小麦热激蛋白基因TaHSP70克隆及其在植物防卫和抗逆反应中的表达分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

安艳秋  蔺瑞明  冯晶  王凤涛  徐世昌  许玉凤 《分子植物育种》2011,9(4):402-409

热激蛋白是一类结构非常保守的分子伴侣类型的应激蛋白,在调控动、植物代谢和信号传导等方面发挥重要作用.本研究利用同源克隆法,筛选非亲和条锈菌小种CYR32侵染诱导的cDNA文库,分离获得1个HSP70家族基因的全长cDNA序列TaHSP70.序列分析发现,该cDNA片段包含1个2 412 by开放阅读框,推测其编码包含6...  相似文献   

分子标记选择小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4b、Pm13和Pm21聚合体   总被引：43，自引：2，他引：43  

张增艳  陈孝  张超  辛志勇  陈新民 《中国农业科学》2002,35(7):789-793

 培育多个抗病基因聚合的小麦品种是提高其抗病广谱性和持久性的有效途径之一。利用小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4、Pm13、Pm2 1的特异PCR标记 ,对含有Pm4b、Pm13、Pm2 1的小麦品系复合杂交F2 代 4 0个植株进行检测 ,从中选择到Pm4b +Pm13+Pm2 13个基因聚合的抗病植株 11个 ,检测、选择到Pm4b +Pm13、Pm4b +Pm2 1、Pm13+Pm2 12个基因聚合的抗病植株 19个 ,为持久、广谱抗病小麦育种奠定了基础。研究还表明 ,3个独立的显性抗病基因在F2 代分离群体中的分离比例基本符合孟德尔独立分配定律 ,在小麦背景下的遗传稳定性 ,与该基因供体和普通小麦的亲缘关系密切相关 ,亲缘关系越远 ,丢失的概率越大。因此 ,在育种过程中对外源基因鉴定和跟踪非常必要  相似文献   

我省小麦白粉菌小种及抗性遗传的初步研究分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王新民  贾庄德  徐关印 《邯郸农业高等专科学校学报》2003,20(4):1-3

把贵白4、16、64号与我省一些白粉病菌系进行比较鉴定，初步发现目前我省生产上小麦白粉病菌优势小种为类似贵白16号的冀白2号，但还没有致病力更强的64号小种。另外，用冀白2号、贵白16号和贵白64号小种分别对2个小麦抗源与我省部分感病品种杂交的F1、F2幼苗离体叶段接种，通过抗性遗传分析，发现抗源2号对冀白2号和贵白64号小种的抗性分别由l对显抗白粉病基因控制。  相似文献   

十个芍药品种气孔特性研究     

赵洲  徐振军  段永平  袁树仙  刘冰 《北方园艺》2011,(24):89-92

选取10个品种的芍药作为研究对象,观察芍药叶片气孔的形态、分布规律,并对其气孔大小、气孔长宽比、表皮细胞密度、气孔密度及气孔指数等进行品种间比较及差异分析.结果表明:10个品种的芍药叶片气孔形态及分布规律一致.各项指标的品种内变异系数均较小.4个品种(1、2、8、9)的4项指标(气孔长度、宽度、长宽比及气孔指数)均没有差异.2个品种(1、9)的5项指标(气孔长度、宽度、长宽比、气孔密度及气孔指数)均没有差异.各项指标相比较,气孔宽度和气孔指数在各品种间变化较小.气孔密度与气孔长度呈反相关.结果不支持将气孔长度、宽度、气孔长宽比、气孔密度、气孔指数及表皮细胞密度作为芍药种或品种分类的依据.  相似文献   

Race Specific Powdery Mildew Resistance in 31 Northwest European Wheat Cultivars   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

M. S. Hovmøller 《Plant Breeding》1989,103(3):228-234

Race specific powdery mildew resistance in 23 winter wheat cultivars, eight spring wheat cultivars, and 14 lines/cultivars possessing known powdery mildew resistance genes, has been studied by analyzing host/pathogen interactions. The cultivars were tested as intact seedlings, and as detached primary leaf segments on water agar; both methods revealed reproducible and concordant results. The 45 cultivars/lines were divided into 24 resistance spectra according to the patterns of reaction to the powdery mildew isolates used. Of the 31 cultivars investigated, eight did not possess any of the resistance genes detected, and the remaining 23 were divided in 16 resistance spectra. The race specific resistance of nine cultivars was conferred by the single resistance genes Pm2, Pm4b, Pm5/Ml-i: or Pm6, while the race specific resistance of 14 cultivars was conferred by 2, 3, 4 or 5 genes in combination.  相似文献   

瓜类白粉病抗性育种研究进展   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

刘秀波  崔琦  崔崇士 《东北农业大学学报》2005,36(6):794-798

文章概述了引起瓜类白粉病病原菌的种类与其分布,S.fuliginea和E.cichoracearum的致病力类型和生理小种的分化,分子标记在瓜类白粉病病原菌群体遗传差异检验中的应用及瓜类抗白粉病的遗传基础。  相似文献   

