山姜对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌活性试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王正君  张金辉  潘康成 《畜禽业》2007,(5):10-11

为研究中草药山姜粗提液对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌效果,特采用试管二倍稀释法和管碟法检测不同浓度的山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液在体外对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38菌株和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌直径,并以肠毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、4μg/mL硫酸庆大霉素作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果表明,山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对两株益生芽孢杆菌和ETEC无抑菌作用,硫酸庆大霉素对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株MIC均为1.25μg/mL,对ETEC的最低抑菌浓度MIC为0.625μg/mL。山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对受试菌株抑菌直径与生理盐水相比差异不显著(P>0.05),硫酸庆大霉素与其相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。山姜粗提液对两株益生芽孢杆菌无明显抑菌作用。  相似文献   

Distribution and induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 in the rainbow trout brain     

Tommy Andersson  Anders Goksøyr 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(4):335-342

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 participates in the activation as well as detoxification of environmental pollutants such as aromatic hydrocarbons. This CYP form is also efficiently induced by aromatic hydrocarbons. The presence of CYP 1A1 in the brain might thus be of physiological and toxicological importance. In the present investigation on rainbow trout, the distribution of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, a cytochrome CYP 1A1 catalyzed reaction, was measured in whole tissue homogenates from brain parts. In control fish, a relatively high activity was found in the rainbow trout olfactory bulb compared to the other brain parts. Although an EROD induction (3 to 7-fold) by β-naphthoflavone (BNF) was recorded in all brain parts from the rainbow trout, the highest induced activity was measured in the olfactory bulbs. To ascertain the distribution of EROD activity in cells, whole brain tissue was subfractionated by differential centrifugation. The fractionation scheme separated mitochondria (P2 fraction) and microsomes (P3 fraction) as determined by marker enzymes and electron microscopy. In control rainbow trout, a low EROD activity could be measured in the P2 fraction. BNF induced the EROD activity in both P2 and P3 fractions. Western blotting showed the induction by BNF of a protein band in the P2 and P3 fractions with a molecular mass around 58,000 when highly specific anti-cod CYP 1A1 antibodies were used. ELISA measurements confirmed the induction of CYP 1A1 protein in the rainbow trout brain subcellular fractions.  相似文献   

圆柱干扰对杂交鲟幼鱼游泳能力及代谢行为影响研究     

黄应平  徐勐  蒋清  涂志英  袁喜 《淡水渔业》2019,49(2):46-50

为了研究流场扰动对鱼类游泳行为和代谢的影响,本研究测定了单、双圆柱(平行)扰动条件下杂交鲟(Acipenser schrenckii♀×A.baeri♂)幼鱼的临界游泳速度和耗氧率。结果显示:与对照组比较,单、双圆柱扰动条件下,杂交鲟幼鱼U_crit比对照组分别增加了1.71%和40.41%。游泳过程中,耗氧率和速度呈线性关系,单、双圆柱扰动条件下,速度系数b值显著小于对照组,上溯运动中能量利用效率较高。圆柱设置形成的流场环境有利于提高杂交鲟幼鱼游泳能力和游泳效率。湍动能为1.960×10^-4～46.92×10^-4 m^2/s^2时,杂交鲟幼鱼游泳效率较高,上溯所需的能耗减少。  相似文献   

