沙漠化过程土壤种子库特征的研究   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13  

赵丽娅  李锋瑞 《干旱区研究》2003,20(4):317-321

采用野外定点取样与室内萌发实验相结合的方法 ,研究了 4种不同类型退化沙地土壤种子库特征 ,主要结论是 :(1)土壤种子库密度随沙漠化程度的增加而下降 ,不同沙漠化发展阶段下降速率不同 ,从固定到半固定沙地是种子库密度衰减最快的时期 ;(2 )土壤种子库植物种数从固定到半流动沙地变化很小 ,半流动到流动沙地衰减速度明显加快 ,是种子库植物种数衰减最快的时期 ;(3) 4种类型退化沙地土壤种子库的种类组成以 1、2年生草本植物为主 ,所占比例 79%～ 88% ,多年生草本和灌木所占比例很小 ;(4 )土壤种子库物种多样性指数并非随着沙漠化程度的增加而下降 ,其中半流动沙地的物种多样性指数最小 ;(5 ) 4种类型退化沙地土壤种子库组成上的相似性系数变化范围为 0 .82 9～ 1.0 0 0 ,表现出较小的空间异质性。  相似文献   

Analysis of the association among three viruses infecting hop in Australia     

S. J. Pethybridge †  W. W. Turechek 《Plant pathology》2003,52(2):158-167

Associations among Hop latent virus (HpLV), Hop mosaic virus (HpMV), and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) were assessed in five hop cultivars at four commercial hop-growing regions in Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. The presence or absence of each virus was confirmed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Spatial patterns of virus-infected plants were characterized using the Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs ( sadie ) system of pattern analysis. The association among viruses (occurrence and covariation) was assessed using the Jaccard similarity index, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and sadie . The spatial pattern of plants infected by HpLV and HpMV ranged from random to highly aggregated depending upon the cultivar infected and the mean disease incidence. The spatial pattern of plants infected by ApMV was aggregated in six of the seven plots where ApMV was present. A strong positive association between HpLV and HpMV was found in all cultivars at all locations. This association may be the result of the viruses sharing a common aphid vector species, the presence of one virus enhancing the ability of the aphid vector to acquire the other virus either through transencapsidation or influences on virus titre, or mixed infections within source plants. Significant associations, positive or negative, were found less frequently between HpLV and ApMV, and HpMV and ApMV.  相似文献   

ON STUDY DIGGED FIELD MOVEMENT''S LAW BY EXPERIMENTAL METHOD OF LASER HOLOGRAPHIC MOIRE INTERFERMETRY     

Wang Baichu Hu Guohua Chao Zhen Xu Guangming Cheng Yanssong 《保鲜与加工》1990,(1):96-101

The high-precision displacement measuring technology of optic-measuring mechanics is, for the first time,successfully applied on the similar model of the model land-layer with a new-type variable modulus of elasticity. The angle of movement and the distributed displacement of upper and lower rock-layers are measured. The technology is a combination of laser's technology and the modern chemical sticker-it is called the sticking moire interferometry. Compared with the measured values, the result is very satisfactory.  相似文献   

Reasoning Method Based on Motorcycle Design     

HU Xiao  HE Yu-lin  DENG Hai-ping  LI Xiao-lin 《保鲜与加工》2006,(2):19-22

According to the needs of setting up a professional system based on motorcycle design,the CBR(case based reasoning) and RBR(rule based reasoning) methods are introduced.After discussing the difference between the two kinds of reasoning,a method of integrating them into the motorcycle design flow is put forward to realize the design reusable technology and improve the design efficiency,by using the CBR in the step of selecting the similar motorcycle and the RBR in project's modification according to correlative rules.  相似文献   

Weighting Coefficient Optimization Unification of Lexicographic Method in Fuzzy Multi -objective Optimization Design     

OU Wei  LYU En- lin 《保鲜与加工》2006,(3):56-58

The Lexicographic method has subjective and empirical character,so a weighting coefficient is introduced by considering the importance and proportion of each individual object,the preferable result of every individual object can be confirmed by comparing the degree of similarity between the perfect one and the ecumenic one and the Fuzzy optimization will be perfect.The effectiveness of these methods is illustrated by a fuzzy optimal design of the three-bar truss.  相似文献   

跌水坎流体动力性噪声模拟试验研     

张云清  郭维东  宓永宁  王再兴  王璞东 《中国农村水利水电》2006,(8):82-84

以流体声学相似原理为依据，对三种跌水坎形式进行噪声模拟试验。利用古典声学理论对背景噪声进行分析与修正，评估降噪的效果，确定跌水坎的修改形式。并对修改方案进行不同比尺的试验，对声强进行曲线拟合，绘制趋势线，推求原型噪声的大小，为工程建设提供参考依据。  相似文献   

基于两点机器学习方法的土壤有机质空间分布预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王雨雪  杨柯  高秉博  冯爱萍  田娟  姜传亮  杨建宇 《农业工程学报》2022,38(12):65-73

