西北干旱区内陆绿洲农业特征及发展认识   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张凤华  赖先齐 《干旱区资源与环境》2003,17(4):19-23

西北干旱区内陆绿洲的主要生态环境特点,导致其特殊的农业特点;通过对典型内陆绿洲—黑河绿洲与玛纳斯绿洲农业进一步对比分析,表明两者存在较强的趋同性;由此提出绿洲农业发展的几点认识;发展区域绿洲特色农业;优化资源配置,调整农业结构;建设绿洲农业生产技术体系;建立绿洲生态农业及发挥绿洲与山地、荒漠的耦合模式。  相似文献   

Recovery of non-target plants affected by airborne bromoxynil-octanoate and metribuzin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S Follak  & K Hurle 《Weed Research》2004,44(2):142-147

The present study was conducted to evaluate the recovery potential of non‐target plants affected by two airborne herbicides. Sunflower at the two‐leaf stage was used as a test plant and exposed for 24 h in a wind tunnel to a range of concentrations of airborne bromoxynil‐octanoate and metribuzin. Quantum yield (φ_PSII) of exposed leaves and of the second leaf pair developed after exposure was determined at a particular time up to 16 days following exposure. Maximum depression in quantum yield of exposed leaves from which a complete recovery occurred within 16 days was 63% for bromoxynil‐octanoate and 60% for metribuzin respectively. The corresponding maximum concentrations were 1.310 and 0.390 μg m^?3 respectively. The second leaf pair was also affected and showed a similar recovery potential. From the results it can be concluded that the significance of airborne bromoxynil‐octanoate and metribuzin must not be overestimated, as sunflower and non‐target plants with a similar sensitivity are likely to recover from air concentrations of both herbicides reported under field conditions.  相似文献   

海洋贝类体液防御机制的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨明  侯敢  黄迪南  李江滨 《水产科学》2006,25(8):428-430

近几年，随着人们将海洋贝类作为食物的兴趣日益浓厚，科学家们对贝类及其防御机制的研究也越来越深入，对它们在生态、社会、经济、营养等方面的作用以及它们的致病微生物的特性进行了大量研究。双壳贝类由于其滤食习性，使它们体内蓄积了大量细菌，成为人类致病菌的积极携带者。因此，研究贝类与微生物之间的相互作用对维护人类健康有重要意义。  相似文献   

To pool or not to pool? Guidelines for pooling samples for use in surveillance testing of infectious diseases in aquatic animals     

Emilie Laurin  Krishna Thakur  Peter G. Mohr  Paul Hick  Mark St. J. Crane  Ian A. Gardner  Nicholas J. G. Moody  Axel Colling  Ingo Ernst 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(11):1471-1491

Samples from multiple animals may be pooled and tested to reduce costs of surveillance for infectious agents in aquatic animal populations. The primary advantage of pooling is increased population‐level coverage when prevalence is low (<10%) and the number of tests is fixed, because of increased likelihood of including target analyte from at least one infected animal in a tested pool. Important questions and a priori design considerations need to be addressed. Unfortunately, pooling recommendations in disease‐specific chapters of the 2018 OIE Aquatic Manual are incomplete and, except for amphibian chytrid fungus, are not supported by peer‐reviewed research. A systematic review identified only 12 peer‐reviewed aquatic diagnostic accuracy and surveillance studies using pooled samples. No clear patterns for pooling methods and characteristics were evident across reviewed studies, although most authors agreed there is a negative effect on detection. Therefore, our purpose was to review pooling procedures used in published aquatic infectious disease research, present evidence‐based guidelines, and provide simulated data examples for white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. A decision tree of pooling guidelines was developed for use by peer‐reviewed journals and research institutions for the design, statistical analysis and reporting of comparative accuracy studies of individual and pooled tests for surveillance purposes.  相似文献   

Effect of ammonia on the growth rate and oxygen consumption of juvenile greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata Donovan     

James O. Harris  Greg B. Maguire  Stephen Edwards  Stephen M. Hindrum 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1998,160(3-4):259-272

Juvenile greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata, (mean whole weight 4.48±1.9 g, mean±s.d., n=953) were highly sensitive to ammonia as indicated by depressed growth rate and food consumption measured over 2–3 months in bioassay tanks. For growth rate expressed on a whole weight basis, the EC₅ and EC₅₀ values (5 and 50% growth reductions) were 0.041 mg FAN l⁻¹ (Free Ammonia–Nitrogen) and 0.158 mg FAN l⁻¹, respectively. Shell growth rates declined over the entire experimental range (0.006–0.188 mg FAN l⁻¹). At the end of the bioassay, groups of abalone were transferred to respiratory chambers. Oxygen consumption rate increased to a maximum of 188% of control values at 0.235 mg FAN l⁻¹ and decreased slightly at the highest concentration of 0.418 mg FAN l⁻¹.  相似文献   

