Encasement of Erysiphe graminis haustoria after treatment with bromuconazole     

Madeleine Mangin-Peyrard  Rgis Ppin 《Pest management science》1996,46(2):121-130

Preventive application of bromuconazole caused reduction in size and increased encasement rate of haustoria of Erysiphe graminis DC. For example, seven days after inoculation, 60 and 70% of haustoria had been encased in leaves treated with 8 mg litre⁻¹ and 16 mg litre⁻¹ respectively; the average length of the digitations was 8–10 μm in treated cells compared to 24 μm in untreated cells. The encasement process extended from the neck region to the whole haustorium. Haustorial bodies from treated plants had electron-dense cytoplasm and their organelles were more difficult to identify than in control plants. Extrahaustorial matrix was reduced to an unusually thin, osmiophilic pellicle, surrounded by abundant heterogeneous encasement material. Curative treatment induced similar changes, especially in the margin of the colonies. In the centre of the colony, haustoria were less affected by the fungicide; deposition of collar-like material, modification of extrahaustorial matrix and membrane and accumulation of plant cytoplasm around the digitations resulted in an intermediate, ‘swollen’ state of digitate haustoria. The possible pathway of encasement events is discussed.  相似文献   

周口地区大叶黄杨白粉病菌的鉴定和进化分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张怡  刘严  康静敏  马晓萌  傅露露  乔月娥  李成伟 《东北林业大学学报》2011,39(11):61-63

对周口地区的大叶黄杨白粉病菌进行了显微形态、核糖体DNA转录间隔区(ITS)及进化树分析。结果表明:在扫描电子显微镜下病菌分生孢子呈圆柱形或椭圆形,无支链;ITS序列与来自日本和阿根廷的Erysipheeuonymi-japonici的ITS序列聚在一个进化枝上。表明来自河南周口地区的白粉病属于E.euonymi-japonici,与日本和阿根廷的E.euonymi-japonici亲缘关系最近。  相似文献   

A host-pathogen simulation model: powdery mildew of grapevine     

A. Calonnec  P. Cartolaro  J.-M. Naulin  D. Bailey †  M. Langlais 《Plant pathology》2008,57(3):493-508

An epidemiological model simulating the growth of a single grapevine stock coupled to the dispersal and disease dynamics of the airborne conidia of the powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe necator was developed. The model input variables were either climatic (temperature, wind speed and direction) or related to the pathogen (location and onset of primary infection). The environmental input variables dictated plant growth and pathogen spread (latent period, infection, lesion growth, conidial spore production and release). Input parameters characterized the crop production system, the growth conditions and the epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen. Output described, at each time step, number, age and pattern of healthy and infected organs, infected and infectious leaf area and aerial density of spores released. Validation of the model was achieved by comparing model output with experimental data for epidemics initiated at different times of host growth. Epidemic behaviour for two contrasting years of crop development and 7 phenological stages at the time of primary infection (PI) was examined. For PI occurring at day 115 a vine with late budbreak (1998) showed 58% of primary leaves diseased at flowering compared with only 19% for a vine with early budbreak (2003). Depending on the phenological stage at PI (1–4 leaves), the proportion of diseased primary leaves decreased from 42% to 6% at flowering. Simulations suggested that differences resulted from the interplay between the timing of the first sporulation event, the phenological stage at the time of initial infection, and the age structure and spatial distribution of the leaf population.  相似文献   

刺槐白粉病病原菌鉴定     

迟梦宇  钱恒伟  赵颖  荆佳辰  梁晨  黄金光 《植物病理学报》2016,46(5):707-709

<正>刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)又名洋槐,属蝶形花科刺槐属的落叶乔木。原生于北美洲,现被广泛引种到亚洲、欧洲等地。刺槐白粉病是刺槐叶部、嫩枝病害,能降低叶片光合作用,严重的引起叶部畸形、茎尖和枝梢枯死。Braun最早记载中国刺槐白粉病病原菌为Microsphaera subtrichotoma~([1,2])。刺槐白粉病在日本也有报道,引起白粉病的病原菌为Erysiphe  相似文献   

Epidemiological studies on powdery mildew of mungbean and urdbean     

M. P. Thakur  K. C. Agrawal 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):146-153

Abstract

Powdery mildew of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and urdbean ( V. mungo L. Hepper) caused by Erysiphe polyponi DC during the winter/spring season is a severe constraint in the production of bean crops in the Chhattisgarh region of Madhya Pradesh. Keeping this in view, studies were made to understand the development of powdery mildew in relation to crops, varieties, weather conditions and their effect on yield. The first appearance of powdery mildew in 33 mungbean and 18 urdbean varieties was 1 week earlier during winter 1992–93 than winter 1991–92. Its development was most rapid each year when the average maximum temperature varied from 27.2 to 30.3°C, relative humidity from 67 to 90% during the morning and 12 to 38% at noon, and wind velocity from 2.3 to 4.1 km/h. A positive correlation occurred between mildew severity and temperatures and wind velocity in most of the varieties. However, the correlation with relative humidity was negative and significant except in a few varieties. The pooled infection rates (r)/unit/day on resistant mungbean and urdbean varieties was less than 0.1 with disease scores of 1–5 while in apparently slow mildewing varieties, rvalues were also less than 0.1 but showed a score of 7–9. The effect of disease levels on grain yield of urdbean had a negative and significant correlation. However, it was negative but not significant in the case of mungbean. Grain yield was considerably higher when the crops were protected with one spray of Bavistin (1 kg/ha in 5001 of water) followed by Sulfex (3 kg/ha in 5001 of water) than in the untreated control. The disease scores in sprayed plots were also markedly less and ranged between 0 and 5 as against 1 and 9 in the untreated control in different varieties.  相似文献   

