小麦根腐镰刀菌鉴定及其生物学特性   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

贾廷祥  刘传德  吴桂本  李绍敏  王英姿 《植物保护学报》1995,22(3):259-264

１９９１－１９９４年对山东省１１县市的小麦根腐病标样进行病原分离培养及致病性测定，鉴定出６种镰刀菌，有黄色镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｃｕｌｍｏｒｕｍ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ Ｓａｃｃ）、禾谷镰刀苏（Ｆ ｇｒａｍｉｎｅａｒｕｍ Ｓｃｈｗ）、尖孢镰刀苏（Ｆ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ Ｓｃｈｌ）、串珠镰刀苏（Ｆ ｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ Ｓｈｅｌｄ）茄病镰刀苏（Ｆ ｓｏｌａｎｉ（Ｍａｒｔ） Ｓａｃｃ）及木贼镰刀菌（Ｆ ｅｑ  相似文献   

A 9-year monitoring study of diseases on potato seed tubers imported to Israel     

Leah Tsror  A. Nachmias  Orly Erlich  M. Aharon  M. C. M. Pérombelon 《Phytoparasitica》1993,21(4):321-328

Potato seed tubers are imported annually to Israel from northern Europe. Although the seed is registered as certified, a survey carried out over a 9-year period indicated that most lots were affected by latent or active bacterial and fungal infections. Latent infection byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica, the causal agent of blackleg, at a level of 10³ cells/g peel, was present in 30% of the lots in most years. Black scurf caused byRhizoctonia solani was present in 20–70% of the imported lots, with a moderate to high level of infection in all years except 1985. In contrast, although many lots were affected by powdery scab, common scab, and Fusarium dry rot in most years, disease incidence within lots was generally low. The gangrene pathogen (Phoma exigua) was rarely detected. The survey findings are of marked importance, due to the extensive use of soil fumigation in Israeli agriculture.  相似文献   

Enzymatic Maceration of Witloof Chicory by the Soft Rot Bacteria Erwinia carotovora Subsp. carotovora: The Effect of Nitrogen and Calcium Treatments of the Plant on Pectic Enzyme Production and Disease Development     

Brigitte M. Schober  Tycho Vermeulen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(4):341-349

Disease incidence of bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and activities of bacterial pectolytic enzymes were studied in witloof chicory. Disease incidence after forcing of the chicory heads was enhanced by the nitrogen treatment and reduced by the calcium treatment of the chicory plants prior to forcing. Significant differences in susceptibility to bacterial soft rot were found for the tested chicory cultivars. Disease severity after 96h ranged from 6% in Clause R2 to 100% in Bea and Tabor. Chicory cultivars Rumba and Salsa showed a final average severity of 65–70%. Activity of the pectolytic enzymes, polygalacturonase and pectate lyase increased in artificially inoculated chicory heads of cultivar Rumba and was not affected by calcium and nitrogen treatments of the plants. Polygalacturonase showed highest activity 48h after inoculation while pectate lyase activity increased throughout 72h of incubation. Maceration of the chicory tissue and bacterial growth increased continuously until 96h after inoculation, when more than 60% of the chicory heads was macerated by pectolytic enzymes of the bacteria. Enzyme activity of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora grown on chicory cell wall extracts was influenced by nitrogen and calcium treatments of the chicory plants. The activity of polygalacturonase reached its highest level at 48h after incubation and pectate lyase activity peaked at 24h followed by a continuous decrease until 72h after inoculation.  相似文献   

麦根腐长蠕孢毒素的研究概况     

高必达  吴友三 《沈阳农业大学学报》1991,22(2):158-163

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蓖麻枯萎病主要发生规律的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

沙洪林  晋齐鸣  李红  李大敬 《吉林农业科学》2003,28(5):26-29

主要对蓖麻枯萎病的初侵染源和影响蓖麻枯萎病的主要因子进行了研究,初步明确了土壤、病残体、种子和有机肥是蓖麻枯萎病的主要初侵染源,轮作、不同生育期、湿度、品种和前茬作物等是影响蓖麻枯萎病发生的主要因子。  相似文献   

Seed treatment prevents vertical transmission of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium moniliforme</Emphasis>, making a significant contribution to disease control     

Marjana?Galperin  Shaul?Graf  David?KenigsbuchEmail author 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(4):344-352

Fusarium moniliforme is a widespread facultative endophyte, primarily associated with corn, where it causes extensive crop damage.F. moniliforme can be toxigenic, the carcinogenic fumonisins being accumulated predominantly when the fungus colonizes corn plants. The pathogen is transmitted both through contaminated seeds and through environmental inoculum. This study utilized markednit-mutantF. moniliforme inoculum in order to evaluate the quantitative significance of seedborne disease transmission. Greenhouse and field trials demonstrated that seedborne isolates were responsible for up to 50% ofF. moniliforme disease. Seed treatment with the fungicide prochloraz was found to control seedborne transmission and to protect againstF. moniliforme seedling blight. The elimination of seedborne inoculum resulted in reduced incidence of kernel rot and avoided the increment in soil inoculum accumulation associated with the introduction of infected seeds. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 10, 2003.  相似文献   