Channels and ditches as the last shelter for freshwater mussels: the case of Margaritifera auricularia and other naiads inhabiting the mid Ebro River Basin,Spain     

Ignacio Gómez  Rafael Araujo 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(5):658-670

• 1. Freshwater mussels or naiads are generally considered to thrive in river habitats, provided the ecological conditions are good. The presence of populations of these bivalves in artificial channels and ditches with natural bottoms has only scarcely been reported. The aim of this paper was to present the idea that these ‘channel’ and ‘ditch’ habitats could in fact be a sanctuary for naiads.
• 2. Approximately 80 km of several of these waterways fed by the mid Ebro River were sampled in Spain to monitor their naiad populations. Observations indicate that these habitats harbour substantial colonies of freshwater mussels (including two populations of adult specimens of the endangered species Margaritifera auricularia), much more so than the corresponding river.
• 3. The authors wish to alert conservation authorities and freshwater mussel experts to the extreme fragility and importance of this kind of habitat for the long‐term conservation of these imperilled molluscs.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于地基激光雷达的叶倾角分布升尺度方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏伟  展郡鸽  李静  马鸿元  吴代英  张蕊 《农业机械学报》2016,47(9):180-185

地基激光雷达因其具有穿透力强,能够提取植被冠层三维结构信息的优势,是提取植被叶倾角分布(Leaf angle distribution,LAD)的理想数据源,因此将地基激光雷达数据与遥感影像结合获取大尺度叶倾角分布结果颇具潜力。以河北省保定市北部4个县为研究区,利用10个玉米样地的地基激光雷达数据提取叶倾角分布结果,使用主成分正变换提取玉米实测叶倾角分布数据中信息量最大的前3个主成分,再利用神经网络模型对所提取的主成分与Landsat8反射率数据结合建立关系模型,然后将训练好的模型应用于整个研究区进行升尺度转换,最后通过主成分逆变换,得到升尺度后平均叶倾角(Mean tilt angle,MTA)结果。对升尺度后LAD与实测LAD及升尺度后MTA与实测MTA进行交叉验证,结果表明,升尺度MTA与实测MTA的验证精度(R2)为0.786 2,均方根误差(RMSE)为3.04°。该结果表明,使用提取主成分方法建立光谱数据与叶倾角分布的关系模型从而达到升尺度转换的目的具有可行性,模拟精度较高,且误差较小。  相似文献   

陆地生态系统碳循环对土地利用变化的响应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王丽丽  宋长春 《土壤通报》2010,(1)

陆地生态系统碳循环在全球碳循环中占有重要地位,而土地利用变化是估测陆地生态系统碳储存与释放的最大不确定性因素。植被和土壤是陆地生态系统的两大碳库,是碳循环中的两个重要纽带,土地利用变化影响陆地生态系统土壤和植被碳的固定、积累与释放,从而影响整个碳循环过程。本文主要从土壤和植被碳库的角度出发,综述了近年来土地利用变化对陆地生态系统碳循环的影响及其机理,以及研究方法进展,着重分析了模型在此方面的应用;并提出了未来研究方向的展望。  相似文献   

蔬菜保护地土壤硝酸盐积累及盐分变化   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

张金盛  任顺荣 《天津农业科学》1998,4(4):36-39

对天津市部分区县菜田土壤的分析结果表明,温室、大棚内０～２０ｃｍ、２０～４０ｃｍ土壤ＮＯ－３含量与全盐量的相关性分别达到极显著水平;而露地０～２０ｃｍ土壤两者的相关性达显著水平,２０～４０ｃｍ土壤的相关性极差。从定点观测的结果可以看出,春季露地表层土壤（０～３ｃｍ）的全盐量明显高于大棚土壤,其它土层差异较小。  相似文献   

陆地生态系统二氧化碳通量网的建设和发展   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

王文杰  石福臣  祖元刚  杨逢建  毛子军  小池孝良 《东北林业大学学报》2002,30(4):57-61

介绍了陆地生态系统CO2通量网和三个地域性CO2通量网（欧洲通量网，美洲通量网和亚洲通量网）的建设与发展状况，并着重对其建设目的，组织结构和数据共享原则等进行了评述。对欧洲通量网与美洲通量网所能提供的共享数据库的研究地点概况，数据特点和主要研究者也进行了介绍，以便国内同行进行对比研究使用。参考全球陆地在不同海拔，不同植被类型的分布比例，在陆地生态系统CO2通量网的分布进行了对比分析。并结合我国科学家在本领域的研究，对陆地生态系统CO2通量网今后的发展方向尤其是在亚洲大陆地区（我国）的研究侧重点进行了讨论。  相似文献