辣椒抗疫病性鉴定及辣椒疫霉药剂敏感性分析     

杨叔青  闫宁宁  胡栓红  付崇毅  赵君 《北方园艺》2022,(1):53-58

以27份辣椒种质资源为试材,采用游动孢子灌根法进行了抗疫病水平的鉴定,以期筛选抗疫病的辣椒种质资源。结果表明:鉴定为高抗水平的材料共有3份,占供试材料的11%;其中L151的病情指数最低,为2.86,其次为L19,病情指数为5.71。鉴定为抗病水平的材料共有6份,占供试材料的22%,病情指数介于10.00~30.00。中抗材料有3份,占供试材料的11%,其余15份材料均为感病材料,占供试材料的56%。同时,为了评估辣椒疫霉菌对杀菌剂的敏感性,室内条件下测定了杀菌剂氟啶胺和氰霜唑对疫霉菌菌丝生长的抑制率。表明氟啶胺和氰霜唑对7株疫霉菌菌丝生长抑制率的区间范围分别为42.68%~71.85%和1.87%~55.01%;其中氰霜唑对菌株P5的抑制率最低,仅为1.87%,对菌株P1和P2的抑制率也较低,分别为22.38%和37.50%,预示着供试的部分辣椒疫霉菌菌株对氰霜唑存在不同程度的抗药性风险。  相似文献   

甜菜褐斑病内生拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史应武  娄恺  李春  王红刚  江雨丽 《植物病理学报》2009,39(2):221-224

 Three hundred and one endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from healthy sugar beet plants in severely diseased plots in Changji County,Xinjiang Province.Three endophytic bacteria strains,1-5,4-1 and 4-3,showed relatively strong antagonistic against Cercospora beticola.Strain 1-5 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa,while strains 4-1 and 4-3 were as Bacillus flexus and Stenotrophomonas sp. by their morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics.The results from several experiment trials showed that the endophytic bacteria could reduce the disease incidence of sugar beet.The control efficiency reached from 67.6% to 80.2%, indicating that biocontrol with endophytic bacteria was an alternative and potential method to control sugar beet fungi disease.  相似文献   

Effect of the new pyrazole carboxamide fungicide penthiopyrad on late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut     

Culbreath AK  Brenneman TB  Kemerait RC  Hammes GG 《Pest management science》2009,65(1):66-73

BACKGROUND: Management of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola Hori.), late leaf spot [Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & MA Curtis) Deighton] and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the southeastern USA is heavily dependent upon sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (SBI) and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. Effective new fungicides with different modes of action could improve overall disease control and extend the utility of the current fungicides. Penthiopryad is a pyrazole carboxamide fungicide being evaluated for use on peanut. Field experiments were conducted from 2004 to 2007 to determine the effect of a range of rates (0–0.36 kg AI ha^?1) of penthiopyrad on leaf spot and stem rot and the relative efficacy of penthiopyrad and current fungicide standards chlorothalonil, tebuconazole and azoxystrobin. RESULTS: Leaf spot control in plots treated with penthiopyrad at 0.20 kg AI ha^?1 or higher was similar to or better than that for the chlorothalonil standard. The incidence of stem rot for all penthiopyrad treatments was usually less than that for the tebuconazole or azoxystrobin standard treatments. Pod yields for all penthiopyrad treatments were similar to or higher than those for the respective standards. CONCLUSION: Penthiopyrad has excellent potential for management of late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut, and may complement current SBI and QoI fungicides. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

水杨酸诱导辣椒抗疫病生化机制的研究   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13  

毛爱军  王永健  冯兰香  耿三省  许勇 《中国农学通报》2005,21(5):219-219

对水杨酸（SA）处理及其挑战接种辣椒疫霉菌的4个抗性不同的辣椒品系体内木质素含量和多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性的测定结果表明：SA诱导的供试品系与未经诱导的相同品系相比,木质素含量增高,PPO、POD、PAL活性增强,其中木质素的含量与抗病性呈显著正相关;挑战接种后两者相比,SA处理的供试材料的木质素含量和PPO、POD、PAL活性的增强幅度更大,其中抗、耐病品系的增加早且增加幅度高于感病、高感品系。值得注意的是,经SA诱导的各供试品系接种后木质素含量与抗病性也呈显著相关。木质素含量与相关酶活性的上述变化趋势与SA对各品系的诱抗效果完全吻合。  相似文献   

农抗120和百菌清对辣椒炭疽病菌联合毒力的测定   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

韩新才 张宁肖国蓉  胡长富 《华中农业大学学报》2005,24(2):157-160

在室内用平皿菌落直径法测定了农抗120、百菌清及其4种不同配比的混剂对辣椒炭疽菌的菌丝抑制作用和毒力。结果表明,农抗120和百菌清对辣椒炭疽病菌EC50值是2777．2mg／L和1090．7mg／L,农抗120的毒力小于百菌清;农抗120与百菌清以4：1～8：1混配增效系数(SR)为2．04～3．93,具有显著的增效作用,其中农抗120与百菌清6：1增效系数最大,达3．93,为最佳配比;农抗120与百菌清6：1混配对9种植物病原真菌的平均抑菌率为84．4％,显著高于农抗120的75．5％和百菌清的66．0％。  相似文献   