鱼类特有的Ring型E3泛素连接酶MARCH5A基因在刺激隐核虫感染下的表达分析     

张东玲  喻达辉  陈健  叶坤  王志勇 《水产学报》2016,40(3):289-298

为探究大黄鱼MARCH5A的免疫作用,实验采用反转录PCR确认了该基因的c DNA序列。该序列全长1045 bp,包含1个长度为867 bp的开放阅读框,编码288个氨基酸;序列分析显示该蛋白含1个RINGv和4个跨膜结构域。进化树分析表明大黄鱼有11个MARCH家族蛋白(与哺乳动物相同),但鱼类存在多个亚型,MARCH5A为鱼类特有蛋白,其蛋白理化性质和三维结构均与MARCH5B存在一定的差异。荧光定量PCR分析显示,MARCH5A在健康大黄鱼的多个组织中均有表达,在血液和心脏中表达量最高,其次为鳃和脑,而在肾脏和皮肤中表达量最少。刺激隐核虫感染大黄鱼后,MARCH5A在皮肤中早期表达量显著上调,第2天为对照组的9.65倍,后期下调。在鳃、脾脏和头肾中的前期表达量也有所增加,后期下降。结果表明大黄鱼MARCH5A在抗刺激隐核虫免疫应答过程中可能发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

中国鲳成鱼和幼鱼肌肉生化成分的比较分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

赵峰  庄平  施兆鸿  章龙珍 《海洋渔业》2010,32(1):102-108

利用常规肌肉生化成分测试方法测定了中国鲳成鱼和幼鱼肌肉的一般生化成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。结果表明,中国鲳成鱼和幼鱼肌肉中的一般生化成分均具有显著性差异。除水分外,成鱼肌肉的粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均显著性高于幼鱼(P<0.05)。中国鲳成鱼和幼鱼肌肉中含有包括色氨酸和牛磺酸在内的18种氨基酸,总量分别为78.68%和72.92%(质量分数,干样),其中包括人体必需氨基酸8种,总量分别为33.26%和31.05%,分别占氨基酸总量的42.28%和42.58%;中国鲳成鱼和幼鱼的必需氨基酸组成比例基本符合FAO/WHO的标准。中国鲳成鱼和幼鱼的限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸和蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为62.16和77.68,4种鲜味氨基酸含量分别为28%和26.44%(干样)。中国鲳成鱼和幼鱼肌肉中脂肪酸种类丰富,成鱼肌肉含有饱和脂肪酸(SFA)7种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)5种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)8种;而幼鱼肌肉中SFA8种,MUFA6种,PUFA7种。中国鲳成鱼和幼鱼肌肉中EPA含量较低,分别占肌肉脂肪酸的2.49%和4.86%;而DHA较高,分别占肌肉脂肪酸的10.26%和16.23%。中国鲳成鱼和幼鱼必需氨基酸的A/E值较为接近,大小顺序均为:赖氨酸>亮氨酸>精氨酸>缬氨酸>异亮氨酸>苏氨酸>苯丙氨酸>蛋氨酸>组氨酸>色氨酸。  相似文献   

珊瑚对型轮虫和丰年虫无节幼体的捕食机制初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王尔栋  王钟  陈国华 《水产养殖》2014,(1):1-4

为探讨珊瑚对生物活饵料的捕食机制,选取美丽鹿角珊瑚(Acropora formosa)和佳丽鹿角珊瑚(Acropora pulchra)为实验对象,以轮虫(SS-type Rotifer)和丰年虫(Artemia salina)无节幼体为生物活饵料进行投喂。通过对投喂饵料量、残余量,以及差值进行统计,从而探讨珊瑚的摄食情况及摄食偏好。结果表明:超小型轮虫平均剩余量8.16×104个,P=0.012(P0.05),实验前后轮虫密度有显著差异。丰年虫无节幼体平均剩余量2.3×103个,P=0.01(P0.05),实验前后丰年虫密度有显著性差异。超小型轮虫和丰年虫无节幼体可以是珊瑚的生物活饵料。  相似文献   

Effect of artemia nauplii enriched with vitamin A palmitate on hypermelanosis on the blind side in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus     

Fuminori Tarui  Yutaka Haga  Kengo Ohta  Yasuhiro Shima  Toshio Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):256-262