准确预测土壤有机质(Soil Organic Matter,SOM)空间分布对精细农业、耕地质量建设、生态环境保护以及固碳减排等均具有重要的意义。该研究探讨了基于两点机器学习方法(Two-pointMachineLearning,TPML)提高SOM空间分布预测的可行性。以黑龙江省海伦市为研究区,以气候、地形地貌、社会经济和空间位置信息等因素作为辅助变量,充分利用空间位置信息和属性相似关系,有效处理SOM空间分布异质性及其与辅助变量间关系异质性,以提高TPML方法进行SOM空间分布预测的精度。采用随机森林、基于随机森林的回归克里格、反距离权重法和普通克里格(Ordinary Kriging,OK)方法作为对比,以平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)、预测值与真实值相关系数(r)和决定系数(R²)作为评价指标,进行不同样本量下的多组对比试验,评价不同方法的预测精度。结果表明：1)研究区SOM含量在1.775～7.188 g/kg之间,平均值为3.179 g/kg,空间分布...  相似文献   

NDVI时序相似性对冬小麦种植面积总量控制的制图精度影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李方杰  任建强  吴尚蓉  张宁丹  赵红伟 《农业工程学报》2021,37(9):127-139

遥感技术获取的区域作物面积与作物面积统计数据间常常存在不一致的问题,这在一定程度上影响了作物分布遥感制图信息的应用。为获得与作物面积统计数据一致的高精度作物分布遥感制图信息,该研究以河北省衡水市武邑县为研究区,以时序Sentinel-2遥感影像生成的归一化差值植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI)为研究数据,将冬小麦面积目视解译数据作为遥感提取的区域冬小麦面积总量参考,提出基于复合型混合演化算法(Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona, SCE-UA)和区域作物种植面积总量控制的NDVI时序相似性阈值优化冬小麦分布制图方法,并进行精度验证。在此基础上,进一步开展不同生育阶段NDVI时序相似性及其相似性组合的冬小麦分布提取精度对比研究。结果表明,利用全生育期NDVI时序相似性获得的冬小麦分布制图结果总量精度达99.99%以上,总体精度达98.08%,Kappa系数为0.96,可以保证遥感提取的区域冬小麦面积与冬小麦种植面积总量控制参考间的高度一致性且能获得较高的作物遥感识别精度。从不同生育阶段NDVI时序相似性及其相似性组合的冬小麦分布提取结果可知,利用出苗期-分蘖期、返青期-拔节期的NDVI时序可获得高精度冬小麦分布提取结果,而利用抽穗期-成熟期的NDVI时序数据提取冬小麦结果则精度较低,且综合不同生育阶段NDVI时序数据有利于冬小麦制图精度的提高。该研究可为高精度冬小麦分布提取和制图技术及其方案优化提供一定参考依据,也可为遥感数据和作物面积统计数据融合的大范围农作物分布遥感制图及统计数据空间化提供一定技术方法参考和思路借鉴。  相似文献   

农业知识问答系统句子相似度算法研究     

卜伟琼  方逵  陈益能 《计算机与农业》2012,(10):17-20

在农业领域中,农业知识问答系统以其能接受自然语言检索和直接返回精确答案而成为一种新的信息检索技术。针对农业领域,提出了一种多重信息融合的句子相似度算法。该算法结合了句子的结构信息、词法信息和语义信息,同时考虑农业知识问答系统中问句的特征,使其更适合应用在农业特定领域中,并通过实验验证了算法的可行性和准确性。  相似文献   

温室土壤食物网静态和动态结构特征     

CHEN Yun-Feng  CAO Zhi-Ping  L. POPESCU  B. H. KIEPPER 《土壤圈》2014,24(2):258-270

Soil food web structure is fundamental to ecosystem process and function; most studies on soil food web structure have focused on agro-ecosystems under different management practices and natural terrestrial ecosystems, but seldom on greenhouses. This study explored the static and temporal variability of soil food structure in two greenhouses of Shandong Province, North China over a two-year period. The static properties were measured directly by surveying functional group composition and a series of parameters portraying the species properties, link properties, chain properties and omnivory properties of the web, as well as indirectly through calculation of nematode indices, enrichment index （EI）, structure index （SI）, and channel index （CI）. The dynamic variability of greenhouse soil food structure was described by the dynamics of functional groups, Bray-Curtis （BC） similarity and cluster analysis. The results showed that the greenhouse soil food web contained 14 functional groups, with microbes having the highest mean biomass, followed by protozoa. Of the three functional groups of protozoa, flagellates were the dominant group on most sampling dates, amoebae only became the dominant group during the summer, while ciliates were the least prevalent group. All nematodes were assigned into one of the four functional groups, bacterivorous, fungivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous, and the fungivorous nematodes had the lowest mean biomass. Mites were assigned into three functional groups and the omnivorous noncryptostigmatic mites were the dominant group. All the functional groups showed significant seasonal changes. The soil food web connectance was 0.15, the maximum food chain length was 5, and the average food chain length was 3.6. The profiles of the EI and SI showed that the food web was resource- depleted with minimal structure. The results of CI indicated that the bacterial decomposition pathway was the dominant pathway in the food web of the greenhouse soils studied and the results of BC similarity showed that the soil food web had higher variability and instability over time. The cluster analysis showed that the functional groups located at high trophic levels with low biomass were in a cluster, whereas those at low trophic levels with high biomass were closer. Compared with the food web structure of agroecosystem and natural terrestrial ecosystem soils, the structure of greenhouse soil food web was simple and unstable, which was likely driven by high agricultural intensification, particularly over application of fertilizers.  相似文献