrossing program through amphidiploid Raphanobrassica by using Early Scarlet Globe radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as the donor of cytoplasm and B. oleracea broccoli and cabbage as recurrent pollen parents. Persistence of radish chromosomes and high female sterility were encountered in the first four backcrosses. Following use of colchiploid 4x broccoli as pollen parent, a BC₅ plant was obtained that had 2n=3x+1=28 chromosomes, improved seed set, and no radish traits. The BC₆ with recurrent 2x broccoli contained male-sterile plants with 2n=18 or 19 chromosomes, increased seed set, and broccoli morphology. Subsequent generations segregated for male-sterile and restored male-fertile plants, some with variable development of stamens and pollen. Leaf color of the alloplasmic plants, especially seedlings, was lighter green than normal.  相似文献   

Moricandia arvensis cytoplasm based system of cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica juncea: Reappraisal of fertility restoration and agronomic potential     

G. Kaur  S.K. Banga  K.P.S. Gogna  S. Joshi  S.S. Banga 《Euphytica》2004,138(3):271-276

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system based on the cytoplasm from Moricandia arvensis (mori) was investigated for fertility restoration and agronomic potential. Fertility restorer gene for mori CMS was introgressed from cytoplasm donor species as all the evaluated Brassica juncea genotypes (155) acted as sterility maintainers. The allosyndetic pairing between M^a and the A/B genome chromosomes in the monosomic addition plants (2n= 18II + 1M^a) facilitated the gene introgression. Partial fertility restoration (43–52% pollen grain stainability) in F₁ hybrids and absence of segregation for male sterility in F₂ progenies suggested gametophytic control of fertility restoration. The pollen fertility in the F₁ hybrids was, however, sufficient to ensure complete seed set upon bag selfing. Introgression from M. arvensis also helped in correction of chlorosis associated with mori cytoplasm in CMS and fertile alloplasmic B. juncea plants. Yield evaluation of thirty F₁ hybrids having the same nuclear genotype but varied male sterilizing cytoplasms (mori, oxy, lyr, refined ogu), in comparison to respective euplasmic hand bred control hybrids, allowed an estimate of yield penalty associated with different CMS systems. It ranged from 1.8% to 61.6%. Hybrids based on cytoplasmically refined ogu were most productive followed by those based on cytoplasmically refined mori CMS. The male sterility systems emanating from somatic hybridization were found superior than those developed from sexual hybridization.  相似文献   

Mitochondrial genome variation in Allium ampeloprasum and its wild relatives   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Engelke  E. Agbicodo  T. Tatlioglu 《Euphytica》2004,137(2):181-191

Limitation in mitochondrial genome diversity of leek, revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses with mitochondrial gene probes, prevent a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system in elite populations. However, mitochondrial genome diversity was detected in Allium ampeloprasum L. wild accession and landraces, as well as in pearl onion. Within this plant material, nine mitotypes were distinguished and could be used in order to broaden the genetic basis of leek. A chimeric mitochondrial gene configuration is usable as a marker for the sterility inducing cytoplasms (S₁) in chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) and in onion (Allium cepa L.) for (S) and (T) cytoplasm. This chimeric mitochondrial gene configuration is also present in the subgenus Allium, revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, only a faint amplicon was observed in a few accessions investigated herein, suggesting that this fragment might be present to a lesser level in mitochondrial DNA, as a sublimon.  相似文献   

A simple method to control the seed purity of japonica hybrid rice varieties using PCR-based markers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T. Komori  N. Nitta 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(6):549-553

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) by the cms‐bo cytoplasm and its restoration by the nuclear restorer gene, Rf‐1, are used for seed production of japonica hybrid rice varieties. To produce pure hybrid seeds, a prerequisite is to properly manage the seed purity of parental lines, especially CMS lines. In this study, three dominant polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based markers (M1, M2 and M3) were developed to detect mutual contamination in seed batches of CMS lines, maintainer lines, restorer lines and hybrids. M1 detected the mitochondrial sequence that was present in the cytoplasm of common japonica varieties and absent in the cms‐bo cytoplasm. M2 and M3 detected the chromosomal sequence related to the Rf‐1 allele in restorer lines and the rf‐1 allele in common japonica varieties, respectively. By the strategic use of these markers, japonica hybrids and their parental lines could be efficiently distinguished from each other. Furthermore, sensitivity tests for the three markers with a series of crude DNA samples prepared from polished grains demonstrated that these markers could detect one contaminating grain among 500 or 1000 grains. Therefore, the bulk PCR analyses with the markers developed here probably make it possible to control the seed purity of japonica hybrids properly by selecting appropriate seed batches of their parental lines quickly and efficiently.  相似文献