Comparisons of Three Recurrent Selection Methods in the Improvement of Maize Populations     

PENG Ze-bin LI Ming-shun LIU Xin-zhi LI Jun-qiang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(6):657-664

The maize population Csyn 4 was improved for three cycles with three recurrent selection methods MS1, MS1-HS, and MHSRRS in northern China. A total of 40 NC Ⅱ testcrosses were made by four testers with Csyn 4 and 10 improved populations, which were evaluated in four environments in the cropping season of 2005. Analysis of variance indicated a significant progress （P〈 0.05） in yield and other chief agronomic traits in the improved populations and testcrosses, demonstrating that the three recurrent selection methods were effective for increasing grain yield of testcrosses and improvement of general combining ability in maize population. The average grain yield increase of population Csyn 4 in MS1, MS1-HS, and MHSRRS recurrent selections was 266.7 kg ha^-1 （5.3%）, 288.0 kg ha^-1 （5.7%）, and 231.3 kg ha^-1 （4.6%） per cycle, while the grain yield of S 1 progeny of population for Csyn 4 was increased by 420.0 kg ha^-1 （10.9%）, 376.0 kg ha^-1 （9.8%）, and 414.7 kg ha^-1 （10.8%） per cycle in MS1, MS1-HS, and MHSRRS recurrent selections, respectively. Linear responses （b） in the MS1, MS1-HS, and MHSRRS recurrent selections were the same as the realized responses of the selection （G） for grain yield increase of Csyn 4 and S1 progeny of the populations. The grain yield of testcrosses increased by 3.3-5.2% on average per cycle. The value of heterosis did not display any differences amongst the different cycles of selections. The GCA for yield component traits of population Csyn 4 was improved significantly by means of three selection methods, whereas the GCA for plant height, ear height, days to silking, and days to pollen did not show significant increase in the recurrent selections. GCA for the number of tassel branches were decreased in the selections, while GCA for the number of plant leaves were increased, but the difference was not significant.  相似文献   

SPE-UPLC-MS法同时检测乳制品中11种三嗪类除草剂的残留   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

冯蕾  胡晓芳  许书军  郭卫民 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2011,29(2):88-94

优化固相萃取(SPE)条件,采用SPE前处理,结合超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS)检测乳制品中11种常用三嗪类除草剂,即西码津、莠去津、西草净、阿特拉津、仲丁通、扑灭通、莠灭净、扑灭津、特丁津、扑草净、特丁净的残留量.分析方法为:经过Varian Plexa SPE柱处理的乳制品,用Waters BEH C...  相似文献   

中国李和樱桃李及其种间杂种果实香气成分分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

柴倩倩  王利军  吴本宏  范培格  段伟  李绍华 《园艺学报》2011,38(12):2357-2361

 采用顶空固相微萃取—气质联用技术分析了中国李（Prunus salicina）‘绥李3号’、樱桃李（P. cerasifera）‘红果樱桃李’及其种间杂种‘蜜思李’的果实香气成分。结果表明,3种果实香气物质组成及含量存在显著差异,‘蜜思李’、‘绥李3号’和‘红果樱桃李’分别检测出58、53和29种香气成分,且‘蜜思李’香气物质含量最高;‘绥李3号’主要香气物质是醛类,‘红果樱桃李’为醇类,‘蜜思李’为酯类;γ–十二内酯和γ–癸内酯是‘蜜思李’特有香气物质;根据香气成分的种类及含量,可将‘蜜思李’和‘红果樱桃李’分别划为“酯香型”李和“醇香型”李类型。  相似文献   

Factors affecting in vitro adventitious shoot formation on internode explants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian     

Natália T. Marques  Gustavo B. Nolasco  José P. Leitão 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

The in vitro formation of newly formed adventitious buds and shoots from internodal branch segments was studied on 12-month-old plants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian. The effects of 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatments were evaluated on adventitious bud and shoot regeneration. High rates of bud initiation and shoot development were obtained both with BA supplemented medium, in the range from 1 mg L⁻¹ to 3 mg L⁻¹, and with 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA supplemented medium. NAA concentrations above 1 mg L⁻¹ significantly reduced bud initiation and shoot elongation. The results obtained using different in vitro culture vessels such as Petri dishes, tubes and glass culture jars were compared. The highest adventitious bud induction was observed in Petri dishes for internodes cultured in 2 mg L⁻¹ BA supplemented medium, with 95% responsive explants forming 9.0 ± 2.4 adventitious buds. The adventitious buds observed in Petri dishes reached a maximum height of 1 mm, with no further development, while some of the adventitious shoots cultured in tubes and glass culture jars grew over 1 cm in height. A shoot regeneration gradient of the internodes collected along the branch axis was noticed, with basal ones exhibiting higher regeneration frequency.  相似文献   

How do earthworms influence organic matter quantity and quality in tropical soils?     

