Occurrence of Platyarthrus schoblii (Isopoda, Oniscidea) and its ant hosts in Hungary     

Elisabeth Hornung  Ferenc Vilisics  Andrs Tartally 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2005,41(3-4):129-133

The myrmecophilous Platyarthrus schoblii Budde-Lund, 1885 is widely distributed and native in the Mediterranean region. In Hungary it was first found at Budapest, in 2001, in a colony of Lasius neglectus van Loon, Boomsma and Andrásfalvy, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). This invasive and polygynous ant species is dispersing in an antropochorous way throughout Europe. There are 16 known colonies of L. neglectus in Hungary. Fourteen of them have been surveyed for the isopod, which was detected in eight cases (57%). In addition to L. neglectus, the isopod has been recently found with other native ant species [Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758), Lasius emarginatus (Olivier, 1791) and Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)] in the country. We have also found the joint occurrence of P. hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833 and P. schoblii. The co-occurrence and joint expansion of the ranges of L. neglectus and P. schoblii indicates their co-habitation and antropochorous dispersal while the appearance with L. emarginatus, L. niger and T. caespitum supports our hypothesis about possible adoption by different ant species.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of a natural population of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii analysed from field nodules and by a plant infection technique     

Samuel Duodu 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(5):1162-1165

We compared trapping of Rhizobiumleguminosarum biovar trifolii isolates under field soil and non-soil environmental conditions. Isolates were obtained from white clover (Trifoliumrepens L.) and red clover (T. pratense L.) grown directly in the field and from plants inoculated with soil from the same site using a plant infection technique. Isolates were identified by genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting using primers derived from the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences. The isolates trapped from soil dilutions in the laboratory included a number of major ERIC types that were not found in the field trapped nodules, suggesting that sampling of clover Rhizobium strains from soil dilutions may not be representative of the field nodulating population.  相似文献   

Symbiotic effectiveness and host ranges of indigenous rhizobia nodulating promiscuous soyabean varieties in Zimbabwean soils     

K. Musiyiwa  S. Mpepereki 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(6):1169-1176

Presence of indigenous rhizobia nodulating promiscuous soyabean was determined in 92, mainly sandy soils, from wetter agro-ecological zones of Zimbabwe suited to soyabean production. A total of 129 isolates were obtained from nodules of promiscuous soyabean varieties, Magoye and Hernon 147, and a specific variety, Roan grown in potted soils. Magoye nodulated in 80%, Hernon 147 in 50% and Roan in only 25% of the 92 soils tested. Rhizobia populations ranged from undetectable to 2.4×10⁴ cells g⁻¹ of soil. Twenty-one of these isolates were tested for symbiotic effectiveness on two varieties, promiscuous Magoye and specific Roan. Differences in parameters such as nodule numbers, nodule weights and total N fixed reflected diversity among the indigenous isolates. Three isolates had significantly higher N₂-fixing potential in comparison with the commercial strain MAR 1491 on promiscuous Magoye. Host ranges of 34 isolates were evaluated on nine legume species: Arachis hypogaea, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Glycine max, Macroptilium atropurpureum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sesbania sesbania, Vigna subterranea, Vigna unguiculata. Of these 34 isolates, 33 formed nodules with M. atropurpureum of which 61% were moderately effective to very effective while all nodulated V. unguiculata with 58% being moderately effective to very effective. Twenty-eight isolates nodulated V. subterranea and C. cajan (short season variety) with 76 and 36% of these being moderately to very effective, respectively. None of the isolates formed nodules on Phaseolus vulgaris, Arachis hypogaea or Sesbania sesban. Our results indicate that the ability of even specific varieties of soyabean to nodulate with indigenous isolates in African soils is greater than generally assumed.  相似文献   

Does butterfly diversity predict moth diversity? Testing a popular indicator taxon at local scales   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Taylor H. Ricketts  Gretchen C. DailyPaul R. Ehrlich 《Biological conservation》2002,103(3):361-370

Indicator taxa are often proposed as efficient ways of identifying conservation priorities, but the correlation between putative indicators and other taxa has not been adequately tested. We examined whether a popular indicator taxon, the butterflies, could provide a useful surrogate measure of diversity in a closely related but relatively poorly known group, the moths, at a local scale relevant to many conservation decisions (10⁰-10¹ km²). We sampled butterflies and moths at 19 sites representing the three major terrestrial habitats in sub-alpine Colorado: meadows, aspen forests, and conifer forests. We found no correlation between moth and butterfly diversity across the 19 sites, using any of five different diversity measures. Correlations across only meadow sites (to test for correlation within a single, species-rich habitat) were also not significant. Butterflies were restricted largely to meadows, where their host plants occur and thermal environment is favorable. In contrast, all three habitats contained substantial moth diversity, and several moth species were restricted to each habitat. These findings suggest that (1) butterflies are unlikely to be useful indicators of moth diversity at a local scale; (2) phylogenetic relatedness is not a reliable criterion for selecting appropriate indicator taxa; and (3) a habitat-based approach would more effectively conserve moth diversity in this landscape and may be preferable in many situations where indicator taxa relationships are untested.  相似文献   

墨兰炭疽病防治药剂筛选     

何育桥  程彦玲  高洋 《中国园艺文摘》2012,(4):20-21

研究墨兰炭疽病菌寄主范围及防治方法,以期对其采取有效的防治措施.测定了18种供试杀菌剂对墨兰炭疽病菌的抑菌作用和5种供试杀菌剂对墨兰炭疽病的防治效果.发现甲基托布津、多菌灵、博得、蓝普、固本、施保功、施保克、福·福锌、代森锰锌、多·福和多菌灵·嘧霉胺对该菌菌丝生长有很强的抑制作用,在浓度为500 mg/L时,抑制率为100%.盆栽防治试验表明,浓度为1000 mg/L的福·福锌对墨兰炭疽病的防治效果为100%.结果表明福·福锌是防治墨兰炭疽病的有效药剂.  相似文献   

