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以埃及伊蚊幼虫为材料,比较了食物和非食物颗粒对苏云金杆菌以色列亚种致病能力的影响,结果表明:食物和非食物性颗粒皆能显著提高伊蚊幼虫对苏云金芽胞杆菌以及色列亚种商品制剂的抵抗力,颗粒物的这种作用与其营养功能无关。  相似文献   
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Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a globally significant vector that complexifies management programs already contending with Aedes aegypti (L.). The Ae. albopictus mosquito is a daytime biting, container breeding, anthropophilic mosquito that is generally considered unresponsive to operational larviciding that does not also incorporate source reduction. S-methoprene is a readily available juvenile hormone mimic common to pest management. This 14-week study examines direct and indirect treatment efficacy using s-methoprene as an ultra-low volume (ULV) truck spray in area-wide operations against Ae. albopictus in the southeastern United States. An overall 63.3% reduction of Ae. albopictus adults and 47.8% reduction of deposited eggs in treatment areas were observed compared with control. Indirect plots saw reduction in Ae. albopictus adults by 32.7% and eggs by 32.3%. Using insect growth regulator bioassays, truck-mounted ULV application of s-methoprene was effective to an inhibition of emergence (IE) of ≥92% within directly treated (sprayed) areas and >65% IE among containers placed up to 90 m away. S-methoprene could still benefit urban vector management programs when applied at an operational scale.  相似文献   
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新疆阿勒泰北屯地区位于额尔齐斯河下游,夏季蚊虫泛滥,严重威胁当地人民的身体健康.本研究跟踪调查了各种水体的幼蚊滋生情况,确定了幼蚊发生的2个高峰期分别出现在5月下旬至6月上旬及6月下旬至7月上旬,同时确定了洪水型积水、排碱渠积水和漫灌林带积水是幼蚊高发的孳生地类型.采集并对蚊虫样品进行形态学鉴定,确定了该地区的优势蚊种为刺扰伊蚊Aedes vexans.用苏云金芽胞杆菌以色列亚种Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.israelensis(Bti)水剂对该蚊种进行了室内生测,其LC50和LC90分别为0.055和0.198 mg/L.分别选取3种高发孳生地的3处积水进行野外试验,发现48 h后该药剂对幼蚊的杀灭率均在96%以上,对大面积孳生地也有很好的杀灭作用.监测显示成蚊出现的高峰时间是每年的6月上旬至6月中旬及7月中旬至7月下旬.连续施药3年后,2013年的成蚊数量相比2011年时下降幅度超过50%.本研究对于北屯地区蚊虫的进一步控制以及Bti制剂在新疆的推广有重要的意义.  相似文献   
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Insecticidal activities of the petroleum ether-, chloroform-, ethyl acetate-, and water-soluble fractions of the methanolic extract of Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi were assayed against Musca domestica adults. The chloroform- and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions were the most active with 92.6 and 88.9% mortalities (24 h after treatment) respectively. Therefore, the two fractions were combined and four compounds, isolated from the fractions by activity-guided fractionation, were elucidated as 7-hydroxycoumarin, apigenin, eriodictyol, and quercetin by spectroscopic method and displayed excellent insecticidal activities against adults of M. domestica and 4th instar larva of Aedes albopictus. Among those, 7-hydroxycoumarin showed the strongest insecticidal activities with lethal concentrations (LC50) values of 72.13 μg g−1 sugar and 4.87 μg mL−1 (48 h after treatment) against the test insects respectively. The cytoxicities of these compounds on BTI-Tn-5Bl-4 cell were also investigated for the insecticidal mechanism and found that quercetin represented superior inhibitory activity with MTT assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) against BTI-Tn-5Bl-4 cell, but slightly weaker than that of the positive control (azadirachtin) and significantly greater than the negative control (DMSO only). Meanwhile, eriodictyol demonstrated the strongest effect on the mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP). In conclusion, based on their comparative toxicities to commercial insecticides and their cytotoxic effects, some of the compounds from the F. sarmentosa have potential as botanical insecticides.  相似文献   
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Anti-Insect Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Fern and Gymnosperm   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
With environmental and food safety issues becoming one of the greatest concerns of the public, active plant compounds play more and more important roles in pest controlling. Fern to their particular status in plant taxology and co-evolution are of great significance for application as new pesticides due with insects. In this study, methanol extracts were distilled from wild fern and gymnosperm of 54 species of 22 families collected from Shiwandashan Mountain in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Insecticidal activities of the methanol extracts were assayed on both adult house fly (Musca domestica) and mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Significant insecticidal activities were exhibited in the methanol extracts of five species, Cupressusfunebris (leaves and stems), Cycas acuminatissima (roots), Keteleeria fortunei (leaves and stems), Onychium japonicum (whole plant), and Pinus taiwanensis var. Darning shanensis (leaves and stems). Applications of the extracts of these plants resulted in higher than 50% mortalities in 4th instar larvae of A. albopictus at 24 h after treatment. The methanol extracts from 13 species possessed insecticidal activities against the adult of M. domestica at 48 h after treatment with higher than 90% mortalities. The extensive screening results showed that these fern and gymnosperm were highly potential to be botanical insecticides. The findings provide a feasible and valuable basis for further investigation.  相似文献   
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以登革热传播的主要媒介白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)为研究对象,以香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)油为研究用植物次生物质,研究了白纹伊蚊幼虫期经历植物次生物质后,雌蚊对产卵场所的选择行为,分析白纹伊蚊的习惯化行为反应。结果表明,尽管植物次生物质对白纹伊蚊雌蚊产卵具有明显的驱避作用,但其幼虫期对植物次生物质的经历,减弱了其对白纹伊蚊产卵的驱避作用(t=3.37,P0.05)。说明白纹伊蚊可被诱导产生对产卵场所的习惯化行为反应,该行为能力能够降低植物性驱避剂的驱避效果,并探讨了白纹伊蚊的可持续控制。  相似文献   
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