Hanh Nguyen Hong  Cornelia Rumpel  Gérard Bardoux  Toan Tran Duc 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(2):223-230

Earthworms are important regulators of soil structure and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics; however, quantifying their influence on SOM cycling in tropical ecosystems remains little studied. Simulated rainfall was used to disrupt casts produced by Amynthas khami and their surrounding soil (control) into a range of small sized aggregates (50-250, 250-500, 500-2000 and 2000-5000 μm). To gain insight into how earthworms influence SOM biogeochemical composition in the aggregates, we carried out elemental and stable isotope analysis, and analytical pyrolysis (Py GC/MS). We also characterized their lignin component after oxidation with cupric oxide (CuO).The C content of smaller size fractions (<500 μm) in the control soil was higher than in the larger fractions. Our study therefore suggests that the aggregate hierarchy concept, which is used to understand soil aggregates and SOM dynamics in temperate soils, may not be applicable to the tropical Acrisol studied here. Earthworms modified SOM organization in soil aggregates. Although the isotope analyses were useful for highlighting SOM enrichment in the earthworm casts, aggregate fractions could not be classified according to particle size. Molecular analyses were necessary to indicate that SOM in all size fractions of casts consisted of relatively undecomposed material. Protection of the most labile SOM structures occurred in the smallest aggregate size fraction (50-250 μm). Py GC/MS showed that earthworm casts and control aggregates <2000 μm could be clearly distinguished according to the molecular properties of their SOM. Aggregates larger than 2000 μm, however, were most probably composed of all fractions and were not different. As a consequence, our results indicate that studies to determine the impact of earthworms on SOM turnover in soil are spatially dependant on the scale of observation.  相似文献   

樟树根材苯/醇提取物的Py-GC/MS分析     

郭林林  张党权  谷振军  韩欣  宋志丹  彭宽  章怀云 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,31(1)

对樟树根材的化学成分研究较少,制约了樟树根材高附加值产品的开发利用。采用Py—GC/MS三体联用技术研究了樟树根材的化学成分。樟树根经冷冻干燥除水,粉碎后于苯/醇溶液中进行提取处理,提取物滤液经浓缩、冷冻除水后,于热裂解器在550℃的He气流中进行热解,然后对热解产物进行GC/MS联机分析,采用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。分析结果表明,樟树根热解产物富含名贵生物医药、名贵香料成分,副产物不仅可用于高档化妆品和护肤品,还可用于生物医药以及食品、染料、工业溶剂等的原料。  相似文献   

氯氟醚菊酯气相色谱分析方法     

杨俊柱 《农药科学与管理》2011,32(5):39-41

采用气相色谱法,以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内标物,DB-17毛细管柱分离和氢火焰离子化检测器,对氯氟醚菊酯原药进行定量分析。结果表明:方法的标准偏差为0.046;变异系数为0.048%;平均回收率为99.69%。线性相关系数为0.999 6。  相似文献   

丙溴磷在稻田中的残留降解行为研究     

谢惠  龚道新 《农药科学与管理》2011,32(10):32-35

通过田间试验,研究了丙溴磷在稻田中的残留动态过程,借助气相色谱技术,得到添加回收率为80.1～113.2%,相对标准偏差为2.7～9.4%。丙溴磷在稻田水、土壤及水稻植株中的降解半衰期分别为1.9～2.2d,3.6～4.3d,1.8～2.5d;丙溴磷在稻田水、稻田土壤及水稻植株中的最低检出浓度分别为5.0×10-2mg/L、5×10-2、5.0×10-2mg/kg。  相似文献   

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定香蕉中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其降解产物   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

罗金辉  吕岱竹  林勇 《农药学学报》2011,13(5):514-518

为了研究壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚在食品中的残留量及安全性,通过乙腈提取、固相萃取法净化,建立了香蕉中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)及其降解产物壬基酚(NP)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定方法,并对流动相、监测离子和校正曲线等进行了优化和探讨。结果表明:在5~40 μ g/kg添加水平范围内,NPnEO及NP的添加回收率在75%~117%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.2%~9.6%之间;NPnEO的检出限在0.005~0.04 μ g/kg之间,NP的检出限(LOD)为0.5 μ g/kg;该方法快速、灵敏,准确度高,符合残留检测的要求。  相似文献   

生鲜乳中兽药残留的快速筛查与风险预警体系构建     

田怀香  陈彬  于海燕  周兴鑫  陈臣 《农业工程学报》2020,36(7):324-332

该研究探索并构建一种基于历史数据分析的安全预警方法,对生鲜乳中兽药残留情况进行识别、控制与评价,以便在风险发生之前做出准确判断。首先利用高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间串联质谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography-high Resolution Time-of-flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry,HPLC-TOF-MS/MS)方法对上海市各牧场的生鲜乳进行兽药残留筛查,然后以生鲜乳中泼尼松(Prednisone,Pre)残留检出数为例,利用休哈特控制图(Shewhart control charts)构建风险预警体系。结果表明:在300个生鲜乳样品中共筛查出42种兽药残留,涉及类固醇类(12种)、糖皮质类(6种)和镇静剂(5种)等12大类;在筛查的6个星期中,泼尼松检出数(Number of Prednisone Detected,Pn)控制图呈现稳定的状态;当假设第7周泼尼松检出数为6时,Pn控制图呈现稳态,未触发预警;当假设第7周泼尼松检出数为10时,Pn控制图出现异常,稳态遭到破坏,此时该批样品触发风险预警。综上,利用HPLC-TOF-MS/MS能对生鲜乳样品进行高通量的兽药残留筛查,再利用休哈特控制图结合历史数据可以对生鲜乳样品的兽药残留进行有效的风险监测和预警。  相似文献