不同寄主植物对小菜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响     

李引  冷春蒙  胡迪  仵均祥  李怡萍 《西北农业学报》2019,28(3):475-480

小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)是世界范围内十字花科植物的头号害虫,试验在26℃、光照明暗比为16L∶8D、湿度为70%的条件下,以甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)(‘秦甘70’‘秦甘80’‘绿球66’)、小青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)(‘上海四月慢’)、花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis)(‘荷兰83号’)和油菜(Brassica napus L.)(‘青杂7号’)6个不同品种4类十字花科蔬菜为食料,观察小菜蛾一个完整世代的不同生命参数,并分析取食不同十字花科寄主的小菜蛾生长发育状况及繁殖差异。结果表明:在6个不同品种4类十字花科中,取食‘荷兰83号’花椰菜的小菜蛾试验组幼虫历期、蛹历期、蛹质量、卵历期及全世代历期最短,其全世代存活率最高;取食‘上海4月慢’小青菜的小菜蛾试验组幼虫存活率、化蛹率、蛹羽化率、卵孵化率及全世代存活率最低,其成虫历期、卵历期及全世代历期为最长。在4类十字花科寄主中,小菜蛾的最适寄主植物为‘荷兰83号’花椰菜,最不适宜小菜蛾生长发育及繁殖的为‘上海四月慢’小青菜。  相似文献   

Proximate and mineral components of Viscum album var. coloratum grown on eight different host tree species     

Chul-Woo Kim  Chan-Hoon An  Hyun-Seok Lee  Jae-Seon Yi  Eun Ju Cheong  Sang-Hyun Lim  Hee-Yeon Kim 《林业研究》2019,(4):1245-1253

Mistletoes are parasite plants growing on various tree species,taking nutrients from the host.Beneficial compounds of mistletoe were used in medicine and these mistletoes were commonly collected from oak species that were not well identified.We analyzed the nutritional value by measuring proximate and mineral components of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album var.coloratum)from various host trees.Carbohydrate was the most proximate component in both leaves and twigs followed crude protein,crude fiber,crude ash and crude fat.While the contents of the proximate components and minerals varied among hosts and between plant parts,leaves contained higher crude protein and ash,and more minerals except for magnesium than twigs,although no significant difference was found inmistletoe grown on Prunus mandshurica.There were significant differences of proximate and mineral contents depending on the host species.Mistletoe grown on Chaenomeles sinensis contained higher levels of carbohydrates,crude fat,crude ash,magnesium,calcium,sodium,iron,and zinc than mistletoe grown on other species.Mistletoe grown on P.mandshurica contained high mineral levels of potassium,copper and phosphorous.The nutritional value of mistletoes were greatly influenced by the host species but among the hosts,specific nutrients accumulated in leaves more than in twigs,and vice versa.Based on the analysis,Korean mistletoe contains relatively good quality of nutrients and has high potential for dietary supplements as well as for medicinal compounds.  相似文献   

Fungicide and cultivar effects on the development and temporal progress of wheat blast under field conditions     

《Crop Protection》2016

The epidemiology of wheat blast, caused by the Triticum pathotype of Pyricularia oryzae, is poorly understood, making it very difficult to manage. We reported on the individual and combined effect of host resistance and fungicide application for managing wheat blast disease on spikes. Two field experiments (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) were conducted in a region of Brazil where blast is not known to be endemic to evaluate its development as influenced by fungicide and host resistance. Plots of wheat cultivars BR-18 (partially resistant) and Guamirim (susceptible) were either treated with the fungicide epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin or left non-treated, and then inoculated with a spore suspension of P. oryzae at mid-anthesis. Spike blast incidence and severity, quantified at regular intervals after inoculation, increased over time, and fungicide and cultivar had statistically significant effects (P < 0.005) on both measures of disease and their temporal rates of progress. Relative to Guamirim-non-treated, BR-18-non-treated (resistance alone) led to 44 and 64% control of final incidence and severity, respectively, in Exp. 1, and 3 and 49% control, respectively, in Exp. 2. Guamirim-treated (fungicide alone) led to 65% control of incidence and 77% control of severity in Exp. 1, and 64% control of incidence and 95% control of severity in Exp. 2. For both incidence and severity, fungicide and resistance alone also reduced the temporal rate of progress relative to the susceptible non-treated. However, the greatest overall efficacy was observed when resistance and fungicide were combined, with over 70 and 90% control of final incidence and severity, respectively, and over 75% reduction in the temporal rate of spike blast progress. Based on percent control, the integrated effect of resistance and fungicide was additive for incidence, severity, and their temporal rates of progress, demonstrating the value of combining the two strategies to manage spike blast.  相似文献   

Impact and Mitigation of Heat Stress for Mastitis Control     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2018,34(3):473-478

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普通大蓟马的研究进展     

黄伟康  孔祥义  柯用春  王爽  李秋洁  符启位  吴乾兴  刘勇 《中国蔬菜》2018,1(2):21-27

豇豆是海南地区重要冬季蔬菜种类之一,普通大蓟马[Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagrall)]是豇豆上的主要害虫,严重影响豇豆品质和产量,造成重大经济损失。本文概述了普通大蓟马的地理分布、鉴定方法、寄主与为害、生物学特性及其防治方法等,以期为普通大蓟马的有效防治提供参考。  相似文献