基于AFLP的菊属、亚菊属及其近缘属的属间关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵宏波  缪恒彬  吴国盛  陈发棣  郭维明 《中国农业科学》2010,43(6):1302-1313

【目的】由于研究材料、地理分布等条件的限制,菊属(Dendranthema)、亚菊属(Ajania)及其近缘属的属间关系未得到很好解决。核糖体ITS区和叶绿体trnL/trnF间区等相关分子序列解析用于研究植物系统进化具有较大优势,但在菊属及其近缘属等相关类群间存在信息位点低的问题,而AFLP标记以其高多态性的优点在亲缘关系很近类群的系统演化研究中表现出一定的优势,因此本研究利用AFLP技术对菊属、亚菊属及其近缘属的属间关系进行研究,旨在分析和探讨菊属、亚菊属及其近缘属的系统关系,同时为菊花(D.×grandiflorum)等材料的遗传育种提供参考。【方法】利用9对荧光标记引物对东亚蒿亚族菊属、亚菊属及其近缘类群共50个分类单元进行AFLP分析,同时分别利用SPSS11.0软件采用非加权平均数UPGMA方法和PAUP*4.0b10软件采用最大简约法进行聚类分析。【结果】AFLP分析共获得1695个多态性条带。根据相似性系数,无论是整个蒿亚族及其近缘类群内部,还是菊属、亚菊属内部,均表现出较高的遗传多样性,种间分化明显。【结论】无论是UPGMA聚类分析结果还是构建的最大简约树,AFLP结果均将菊属和Arctanthemum先聚为一亚分支,各自形成两个种群,各自种群包含亚菊属的个别类群;亚菊属的大部分类群和太行菊属(Opisthopappus)形成另一亚分支,与菊属亚分支互为姐妹群形成菊属-亚菊属大分支。这说明菊属和亚菊属可能是由共同的祖先类群平行演化而来,其中亚菊属的多花亚菊(A.myriantha)、铺散亚菊(A.khartensis)等与菊属亲缘关系较近,而原产日本的矶菊(A.pacifica)、盐菊(A.shiwogiku)等是亚菊属中较进化类型;太行菊属的系统地位可能更接近于蒿亚族;短舌菊属(Brachanthemum)则被排除于菊属群之外。柳叶亚菊(A.salicifolia)、异叶亚菊(A.variifolia)等应从亚菊属中分离出来,支持单列成栎叶菊属(Phaeostigma)。  相似文献   

毛华菊花朵形态变异   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24  

王文奎  周春玲  戴思兰 《北京林业大学学报》1999,21(3):92-95

在野外调查中发现,毛华菊（Ｄｅｎｄｒａｎｔｈｅｍａｖｅｓｔｉｔｕｍ）的花朵存在丰富的变异,而且这些变异形态和栽培菊花（Ｄ．×ｇｒａｎｄｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ）的花形变化极为相似．该文参照栽培菊花花形的分类,对这些变异类型进行了整理．同时,也对毛华菊花朵变异的原因进行了初步的探讨．  相似文献   

三个药用菊品种的细胞学研究   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  

陈发棣  陈佩度 《南京农业大学学报》1997,20(2):28-31

对原产中国的３个药用菊品种－抗白菊，滁菊，怀菊的核型及减数分裂进行了研究，结果表明，抗白菊２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３６＝２Ｍ＋１８ｍ＋１６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）减粉分裂中期Ｉ（ＭＩ）平均每个芬粉母细胞（ＰＭＣ）有０．２０Ｉ＋１７．７０Ⅱ＋０．１０Ⅳ，滁菊２ｎ＝６ｘ＝５４＝２４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ＋２ｔ，在ＭＩ平均每个ＰＭＣ有０．４４Ｉ＋２６．６６Ⅱ＋０．０６Ⅳ，怀菊２ｎ＝６ｘ＋１＝５５＝６Ｍ＋２６ｍ＋１  相似文献   

三峡地区20种植物甲醇提取物的抗真菌活性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄桂荣  杜晓英  徐大高  张慧  潘汝谦  徐汉虹 《华南农业大学学报》2007,28(3):37-41

