The impact of land use on the credibility of dispersive clay soils in central and southern Italy     

C. P. Phillips  D. A. Robinson 《Soil Use and Management》1998,14(3):155-161

Abstract. Tracts of dispersive Plio-Pleistocene clays in central and southern Italy suffer from severe erosion, which has led to the creation of badlands characterized by 'calanchi'(unvegetated knife-edge ridges) and 'bian-cane'(cone-shaped hummocks). In recent decades, large areas of this eroded land have been reclaimed for arable cultivation by remodelling the landscape with heavy earth moving equipment. This exposes the clay to erosive rainfall. Wet aggregate strength was used to assess those physical and chemical properties that govern the erodibility of the clays. Regression analysis demonstrated that the most significant variables in predicting soil erodibility were the % organic matter and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Threshold values of 1–2% and 3–4% organic matter were obtained, dependent on the method of pre-wetting. Reclaimed land is on the borderline of these thresholds and therefore at risk of erosion. Nevertheless, the stability of reclaimed land is significantly higher than that of the badland parent material, ascribable to a lower ESP. Careful land management is required to avoid a recurrence of erosion and the reestablishment of badlands.  相似文献   

意大利野生动物疫病监测防控的做法和启示     

刘枫  孙贺廷  宋玉双  耿海东  阮向东 《野生动物》2012,33(4):231-235

中国野生动物疫病监测防控工作尚处于起步阶段,借鉴其他国家相关经验,对加强监测防控管理、提升工作整体水平大有裨益。本文作者通过在意大利的培训和考察,对其疫病管理特点、流行现状、监测防控做法进行分析总结,并针对中国疫病监测防控中的薄弱环节,提出有关对策建议。在策略举措上,应适当借鉴和参考意大利的疫病防控理念、防控策略、部门分工与协作机制、科技支撑、应急处置等方面的典型做法,并宣传普及"同一个健康"理念,完善相关法律规章,健全监测防控体系,加强人员队伍建设和转变疫病监控模式,以促进我国野生动物疫病监测防控事业科学发展。  相似文献   

Novel swine influenza virus subtype H3N1 in Italy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ana Moreno  Ilaria Barbieri  Enrica Sozzi  Andrea Luppi  Davide Lelli  Guerino Lombardi  Maria Grazia Zanoni  Paolo Cordioli 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(3-4):361-367

To date, three subtypes of swine influenza viruses, H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 have been isolated in Italy. In 2006, a novel swine influenza virus subtype (H3N1) was isolated from coughing pigs. RT-PCR performed on lung tissues, experimental infection in pigs with the novel isolate, and cloning the virus by plaque assay confirmed this unique H and N combination. The novel isolate was also antigenically and genetically characterized. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis showed that the complete HA gene of the H3N1 strain has the highest nucleotide identity to three Italian H3N2 strains, one isolated in 2001 and two in 2004, whereas the full length NA sequence is closely related to three H1N1 subtype viruses isolated in Italy in 2004. The remaining genes are also closely related to respective genes found in H1N1 and H3N2 SIVs currently circulating in Italy. This suggests that the novel SIV could be a reassortant between the H3N2 and H1N1 SIVs circulating in Italy.  相似文献   

A survey on canine leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in central Italy     

C. Maresca  E. Scoccia  A. Catalano  T. Pagliacci  M. Principato  V. Grelloni 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(1):36-38

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is a vector-transmitted zoonosis caused by the parasitic protozoan Leishmania infantum. Bloodsucking sand flies of the subfamily Phlebotominae are the obligatory insect hosts, and the dog is the only domestic reservoir.This study reports data from a survey of canine infection and sand fly phlebotomine monitoring in the province of Perugia in central Italy. The overall seroprevalence in a total of 100 dogs tested was 8% (95% confidence interval: 3.8-15.6%). Data analysis revealed that serological positivity was statistically associated with age (p-value = 0.03) and the area where dogs lived. Standard blacklight traps employed for sampling Culicoides midges in bluetongue disease surveillance were used in phlebotomine monitoring. A total of 5698 sand flies were collected and the two species, Leishmania competent vectors, were identified, Phlebotomus perfiliewi (50%) and Phlebotomus perniciosus (30%).  相似文献   

New aphid species for italy caught by suction trap     

Pier Gianni Coceano  Olivera Petrović-Obradović 《Phytoparasitica》2006,34(1):63-67

Six aphid species new for Italy were caught by suction trap in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, Italy. They are:Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon (Nevsky),Illinoia morrisoni (Swain),Myzodium modestum (Hottes),Pseudacaudella rubida (Börner),Schizaphis longicaudata Hille Ris Lambers andTrichosiphonaphis (Xenomyzus)polygonifoliae (Shinji). All species are provided here with characteristic morphological information and line drawings.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of bovine rotavirus strains circulating in northern Italy, 2003-2005     

