利用RIL群体和自然群体检测与花生含油量相关的SSR标记     

黄莉  赵新燕  张文华  樊志明  任小平  廖伯寿  姜慧芳  陈玉宁 《作物学报》2011,37(11):1967-1974

以远杂9102×中花5号杂交后代衍生的重组近交系F₈代家系为材料，在含油量测试的基础上，选用10份低油材料(平均含油量52.91%)、12份高油材料(平均含油量58.85%)以及亲本进行SSR引物筛选，通过631对SSR引物扩增，筛选出来源于7对引物的13个有显著差异的片段可以有效区分低油材料和高油材料。以这7对差异引物在F₈ RIL群体中扩增，对20份低油家系材料(含油量<55%)和45份高油家系材料(含油量>56%)进行统计分析，获得1个与花生含油量相关的分子标记2A5-250/240，其中，标记2A5-250为低油材料(含油量<55%)所拥有，相符率为95.0%，标记2A5-240为高油材料(含油量>56%)所拥有，相符率为88.9%。用SSR标记2A5-250/240检测11份高油(平均含油量为55.93%)栽培种花生和11份低油(平均含油量为48.41%)栽培种花生，结果表明，标记2A5-240与高油栽培种花生的符合率为63.6%，2A5-250与低油栽培种花生的符合率为90.9%。在19份高油(平均含油量为58.60%)野生花生中，10份野生花生能检测到标记2A5-240。综合分析RIL群体和自然群体的研究结果表明，标记2A5-250/240可用于花生含油量分子标记辅助选择。  相似文献   

Oil Palm — Achievements and Potential     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):288-297

Abstract

Cultivation of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has expanded tremendously in recent years such that it is now second only to soybean as a major source of the world supply of oils and fats. Presently, Southeast Asia is the dominant region of production with Malaysia being the leading producer and exporter of palm oil. This paper reviews the various factors that have led to oil palm occupying its present position, including biological, technical, managerial, environmental, and socio-political aspects. Biological features recognised as critical to the high productivity of the crop are examined. These include its perennial and evergreen nature (giving a continuous year-round canopy cover intercepting a high proportion of incoming radiation), the year-round production of fruit bunches and the high partition of total assimilates into harvested product. Scientific and managerial aspects contributing to the success of the crop include the significant genetic improvements and production of high quality planting materials, the development and application of finely-tuned agronomic practices, the appropriate scale and efficient organisation of oil palm plantations and the continuous R&D and good infra-structural support provided in the main producing countries. The programmes of crop improvement through the utilisation of traditional breeding and selection methods, the development and benefits of vegetative propagation techniques using tissue culture and ongoing efforts to apply molecular and genetic engineering techniques to improve and modify oil composition, are reviewed. Finally, the nutritional qualities of palm oil as a healthy component of diet are briefly described.  相似文献   

禽霍乱油乳剂灭活苗（TJ株）的研制与应用     

丁伯良  赵殿齐 《华北农学报》1998,13(2):137-140

从天津地区某些发病鸡场分离的２０余株禽多杀性巴氏杆菌中筛选４株（ＴＪ株）作为制苗用菌种，制成油乳剂灭活苗，进行物理性状检验与安全性，免疫性试验，用实验室制备的禽霍乱油乳剂灭活苗（ＴＪ株）对大港，静海等发病鸡场进行免疫接种，完全控制了禽霍乱的流行。  相似文献   

木材干燥窑的保温性与节能分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

戴增安 《木材工业》1997,11(2):32-33,35

常规砖砌壳体木材干燥窑热能消耗大，节能潜力很大，本文通过对窑体保温材料和大门密，保温性能改进措施的分析及应用，结果表明，壳体热损失减少６０％以上，总能源可减少１２％以上，节能效果显著，此外对用热油作为导热介质，也探讨了其节能的可行性。  相似文献   

Oil separation from wet-milled corn germ dispersions by aqueous oil extraction and aqueous enzymatic oil extraction     

Leland C. Dickey  Michael J. Kurantz  Nicholas Parris 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,27(3):303-307

The many recent dry-grind plants that convert corn to ethanol are a potential source of substantial amounts of corn oil, if an economical method of separating it can be developed. Oil separation from corn germ by aqueous extraction (AE) was studied. Batches of 5–20% germ in a buffer solution were preheated in a pressure cooker, ground in a blender or colloid mill, churned in an incubator/shaker and centrifuged to separate a free oil fraction. The highest oil yields were obtained when the germ mass fraction was between 0.1 and 0.16. Addition of an enzyme solution to the ground germ suspension prior to churning, aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) gave an oil yield twice as high as the AE yield, carried out using similar conditions. Both types of extraction produced the most oil after a 122 °C cook followed by churning at 160 rpm and 70 °C. Oil yield increased linearly with dispersion loading, from 0.5 up to 1.0 g/cm² based on beaker cross-section (0.09–0.12 germ mass fraction). Over a several month period the germ used for the extractions became more difficult to extract, despite storage at 4 °C.  相似文献   

