Dynamics of infection and immunity in a dairy cattle population undergoing an eradication programme for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nardelli S  Farina G  Lucchini R  Valorz C  Moresco A  Dal Zotto R  Costanzi C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,85(1-2):68-80

Several countries within the European Union (EU) have successfully eradicated Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), while others (e.g. Germany) are making efforts to achieve IBR-free status. EU member states IBR eradication programmes must meet Community legislation requirements that ban breeding farms from purchasing positive animals, from using whole-virus IBR vaccines, and from inseminating cows with semen from positive bulls. A follow-up study from 2002 to 2005 was carried out in the province of Trento (Italy), where a compulsory programme for IBR eradication was started in 1998. IBR outbreaks (identified on the basis of seroconversion of sentinel animals) were concentrated in larger positive herds. A higher incidence was recorded between 2003 and 2004. An association between markedly high temperatures in the summer of 2003 and virus reactivation has been suggested but is yet to be confirmed. The practice of driving cattle to common alpine pastures for the summer season did not play a significant epidemiological role in IBR transmission. Premising that only seronegative animals are allowed to enter dairy farms, animal movement increases the infection risk to a moderate extent. The long-term persistence of IBR antibodies was more pronounced in animals positive for antibodies to the glycoprotein E (gE). Scattered seroconversions, occurring mostly in positive herds, require careful interpretation in order to avoid overestimating the incidence of the infection at herd level.  相似文献   

Unravelling landslide risk: soil susceptibility,agro‐forest systems and the socio‐economic profile of rural communities in Italy          下载免费PDF全文

C. Ferrara  P. Matteo Barone  L. Salvati 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(2):290-298

Landslides are considered a form of physical soil degradation and are concentrated, especially in southern European countries, on inland and marginal rural areas. Low‐density, economically disadvantaged and poorly accessible areas are assumed to share a high landslide occurrence probability. However, an empirical verification of this assumption is still lacking for Mediterranean countries. This study investigates the spatial relation between a composite index of landslide risk and more than 100 indicators at the municipal level in Italy – a country with high landslide risk – exploring multiple territorial dimensions (population dynamics and settlements, job market and human capital, economic specialization and competitiveness, quality of life, agriculture and rural development, territory and environment). We combine nonparametric correlation, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, to profile municipalities according to their levels of landslide risk. The high landslide risk in certain areas of Italy is related to specific socio‐economic attributes (depopulation, ageing, tourism specialization, low density of economic activities, modest participation to the job market and crime intensity) and agro‐environmental features (low‐intensity cropping systems, natural landscapes and water resource availability).  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Donkeys (Equus asinus) in Italy     

Tereza MACHACOVA  Eva BARTOVA  Antonio DI LORIA  Kamil SEDLAK  Ugo MARIANI  Giovanna FUSCO  Domenico FULGIONE  Vincenzo VENEZIANO  Jitender P. DUBEY 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(2):265-267

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Analysis of the 1999-2000 highly pathogenic avian influenza (H7N1) epidemic in the main poultry-production area in northern Italy     

Mannelli A  Ferrè N  Marangon S 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,73(4):273-285

We evaluated the effects of risk factors and control policies following the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemic that struck northern Italy's poultry industry in the winter of 1999–2000. The epidemic was caused by a type-A influenza virus of the H7N1 subtype, that originated from a low-pathogenic AI virus which spread among poultry farms in northeastern Italy in 1999 and eventually became virulent by mutation. Most infected premises (IP) were located in the regions of Lombardy and Veneto (382 out of 413, 92.5%), and the eradication measures provided for in the European legislation were enforced. In Veneto, where flock density was highest, infection-control was also accomplished by means of depopulation of susceptible flocks through a ban on restocking and pre-emptive slaughter of flocks that were in the vicinities of or that had dangerous contacts with IPs. In Lombardy, such control measures were applied to a lesser extent. Infection incidence rate (IR) was 2.6 cases per 1000 flocks per day in Lombardy and 1.1 in Veneto. After the implementation of infection-control measures, the at-risk population, the percentage of flocks ≤1.5 km from IPs, and the HPAI-IR underwent a greater reduction in Veneto than in Lombardy. Although the proximity (≤1.5 km) to IPs in the temporal risk window (TRW) was a major risk factor for HPAI at the individual flock level, its effect at the population level (population-attributable fraction) did not exceed 31.3%. Viral transmission therefore also occurred among relatively distant flocks. Turkey flocks were characterised by grerater IR of HPAI compared with other bird species such as layer hens, broilers, gamebirds, and waterfowl, even when located at distances >1.5 km from IPs. In Lombardy, IR for species other than turkeys was also relatively high.  相似文献   

Infection by Eucoleus aerophilus in dogs and cats: Is another extra-intestinal parasitic nematode of pets emerging in Italy?     