Monini M  Cappuccini F  Battista P  Falcone E  Lavazza A  Ruggeri FM 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,129(3-4):384-389

A total of 232 stools collected from calves with rotavirus infection in herds located in northern Italy from 2003 to 2005 was investigated. Determination of the rotavirus G and P types was carried out using nested RT-PCR. G6 was the most prevalent genotype, accounting for 78.5% of samples, G10 accounted for 9.9% of samples and viruses of G8 type were found in 4.7% of samples. In 3% of samples, viruses were not classified due to concomitant infection with more G type strains, whereas viruses in 3.9% of samples could not be characterized with any of the G-specific primers used in this study. Most common P types were P[11] and P[5], accounting for 65.1% and 25%, respectively. In 2.6% of cases, samples reacted with multiple P-specific primers; no P[1] serotype was identified. The G6P[11] combination was predominant throughout the study period, i.e. 52.5% in 2003, 50% in 2004 and 40% in 2005. The incidence of G6P[5] increased from 13.1% in 2003 to 27% in 2004 and 25.5% in 2005. The G10P[11] combination decreased markedly from 18% in 2003 to 2.6% in 2004, rising again to 7.3% in 2005. G8P[11] viruses were similarly present in 2003 (5%) and 2004 (4.3%), declining slightly in 2005 (1.8%).  相似文献   

A checklist of the cultivated plants of Ustica (Italy)     

K. Hammer  G. Laghetti  P. Perrino 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1999,46(1):95-106

The small island of Ustica north of Sicily has been investigated for its plant genetic resources in 1997. A checklist of the agri- and horticultural crop plants comprises more than 110 species. Some of the species show still a large infraspecific variation but genetic erosion could be also found. Rare material has been collected for the conservation in genebanks.The considerable agrobiodiversity and the ongoing evolution as evidenced by introgression from wild relatives to several cultivated species and vice versa suggest the development of an on-farm conservation for the island. Nature protection and traditional farm management should develop an integrated approach.  相似文献   

Implications of decadal changes in precipitation and land use policy to soil erosion in Basilicata,Italy     

M. Piccarreta  D. Capolongo  F. Boenzi  M. Bentivenga 《CATENA》2006

This paper examines the implications of changes in precipitation and land use to soil erosion from 1955 to 2002 in Basilicata, a hilly portion of southern Italy. Analysis of daily precipitation records reveals statistically significant trends using both non-parametric and parametric approaches. The inter-annual variability of precipitation increases in intensity; primarily between October and January. From 1955 to 2000, the length of dry spells greatly increased, while wet days decreased. A land use change map was produced for the three study areas using aerial photos (1955) and orthophotos (1997 and 2002), integrated with field surveys. Results show that land use is highly dynamic in Basilicata, especially due to the application of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) measures. The EU policies resulted in reclamation of badlands and degraded grasslands for agriculture, principally the cultivation of durum wheat. This farming practice and the abandonment of some of the remodeled areas have increased the risk of soil erosion and desertification processes, and is manifest in land degradation by rill networks and gullying.  相似文献   

Contribution to the knowledge of the folk plant medicine in Calabria region (Southern Italy)     

Passalacqua NG  Guarrera PM  De Fine G 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(1):52-68

A series of research on plants used in Calabria (Southern Italy) in the folk plant medicine was carried out in the last twenty years. The use of 104 taxa distributed into 42 families are described. Among the major findings: Ceterach officinarum as hypotensive; Heliotropium europaeum in the case of urinary inflammations; Silybum marianum for haemorrhoids; Arundo donax for pertussis and cystitis; Allium cepa for sties and flu; Laurus nobilis as galactagogue; Passiflora incarnata for burns, haemorrhoids and skin inflammations; Scrophularia canina for rhagas and wounds; Urtica membranacea for tussis and tonsillitis.  相似文献   

Habitat selection by the Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in a rural area of southern Italy and implications for conservation     

Danilo Russo  Gareth JonesAntonello Migliozzi 《Biological conservation》2002,107(1):71-81

We studied habitat selection by Rhinolophus euryale in a rural area of southern Italy in 1998-2000 by radio-tracking. Two comparisons were carried out, one between habitat occurrence within individual home ranges and within the study area, the other between time spent in each foraging habitat and habitat occurrence within the home range. The first analysis showed that olive groves and conifer plantations were, respectively, the most and the least important habitats. The second analysis highlighted the importance of woodland for R. euryale, while urban sites, open areas and conifer plantations were avoided. We recommend that clearing of continuous, large areas of woodland for tree harvesting should be avoided. Conifers should not be used for reforestation. Urbanisation should be limited in the areas of greatest importance for the species, and linear landscape elements such as tree lines and hedgerows should be maintained.  相似文献