Identification of resistance to rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) in Portuguese common bean germplasm     

Susana T. Leitão  Nuno F. Almeida  Ana Moral  Diego Rubiales  Maria Carlota Vaz Patto 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(6):654-657

Portugal has a diverse common bean germplasm, which is still grown in farmers' fields. In this work, we searched for resistance to rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) in a representative collection of the Portuguese common bean germplasm. Despite many accessions depicting intermediate levels of resistance when compared to the susceptible check, 24 and 13 accessions showed low levels of infection, in spite of a compatible interaction (disease severity (DS) values lower than 5% and infection type (IT) of 4), to rust and powdery mildew, respectively, indicative of partial resistance. Moreover, a resistant reaction was observed in 11 accessions when inoculated with powdery mildew (IT = 0–1) and in additional 11 accessions (one in common) when inoculated with rust (IT = 0–2). The levels of resistance found in this report anticipate great potential of the Portuguese national germplasm, recently reported as genetically closer to the Andean common bean gene pool, for disease resistance breeding of this important crop.  相似文献   

Resistance to powdery mildew in a doubled haploid barley population and its association with marker loci   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

I. Falak  D.E. Falk  N.A. Tinker  D.E. Mather 《Euphytica》1999,107(3):185-192

The genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f.sp. hordei Marchal) was analyzed using doubled haploid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines from the cross Harrington/TR306. Based on infection types observed after inoculation with defined single-conidium isolates, the lines were classified into four groups. The observed phenotypic ratio fit a two-locus model. The two putative loci were mapped relative to molecular markers. One coincided with the previously mapped dMlg locus on chromosome 4. Based on the observed infection types, Harrington carries the Mlg resistance allele, and TR306 carries a second locus on chromosome 7 (5H); this was tentatively designated Ml(TR). It is the first reported race-specific powdery mildew resistance gene located on that chromosome. These two loci were also detected by simple interval mapping of disease severity data from naturally infected field plots. Composite interval mapping with the first two resistance loci as co-factors detected an additional locus on chromosome 6, with a minor effect on resistance. Finally, superimposing the race-specific classification onto the field data provided evidence for a minor-effect locus on chromosome 7 (5H). The Mlg locus had the largest effect, the Ml(TR) locus had an intermediate effect and the other two loci had very small effects. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an integrated approach to identifying and mapping resistance loci using classification data from inoculated experiments and quantitative data from field experiments. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Effects of adjuvants on the performance of a novel powdery mildew fungicide, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-phenylpiperidine     

B. Terence Grayson  Paul J. Price  David Walter 《Pest management science》1997,51(2):206-212

The effects of adjuvants on the performance of a dispersible concentrate formulation (DCI) of a novel powdery mildew fungicide, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (I) were investigated. The method involved assessment, under glasshouse conditions, of the therapeutic (curative) control of infections of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC f.sp. hordei Marchal) on barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) eight to nine days after spray application to plants that had been inoculated one day prior to spraying. The results from the first trial showed that marked improvements (∽five-fold) in the performance of DCI could be obtained by the spray tank addition of some types of surfactant adjuvants and a series of further trials investigating a wide range of adjuvants was conducted. Nonylphenol, alkylamine and alcohol ethoxylates varying in mean ethylene oxide content between 5 and 20 moles were highly effective. There were indications that optimum performance enhancements were obtained with these surfactants containing between 5 and 10 moles ethylene oxide. Lower enhancements, sometimes only marginal, were obtained from trisiloxane, phosphate ester, propylene oxide, alkylamine-propylene oxide and castor oil ethoxylates and also alkyl polyglucoside biosurfactants. Negligible adjuvant enhancements were observed with emulsifiable paraffinic/naphthenic and rape seed oils, though slightly better enhancements were seen with an emulsifiable transmethylated rape seed oil and, interestingly, larger enhancements with an emulsifiable lipophilic alcohol. A final trial identified the alcohol ethoxylate, ‘Dobanol’ 91-6, as the most effective adjuvant and that its optimum application rate under glasshouse conditions was 250 g ha^-1. This information will be used to guide the design of field trials. © 1997 SCI  相似文献   

Sterol composition of isolates of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici differing in sensitivity to fenpropimorph     

Antonius J. G. Engels  Maarten A. De Waard 《Pest management science》1998,52(3):258-262

Isolates of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici with wild-type or reduced sensitivity to fenpropimorph were similar in sterol composition, viz. ergosta-5,24(28)-dienol (±90%) and episterol (±10%). Following treatment with fenpropimorph, the relative content of episterol increased in conidia of all isolates tested, while that of ergosta-5,24(28)-dienol decreased. These results suggest that fenpropimorph, under the test conditions used, does not inhibit activity of sterol Δ¹⁴-reductase or Δ⁸→Δ⁷-isomerase but probably interferes with the final part of the demethyl sterol synthesis. However, modifications in this part of the pathway are probably not responsible for the decreased sensitivity of the pathogen to the fungicide. © 1998 SCI.  相似文献