Donato Traversa  Angela Di Cesare  Piermarino Milillo  Raffaella Iorio  Domenico Otranto 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(2):270-272

The occurrence of the infection by the lungworm Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) in dogs and cats from Italy has been evaluated with conventional diagnostic procedures. Individual faecal samples from 569 dogs and 200 cats were undertaken to faecal flotation with sugar and zinc sulphate solution. Sixteen dogs (2.8%) and 11 cats (5.5%) scored positive for eggs of E. aerophilus when samples were processed with either of the two flotation solutions. Overall 14 of 16 dogs and eight of 11 cats infected by E. aerophilus showed respiratory symptoms and the most common were general respiratory distress, dry cough, wheezing and sneezing. These results indicate that E. aerophilus is not uncommon and that canine and feline capillariosis is of clinical importance. Given the impact that E. aerophilus infections may have upon animal health and its zoonotic potential, it is strongly advisable to routinely include this disease in the differential diagnosis of (cardio)-respiratory diseases of dogs and cats.  相似文献   

Clinicopathological findings, molecular detection and characterization of Babesia gibsoni infection in a sick dog from Italy     

M. Trotta  E. Carli  G. Novari  T. Furlanello  L. Solano-Gallego   《Veterinary parasitology》2009,165(3-4):318-322

A 4-year-old intact female American Pit Bull Terrier from Italy descendant of an American-born bitch was evaluated for anorexia, lethargy, weakness, and intermittent vomiting. On physical examination, the dog was dehydrated, had pale mucous membranes, hunched posture and abdominal pain. A moderate anemia was observed. Splenomegaly and hyperechoic regions suspected as infarcts in the spleen were seen on abdominal ultrasound. Based on the suspicion of splenic torsion, splenectomy was performed. After surgery, the clinical condition deteriorated. A follow-up complete blood count demonstrated severe macrocytic normochromic anemia with evidence of marked regeneration, left shift neutrophilia, monocytosis and marked thrombocytopenia. Blood smear evaluation revealed single to multiple, variable sized (1–3 μm in diameter), and round to oval to band-like piroplasms within many red blood cells consistent with small form Babesia spp. or Theileria spp. A partial segment of the 18S rRNA gene was amplified and the PCR product was analyzed by direct sequencing. The nucleotide sequence was completely identical to that of Babesia gibsoni present in GenBank^®. This is the first molecular detection and characterization of B. gibsoni infection in a sick dog from Italy.  相似文献   

‘Altreier Kaffee’: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lupinus pilosus</Emphasis> L. cultivated as coffee substitute in Northern Italy (Alto Adige/Südtirol)     

Andrea Heistinger  Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1623-1630

The continued cultivation of Lupinus pilosus L. as an endemic coffee substitute in the mountain village of Altrei, South Tyrol, located in the Val di Fiemme/Fleimstal valley ca. 24 km south of Bolzano/Bozen, since the middle of the nineteenth century is demonstrable. Former reports of cultivation of Lupinus cosentinii Guss. and L. varius auct., non L. for this purpose in Tyrol could refer to L. pilosus as well. The cultural history of the rare crop is summarized up to its recent revival.  相似文献   

Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Natural Ecotypes of Perennial Grasses (Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Phalaris tuberosa L., Brachypodium rupestre (Host) R. et S.) Collected in Southern Italy     

Vito Annese  Eugenio Cazzato  Antonio Corleto 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(2):431-441

In 1999, natural populations of Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Phalaris tuberosa L. and the macrotherm species Brachypodium rupestre (Host) R. et S., were collected as seed in Southern Italy (Apulia, Basilicata and Campania regions) to evaluate the potential as forage of native germplasm under dry conditions, using available commercial cultivars as controls. The persistence of accessions, biometric, phenologic, productive and qualitative parameters of forage have been studied for a 3-year period (2000–2002) in a typical Mediterranean environment. D. glomerata is widely present in the studied area with two subspecies (subsp. glomerata L., subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman). The research pointed out significant differences in plant size, earliness and single plant dry matter (DM) production. All the natural ecotypes belonging to this species showed higher persistence than the control cultivars. Some natural ecotypes appeared to have potential for improving DM yield (subsp. glomerata ecotypes) and reducing neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content (subsp. hispanica ecotypes). Natural ecotypes belonging to F. arundinacea, P. tuberosa, and B. rupestre are sporadically present in the studied area. Among them, two ecotypes of P. tuberosa, showing higher winter growth and earliness compared to cv. ‘Holdfast’, seem to be interesting for a future breeding programme.  相似文献   

意大利蔬菜生产与农用塑料的使用概况     

王怀松  张志斌  陈钰辉 《农业工程学报》2005,21(14):10-12

介绍了意大利国内蔬菜生产种类与面积、设施蔬菜生产以及农用塑料使用的状况。  相似文献   

Human impact and slope dynamics evolutionary trends in the monoclinal relief of Adriatic area of central Italy     

Marcello Buccolini  Bernardino Gentili  Marco Materazzi  Domenico Aringoli  Gilberto Pambianchi  Tommaso Piacentini 《CATENA》2007

The present work deals with a large area of the Marche–Abruzzi monoclinal relief which is made up of a clayey sediment succession with sandy–conglomeratic levels alternating at varying stratigraphic heights. The east-verging monocline was generated by an intense Quaternary tectonic uplifting. It differs approximately in the west-east and in the southern directions forming three wide morphostructures. The deep fluvial down-cutting disjointed the monoclinal relief into a succession of high hills which give the area a typical cuesta morphology, with fronts facing the western quadrants.  相似文献