以6种重要的植物病原真菌:荔枝霜疫霉菌Peronophthora litchii、黄瓜疫霉菌Phytophthora melonis、稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea、稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani、西瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum和香蕉炭疽病菌Colletotrichum musae为供试菌,对采自三峡地区的20种植物的甲醇提取物的抑制菌丝生长活性进行离体测定.结果表明:在甲醇提取物干质量浓度为10 mg/mL下,对荔枝霜疫霉菌抑菌活性较高的植物有山萝花Melampyrum roseum(100%)、毛华菊Dendranthema vestitum(100%)和金缕梅Hamamelis mollis(82.35%)等12种;对黄瓜疫霉菌抑菌活性较高的植物有山萝花(100%)、毛华菊(96.23%)和兰香草Caryopteris incana(82.43%)等12种;对稻瘟病菌表现较高抑菌率的植物是金缕梅(61.51%)和宜昌润楠Machilus ichangensis(61.51%);对稻纹枯病菌有较高抑菌率的植物是透骨草Phryma leptostachya(78.48%)和歪头菜Vicia unijuga(78.03%);对西瓜枯萎病菌和香蕉炭疽病菌抑菌率最高的植物均是金缕梅,抑菌率分别为51.12%和61.07%.对植物抑菌活性筛选中植物材料干质量的总抑制活性进行了讨论.  相似文献   

几种天然蛋白原料水解物的除草活性初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨剑  ;于兴娜;卢昌义 《植物保护》2007,33(3):86-89

以鱼粉、肉骨粉、豆粕、菜籽粕及芡粉等几种天然蛋白原料为底物,以碱性蛋白酶为水解酶制备出天然蛋白原料的水解物,用培养皿生物分析法检测不同蛋白原料水解物在不同浓度(0.5、1、2、5 mg/mL)条件下对杂草野菊种子的生根抑制活性。结果表明:不同蛋白原料制备出的水解物对野菊种子萌发根系生长均有抑制作用,并且随着浓度增加其抑制活性增强,不同蛋白原料水解物的除草活性有显著性差异,其除草活性顺序为:鱼粉水解物>肉骨粉水解物>豆粕水解物>菜籽粕水解物>芡粉水解物,水解物的根抑制活性与原料的蛋白含量及其水解物的多肽含量成正相关性,作者推测,天然蛋白水解物中的多肽可能是植物种子萌发时根系生长抑制活性物质,但这种根抑制活性究竟是由于特异性多肽的化感作用还是植物种子萌发时对高氮胁迫反应有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

小菊悬浮细胞培养与植株再生研究     

陈发棣  蒋甲福  郭维明  房伟民  赵宏波 《园艺学报》2006,33(5):1021-1026

 以小菊‘七月红’品种为试材, 进行了细胞悬浮培养及植株再生诱导的探讨。结果表明, MS+ 1.0 mg·L ^-1 2, 4-D + 0.2 mg·L ^-1 6-BA培养基适合从试管苗茎段有效诱导生长迅速、质地疏松的愈伤组织。获得的愈伤组织在MS + 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} 2, 4-D + 0.2 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA液体培养基中振荡培养, 建立细胞悬浮培养体系。悬浮细胞的生长曲线呈上升的半抛物线型, 细胞生长大致分缓慢生长期(0～2 d) 、对数生长期(2～10 d) 和停滞期(10 d以后) ; 随着悬浮细胞生长, 培养液pH值迅速下降。悬浮细胞固液双层培养表明, 在培养基MS + 0.2 mg·L ^{- 1} KT + 0.2 mg·L ^{- 1} 2, 4-D上植板率最高; 4℃低温2 h处理能促进悬浮细胞生长, 提高植板率; 随着继代次数增加植板率呈下降趋势。培养1个月后, 形成了直径约0.2 cm的愈伤组织, 将其转到MS + 2 mg·L ^-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} NAA培养基后, 继代4次, 分化后出芽; 分化芽在培养基MS + 0.5 mg·L ^-1 NAA上诱导生根, 形成小植株。  相似文献   