速保利防治小麦白粉病效果研究     

井金学  商鸿生  朱文武 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,23(6):96-99

速保利防治小麦白粉病保护作用显著，施用２５μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）的药液可使叶片不受白粉菌侵染。该药剂治疗作用良好，各病程施药均可铲除已发生的侵染，５０μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）的浓度即可达到治疗目的。该药剂有较长的持效期，用药量为种重的０．００５％～０．０１％时持效期为１５ｄ左右，０．０２％～０．０２５％时为２５ｄ，０．０３７５％时为３５ｄ．  相似文献   

白粉病菌初生芽管对小麦诱导抗性的细胞学研究     

胡东维  李振岐  康振生 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,25(2):6-11

利用多种细胞学方法对不同抗病性小麦白粉菌初生芽管的侵染行为及寄主细胞的诱导抗性进行了研究。结果表明，病菌初生芽管可诱导单个寄主细胞，产生比大麦和燕麦更为强烈的抗性，足以抵制后来附着胞的入侵，且这种诱导抗性还可向相邻细胞传递；在超微结构上，诱导抗性表现为寄主乳突反应能力增强，寄主细胞能够在附着胞入侵位点下，产生比高乳突抗性品种结构更为精致和坚硬的半圆形乳突，令附着胞入侵栓无法穿入。此外，本文还对诱导抗性的利用问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

The rapid and accurate determination of germ tube emergence site by Blumeria graminis conidia     

Alison J. Wright  Tim L. W. Carver  Barry J. Thomas  Nick I. D. Fenwick  Hitoshi Kunoh  Ralph L. Nicholson 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2000,57(6):281

The development of appressoria by germinating Blumeria graminis conidia depends on its germ tubes making contact with the host surface. Low angle, low temperature scanning electron microscopy showed that 80% or more of first-formed germ tubes of f. spp. hordei, tritici and avenae conidia emerged from close to the host leaf surface, and so made contact with it allowing them to become functional primary germ tubes. Light microscopy of f. sp.hordei confirmed this result and, in addition, showed that germ tubes frequently emerged close to, and contacted, various hydrophobic and hydrophilic artificial substrata. Geometric models of conidium-substratum interfaces were developed and a “surface point method” was derived to predict the frequency with which contact would result if germ tube emergence was a random phenomenon. However, observed contact frequencies were far higher (c. three to eight times) than predicted. Thus, the germ tube emergence site was determined as a response to substratum contact. In part, this appeared to be a non-specific response. Nevertheless, germ tube contact frequencies were greater on the curved surface of leaf epidermal cells than on planar surface, suggesting that specific recognition of leaf surface characteristics may promote directional emergence. The area of contact required to stimulate directional germ tube emergence was very small: contact with a microneedle tip or with a spiders’ suspension thread was sufficient for many conidia. Similarly, on leaves, the only contact is between the tips of a limited number of conidial wall projections and the edges of epicuticular leaf wax plates. Micromanipulation to roll conidia so that their original site of contact with a leaf was rotated away from it, led to the majority of first-formed germ tubes growing away from the leaf, i.e. emerging close to the site of original contact. The experiments indicated that the site of germ tube emergence is determined within 1 min of deposition. This implicated the release of conidial extracellular materials in recognition of the conidium-leaf surface contact site.  相似文献   

Linkage between a major gene for powdery mildew resistance and an RFLP marker on chromosome 1R of rye   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Wricke    P. Dill  P. Senft 《Plant Breeding》1996,115(1):71-73

DNA samples from an F₂ progeny which segregated for resistance to powdery mildew were bulked for resistant and susceptible individuals. In a segregant analysis, genomic rye probes which had been localized previously in a linkage map of rye were systematically screened for polymorphisms between these bulks. An RFLP marker located on linkage group 1RS was found to be tightly linked to a dominant mildew resistance gene. This is the first publication mapping a major gene for mildew resistance in rye.  相似文献   

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统敲除葡萄中VviEDR2提高对白粉病的抗性     

杨禄山  郭晔  胡洋  文颖强 《园艺学报》2020,47(4):623-634

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统定点编辑葡萄白粉病感病基因VviEDR2（Enhanced disease resistance 2）,在VviEDR2的DUF1336结构域设计靶位点VviEDR2-T1,构建CRISPR/Cas9敲除载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化‘无核白’葡萄胚性愈伤组织。对PCR阳性植株进行靶位点扩增测序,结果表明,共有8个转基因植株在靶位点处发生不同类型的双等位基因突变,编辑效率为32%;突变体植株生长势较弱,叶片较小,茎秆丛生、细弱。进一步对突变体植株进行抗病检测,结果表明,接种葡萄白粉菌（Erysiphe necator Schw.）5 d后,突变体植株叶片上白粉菌孢子仅能萌发出少量较短初级菌丝,表皮细胞产生大量明显的H2O2,而野生型叶片中白粉菌萌发出大量初级菌丝、次级菌丝和吸器,无明显H2O2产生。这些结果表明,可以利用CRISPR/Cas9技术编辑葡萄感病基因VviEDR2,提高葡萄白粉菌抗性。  相似文献