人工接种与疫区诱发条件下大豆对灰斑病的抗性及后代选择研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

曹越平  杨庆凯 《作物学报》2002,28(5):680-685

大豆灰斑病菌具有较强的生理分化的特点, 不同地区及气候条件都会影响大豆灰斑病的发病程度. 本试验将两份相同的大豆杂交材料分别种植在哈尔滨人工接种条件下及阿城疫区自然诱发条件下, 比较不同鉴定条件下杂交后代及亲本的抗性表现、抗性遗传与选择效果. 结果表明, 气候因素对大豆灰斑病抗性表现的影响很大. 在任何条件下,  相似文献   

南瓜疫病菌(Phytophthora capsici)的生物学特性初探   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

张俊华  贾文香 《东北农业大学学报》1998,29(1):39-42

以南瓜疫病菌株ＰＣ－１为研究对象，分析其生物学特性。结果表明，不同培养基对菌丝生长影响不同，菌丝在葫萝卜琼脂（ＣＡ）培养基上生长要好于燕麦片琼脂（ＯＭＡ）培养基。孢子囊的产生需要有水分，同时也受温度、光照、培养基及菌龄的影响。在一定温度范围内，温度升高，孢子囊产生的速度加快且数量多，光照有利于孢子囊的产生，１０℃以下无论有无光照均不产生孢子囊。  相似文献   

圆滑番荔枝叶乙醇提取物不同萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌的抑菌活性测定     

苟亚峰  孙世伟  高圣风  桑利伟  刘爱勤 《热带作物学报》2014,34(4):60-62

采用液-液分配法对圆滑番荔枝叶乙醇提取物进行萃取分离，得到石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯等不同萃取组分。采用生长速率法测定不同萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌的抑制作用。结果表明：乙酸乙酯萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌的抑制作用最强，其中20 mg/mL乙酸乙酯萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌菌丝生长的抑制率达到74.43%，具有较好的抑菌效果。  相似文献   

Responses of soybean genotypes to pathogen infection after the application of elicitors     

《Crop Protection》2016

Soybean diseases and pests can affect soybean production. One emerging pest management method is to treat plants with chemical elicitors at nontoxic levels to induce host resistance. The objective of this research was to determine if elicitors, benzothiadiazole (BTH), chitosan (CHT), phenylalanine (PHE), and salicylic acid (SA), applied to soybean foliage could alter the response of soybean genotypes to soybean pathogens. Two of the soybean genotypes had been previously shown to produce high or low amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to elicitation. In the greenhouse, soybean genotypes were challenged with three pathogens 48 h after elicitation. Plants of the cultivar Pharaoh (susceptible control) treated with SA, and then inoculated with Macrophomina phaseolina had a shorter (α = 0.05) stem lesion length (34 mm) than the water control (55 mm). Plants of soybean genotype LD00-2817p (high capacity to produce ROS) and the cultivar Sloan treated with BTH, PHE, or SA, and then inoculated with Phytophthora sojae had greater (α = 0.05) survival rates than plants treated with the water control. The four elicitors and a water control were evaluated on LD00-2817p and LDX01-1-65 in the field for two consecutive years. Foliar disease incidence and severity were low for both years, although there were some differences in stem disease ratings. For example, charcoal rot stem severity rating was reduced (α = 0.05) from 2.0 in the water control to 1.1 with a PHE treatment for LD00-2817p and was reduced (α = 0.05) from 3.8 in the water control to 2.6 with SA for LDX01-1-65 in 2013. Both greenhouse controlled experiments and field experiments showed that genotype-specific elicitation reduced disease severity in some cases, but the differences were greater under controlled-inoculated conditions.  相似文献   

甜菜抗褐斑病菌的田间调查与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李永刚  马凤鸣 《东北农业大学学报》2012,43(4):84-87

文章对黑龙江省3个地区不同甜菜品种褐斑病菌的抗性进行了田间调查和分析。结果表明,哈尔滨香坊实验实习基地种植的10个甜菜品种对褐斑病菌抗性存在差异,抗性较强的为中多0704和中单0702,Bastion抗性较差,病情指数最高为20.99;拜泉县郊种植14个甜菜品种对褐斑病菌存在差异,抗性较强有爱丽斯、KWS5145和KWS0149等,其中普瑞宝、甜研307和KWS9400抗性较差,病情指数最高可达43.70;依安县郊种植20个甜菜品种对褐斑病菌抗性存在差异,抗性较强为KWS0149,其中BETA464、BETA812、KWS9145、Hi0474和Hi0732抗性较差,病情指数最高可达27.61。同时,对比KWS0149和KWS4121在3个地区的抗性表现也存在较大差异。  相似文献