白僵菌孢子粉工业化生产工艺技术研究     

金得森 《林业科学》1991,27(2):132-139

本文对利用载体进行砖式半固体开放培养法机械化生产白僵菌孢子粉和液体深层发酵的工艺中有关技术问题作了多方面试验研究,结果表明:1％麦皮+1.5％黄豆粉+0.5％玉米粉和1％麦皮+1.5％黄豆粉+1％玉米粉是理想液体培养基配方,平均产孢量分别达9.16亿/ml和8.51亿/ml,比土法生产常用5％麦皮浸出液提高1.65—1.85倍。筛选出C号半固体发酵培养基配方,平均产孢量达890.7亿/g,比常规土法生产提高7.91倍;选择出半固体发酵培养的理想载体R质粒;筛选出培养基、载体、接种量优化组合配比为1:3:6;载体平铺厚度以6cm为宜,其产孢量为125.7亿/cm~2,比4cm、2cm厚的分别提高0.86和3.1倍;不同菌龄菌液接种与固体发酵培养产孢量关系,以菌丝状态接种(含孢量806.2亿/g)比节孢子状态接种(含孢量573.1亿/g)提高41％;半固体发酵以13—15天为宜。  相似文献   

油樟油细胞和粘液细胞发育的超微结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

初庆刚  胡正海 《林业科学》2001,37(4):19-25

利用超薄切片法和透射电镜研究油樟油细胞和粘液细胞发育过程。依据油细胞3层细胞壁的发育将其分为4个阶段。阶段1：仅有初生纤维素壁层，又可分为原始细胞和细胞液泡化二时期。质体内具白色小泡和黑色嗜饿滴，细胞质中有黑色或灰色的嗜饿物质，以及嗜饿物质与液泡的融合。阶段2：栓质化壁层的形成。片层状的栓质叠加在初生纤维素壁内侧。阶段3：内纤维素壁层的形成。较厚而结构松散的内纤维素壁层逐步形成，并叠加在栓质化壁层的内侧，大液泡成为充满嗜饿油脂的油囊。阶段4：油细胞成熟及细胞质解体。杯形构造由内纤维素壁层向细胞腔内突起形成，油囊由液泡包被连接到杯形构造中。解体的细胞质变得电子不透明或呈杂乱状态。粘液细胞发育方式有两种：一种是由内纤维素形成以后的油细胞发育而来，其细胞质中不断产生以同心圆或螺旋线方式排列的多膜结构，并充满整个细胞腔，最后多膜结构解体而成为丝状或颗粒状的粘液；另一种是由已完全成熟的油细胞发育而来，其油囊中的油呈不均匀的状态，并产生局部降解点，逐步扩大，最后油完全降解成颗粒成或丝状的粘液。  相似文献   

外界生态因子对油茶品质影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李大明  刘厚培 《林业科学》1990,26(5):389-395

对21个地区58个油茶物种(或优良品种)进行了含油率、脂肪酸组成、碘值和粗蛋白质等化学品质的分析。通过选取14个不同地区的普通油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel)的品质与19个生态因子进行多元线性逐步回归分析,揭示了不饱和脂肪酸含量与纬度成明显的正相关;种仁蛋白质含量与8、9月份的降雨量呈负相关的趋势。品质之间的相关分析表明:不饱和脂肪酸含量与蛋白质含量存在明显的负相关关系;不同物种之间,其不饱和脂肪酸含量与果实的大小成负相关。  相似文献   

寄生小蜂对小青×黑杨树皮及杨圆蚧挥发油的行为反应     

Chi?De-fuEmail author  Rafael?Ocete?Rubio  Yan?Shan-chun  Zhang?Dan-dan  Wen?Zhen-hong 《林业研究》2002,13(4):255-259

Four-armed airflow olfactometer was used to determining the foraging behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) andEncarsia gigas (Tshumakova) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) to the essential oils which emitted from the healthy bark ofPopulus pseudo-simonii×P. nigra, the infested bark injured byQuadraspidiotus gigas (Thiem & Gerneck), the body and scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas. The results from these experiments showed that the volatile oils produced from the injured bark and from the scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph had a higher attractive ability to female adults of the two species of wasps. The essential oil produced from the scale of the pest at dosages of 3–7 μL and the essential oil emitted by injured bark at dosages of 5–9 μL had a stronger alluring effect on the host searching behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava. The essential oil from the body of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas also had certain effect on the host locating effort ofPteroptrix longgiclava andEncarsia gigas. Those two wasps did not shown any reaction to the essential oil produced by the healthy bark of poplar. Foundation item: This paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (39970620) and the “TRAPOYT” Biography: CHI De-fu (1962-), male, Ph.D., Professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai  相似文献   

防治十字花科作物根肿病的油菜内生细菌分离与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王会军  陈卓君  吴毅歆  何鹏飞  何月秋 《中国油料作物学报》2014,36(1):92

为探寻对十字花科根肿病有生防作用的菌株,本文从油菜根内组织分离内生细菌,通过根肿菌孢子裂解、盆栽防病试验证明其功能,并经形态学、生理生化和16S RNA基因序列鉴定其分类地位。研究结果表明,从油菜品种KT1004和Y05-84-5-1根部分离出51株内生菌,其中YN201305和YN201310对十字花科根肿病菌有明显裂解和抑制作用。盆栽试验表明,应用浓度107 CFU/mL的菌液,在播种时和播种后间隔5d,浇灌1次,共浇灌4次。45d苗龄调查结果,二者对大白菜品种鸿源83的根肿病防治效果分别达65.12%和77.92%。经鉴定,YN201305为短小芽孢杆菌,YN201310为枯草芽孢杆菌。  相似文献