甘菊中FLORICAULA／LEAFY同源基因DFL的基因组序列（登录号：KX672542）     

马月萍戴思兰  方晓华陈凡 申业 《分子植物育种》2005,3(2):293-294

There are many genes which control the flowering development. FLORICAULA/LEA FY gene is one of controlling flower meristem identity of plant. We isolated the homologue gene (DFL) of FLORICA ULA/LEA FY from D. lavandulifolium. The genomic sequence of DFL include three extron and two intron. The number and position of introns are conserved with other most FLORICA ULA/LEA FY homologue. This result is helpful for better understanding the mechanisms of plant flowering and may have important effect in the forestry and angriculture.  相似文献   

野菊挥发油成分研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高致明  喜进安  宋鸿雁 《河南农业大学学报》1997,(4)

采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术分析出野菊（ＤｅｎｄｒａｎｔｈｅｍａｉｎｄｉｃｕｍＤｅｓｍｏｎｌ．）挥发油化学成分１８种，其中单萜类３种，单萜类衍生物７种，倍半萜类６种，倍半萜类衍生物１种，其它１种。１，８－桉叶素的相对含量最高，为２５６８％，其次为樟脑和反丁香烯，分别为１８２１％和１２０２％。  相似文献   

Inheritance of flower color in Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) using cultivars and inbreds. II. Vacuole pigmentation     

Tim. M. Teynor  Peter D. Ascher  R. E. Widmer  J. J. Luby 《Euphytica》1989,42(3):297-305

Summary Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) garden cultivars Vulcan, with deep red ray florest, and Superior, with orange ray petals, were crossed as female with 16 inbred clones and the progeny assessed visually for flower color in 3 environments. Intensity of vacuole pigmentation in ray florets appeared to vary continuously. Evaluation was facilitated by placing plants in 7 color classes ranging from red, the most intense, through orange, an intermediate intensity, to yellow, the apparent lack of vacuole pigmentation. A simple hexaploid model with additive gene action, suggested by the 7 color classes, was inappropriate, as more than 50% of the plants in Vulcan families were red and more than 60% of the plants in Superior families were orange. Comparing evaluations of parental clones in 2 glasshouse and 2 field environments and considering data from an experiment, in which progeny first classified in the glasshouse were reevaluated in the field, revealed substantial shifts in classification. In the glasshouse, more individuals appeared in the red and orange classes, while field evaluation placed more individuals in classes adjacent to red and orange. However, the predominance of progeny in the color class of the common parent, that is, red for the Vulcan and orange for the Superior families, occurred in both glasshouse and field. Plants scored as other than red appeared in crosses between Vulcan and 3 red inbreds, suggesting that red ray petals are not conditioned by a homozygous genotype. The orange of Superior and orange progeny may be due to a single dominant gene causing mosaic-like distribution of red vacuole pigmentation over yellow plastid pigmentation. Because cloned genotypes were classified differently in diverse environments, critical genetic analysis of vacuole pigmentation will require cloned progeny and multiple-environment evaluation.  相似文献   

Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of flower color phenotypes in Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramatuelle inbreds and clonal cultivars     

Neil O. Anderson  Peter D. Ascher  Richard E. Widmer 《Euphytica》1988,37(3):229-239

Summary Four glasshouse and 13 garden chrysanthemum cultivars or inbred seedlings from the color groups white, yellow, pink/purple, and orange/red/bronze were analyzed with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for qualitative and quantitative pigment constituents. TLC confirmed the presence of eight carotenoids in yellow and bronze cultivars. Qualitative differences exised only for spots 5–8. Rf values for lutein matched those of spot 4. Flavonoid analysis of purples and bronzes revealed two anthocyanidins, one of which was cyanidin, one flavone, and two phenylpropanoids. White cultivars had four phenylpropanoids, two of which were caffeic and ferulic acids. In most cases, inbred and non-inbred cultivars within a given phenotypic class did not exhibit qualitative differences. Color analysis could be pursued at any level of inbreeding, but inheritance studies would be severely hampered using non-inbred genotypes of this hexaploid floricultural crop.  相似文献