ABSTRACT:   The effect of Artemia nauplii enriched with different level of vitamin A (VA) palmitate (1 µg = 1 IU) on the occurrence of hypermelanosis on the blind side of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was determined. Artemia were enriched with 0, 1, 2, 5 or 10 mg VA palmitate/L (control group, and 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-mg groups). The enriched Artemia were fed to the larvae from 27 to 31 days post hatching (dph) corresponding to the F–G stage. VA palmitate, retinol and retinoic acid (RA) contents of Artemia were correlatively elevated with increasing VA palmitate in the culture medium. RA was detected in Artemia enriched with 5 mg and 10 mg, and a significantly high frequency of hypermelanosis on the blind side was observed in these groups at 65 dph ( P  < 0.05). These results suggest that RA synthesized from VA palmitate in Artemia could induce hypermelanosis on blind side of flounder when Artemia are enriched with more than 5 mg VA palmitate/L.  相似文献   

高活性促性腺激素类似物及其复配制剂在鱼类人工繁殖中的应用     

宋艳 《水产科技情报》1999,26(1):16-20

通过催产试验,在高活性促性腺激素类似物相互之间、在类似物与ＨＣＧ之间、在类似物同ＨＣＧ或ＨＷＨＯ复配而成的复配制剂相互之间、在类似物与其复配制剂之间,进行了催产效果的对比。结果表明,各种类似物对不同鱼类的催产效果各不相同;类似物的催产效果明显优于ＨＣＧ;使用类似物复配制剂,其催产效果优于单独使用ＨＣＧ或类似物。  相似文献   

鱼类组蛋白核苷酸的多态性及其在杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染中的作用     

武小曼  方红  聂品  昌鸣先 《水产学报》2020,44(9):1525-1538

组蛋白是染色体核小体的重要组分,在调控染色质结构、基因转录、个体发育等不同生物学过程中起着重要作用。为了研究鱼类组蛋白基因是否存在核苷酸的多态性以及组蛋白核苷酸多态性是否会影响鱼类的抗病力,本实验以斑马鱼和草鱼为研究对象,通过PCR扩增克隆了组蛋白H2A的全长开放阅读框;利用过表达技术、菌落平板计数、感染存活分析以及荧光定量PCR技术,研究了斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性不同变异体在杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染中的作用。在本研究中,实验发现鱼类组蛋白H2A存在着丰富的核苷酸多态性。序列分析结果显示斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性的变异体核苷酸序列相似性为90%～100%;而两两H2A核苷酸多态性变异体氨基酸序列之间最多只有3个位点存在差异。通过体内和体外抗菌实验可知,斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸的多态性显著影响H2A的抗菌活性。此外,筛选出的抗菌组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性的变异体在斑马鱼体内的过表达,不仅具有免疫增强的作用,还能显著增强斑马鱼对杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染的抗病力。本研究为筛选具有抗病作用的组蛋白H2A免疫保护原奠定了重要基础。  相似文献   

Effects of high dose of vitamin A on reproduction and egg quality of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hirofumi Furuita  Hideki Tanaka  Takeshi Yamamoto  Manabu Shiraishi  Toshio Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(4):606-613

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin A on reproduction and egg quality in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus . Broodstock were fed experimental pellets containing two levels of vitamin A [11 × 10³ IU/100 g (control diet; CD), 337 × 10³ IU/100 g (experimental diet; ED)] for approximately 2 months before spawning and during the spawning period. Two groups of five females (average weight 1.4 kg) and 10 males (average weight 0.7 kg) were randomly allocated to two 30 m³ indoor tanks. Total egg production of the CD group was slightly higher than the ED group. Percentage of buoyant eggs and hatching rate of the ED group were significantly higher than the CD. In other egg quality parameters, such as percentage abnormal larvae and starvation tolerance of larvae, no notable difference was found between these two groups. At the end of the experiment, the skin color of broodstock in the ED group was darker than that of the CD group. Vitamin A content in eggs of the ED group was significantly higher than that of the CD group. However, the difference in vitamin A content in eggs between the ED and CD groups was much smaller than that in the liver of the females between the two groups. These results indicate that feeding broodstock a higher level of vitamin A increases the vitamin A content in eggs but does not affect egg quality in Japanese flounder because excess dietary vitamin A was stored mainly in the broodstocks' liver.  相似文献