Isolation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Penicillium hirsutum</Emphasis> from spoiled,packaged asparagus spears in Japan     

Michihiko?SaitoEmail author  Deepak Raj?Rai  Ryoichi?Masuda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(5):304-306

During storage studies on asparagus spears packed in plastic film and held at 15°C, a Penicillium fungus was associated with subsequent spoilage. On the basis of colony characteristics, the isolate was identified as Penicillium hirsutum Diercks. This report is the first of Penicillium hirsutum causing spoilage of asparagus spears in Japan. Inoculation tests showed that among all the Penicillium species tested in this study only the identified fungus was able to infect asparagus spears.  相似文献   

Variable response of open-pollinated seedling progeny of avocado to Phytophthora root rot     

Randy?PloetzEmail author  Raymond?J.?Schnell  Jody?Haynes 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(3):262-268

Phytophthora root rot, caused byPhytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is the most important disease of avocado (Persea americana Miller). In an attempt to identify root rot-resistant rootstocks that could ultimately be used under conditions in southern Florida, we screened open-pollinated progeny of avocado from the National Germplasm Repository in Miami. From 1996 to 1998, a total of 2,355 seedlings from 51 accessions were examined in potting mix artificially infested withP. cinnamomi. Most seedlings developed severe root rot, but tolerance was observed in some families (i.e., progeny of certain accessions). Although the most susceptible families developed mean disease ratings of up to 97% root necrosis, mean ratings for the most tolerant families were less than 60%. There was also a strong relationship between the racial background of the female parent and the tolerance of seedlings. Seedlings of the West Indian race and hybrids between it and the Guatemalan race were significantly more tolerant than those from other parents (P< 0.05). Individuals in several families developed < 50% root necrosis, the arbitrary standard of tolerance in this study. Twelve families accounted for 82% (188 of 229) of the tolerant seedlings, and only two of these did not have a West Indian or Guatemalan × West Indian pedigree. Broad-sense heritability for PRR tolerance was 0.45. This is the first report on the inheritance of PRR tolerance in avocado and on the influence of genotype and racial pedigree under controlled conditions.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sheep with fleece rot in northern and middle Jordan     

El-Sukhon SN 《Veterinary dermatology》2002,13(5):247-251

A total of 162 sheep fleece samples were collected from 2315 sheep clinically examined for evidence of dermatitis. The sheep belonged to 32 flocks raised in northern and middle Jordan. Eighty-three samples showed no obvious abnormalities, whereas the remainder showed exudation (79 samples), fleece discoloration (18) and fleece roughness (40) and abscesses (7). Seventeen Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from these samples. Antibacterial resistance in vitro was common; resistance to tetracycline, amoxycillin, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole was shown by > 90% of the isolates. Resistance to norfloxacin (29.4% of isolates), ciprofloxacin (17.6%) and amikacin (17.6%) was also demonstrated. Fourteen isolates were serum resistant when assessed after 1-3 h incubation in sheep and calf sera, and their count increased by 2-2.9 and 2.5-3.5 respectively.  相似文献   

Induced resistance in cotton seedlings against fusarium wilt by dried biomass of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Penicillium chrysogenum</Emphasis> and its water extract     

Hezhong?Dong  Yigal?CohenEmail author 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(1):77-87

Dry mycelium (DM) of killedPenicillium chrysogenum and its water extract (DME) were used to induce resistance in cotton plants againstFusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum (Fov). Results showed that the efficacy of either DM or DME in controlling the disease depends on both the concentration and the mode of application. DM amended to the soil at 0.25–2% (w/w) provided 32–75% protection againstFov. Soil drench with 2–5% DME (w/v) and pre-sowing seed soakage with 5–10% DME provided 51–77% and 28–35% protection against the wilt disease, respectively, whereas no protection was obtained with foliar sprays of 1–10% DME. DM and its water extract had no direct antifungal activity on growth ofFov in vitro, suggesting that disease control with DM or DME resulted from the induction of natural defense mechanisms in the cotton plants. Soil drench with 5% DME was as effective as 2% DM powder in inducing resistance againstFov, implying that the resistance-inducing substances were mostly water-soluble. Four cotton cultivars with various genetic resistance levels againstFov were tested at the seedling stage: two resistant ‘Pima’ cultivars and two susceptible ‘Acala’ cultivars. The level of protection achieved in the two susceptible cultivars with DME was equal to, or higher than, that of the two resistant cultivars treated with water. Innate and induced peroxidase activity in cotyledons or hypocotyls and roots coincided with the level of genetic resistance and DME-induced resistance, respectively. Based on our results, an integrated control strategy ofFov with both genetic resistance and induced resistance is suggested.  相似文献