AFLP analysis of genetic diversity within and between populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)     

K.M. Guthridge  M.P. Dupal  R. K?lliker  E.S. Jones  K.F. Smith  J.W. Forster 《Euphytica》2001,122(1):191-201

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis has been used to measure genetic diversity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and to relate intra- and interpopulation variation to breeding history. Cluster analysis of AFLP data from contrasting populations showed features consistent with the origins of these varieties. Significant differences in intrapopulation diversity were detected and partial separation of different cultivars was observed. Restricted base cultivars, derived from small numbers of foundation clones, were suitable for this type of study, allowing near complete discrimination of closely related cultivars. Analysis of bulked samples was based on the pooling of genomic DNA from 20 individuals from 6 selected populations. Cluster analysis of AFLP data from bulked samples produced a phenogram showing relationships consistent with the results of individual analysis. AFLP profiling provides an important tool for the detection and quantification of genetic variation in perennial ryegrass. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The use of seed acid phosphatases in the determination of the purity of F1 hybrid brussels sprout seed     

S. Woods  D. A. Thurman 《Euphytica》1976,25(1):707-712

Summary Starch gel electrophoresis of single seeds of five different F₁ hybrids of Brussels sprouts showed that they possessed three cathodal acid phosphatases. By comparison with cathodal acid phosphatases present in their inbred parents these have been interpreted as the two parental types plus a hybrid enzyme. All of the parental material could be classified into two groups depending upon whether or not their cathodal acid phosphatase was fast or slow moving. It was shown that these acid phosphatases are suitable for the determination of sibs in F₁ hybrid sprout seed provided that one of the parents possesses the slow moving cathodal acid phosphatase and the other the fast moving one. A survey of 35 different F₁ hybrids showed that 18 could be analysed for sibs using this method, those which could not were assumed to have had parents who possessed cathodal acid phosphatases of the same mobilities.  相似文献   

Effect of mannitol pretreatment to improve green plant regeneration on isolated microspore culture in Triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. 'Jennah Khetifa'     

Z. Labbani    J. de Buyser    E. Picard 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(6):565-568

The use of doubled haploids improves the efficiency of cultivar development in many crops and can be helpful in genetic and molecular studies. The major problem with this approach is the low efficiency of green plant regeneration. We describe here an efficient method for inducing embryos and regenerating green plants directly from isolated microspores of durum wheat cv. ‘Jennah Khetifa’. Tillers from donor plants were pretreated in 0.3 m mannitol and were stored at 4°C at various times: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 days. Our results showed clearly that the novel pretreatment combined mannitol 0.3 m and cold for 7 days had a strong effect on the number of embryos produced and regenerated green plants. Under this condition 13 475 mature embryos were produced from 2 693 500 microspores. Moreover, 85 green plants were obtained. High green plants regeneration frequency was recorded. As an average 11.55 green plants were produced per 100 000 microspores (about the equivalent of six plants per spike). Therefore, this study showed clearly that our results are the best ones published until now in durum wheat.  相似文献   

多花黑麦草繁殖种与原种产量和品质的比较研究     

詹秋文  王爱民  刘明平  姚淮平  周学玉  王玉芝  杨献华 《种子》2005,24(7):12-14

本文采用随机区组试验设计,对多花黑麦草繁殖后种子与引进原种进行了产量和品质的比较研究.结果表明,繁殖种与原种No1和参照种Abundant在生育特性、鲜干草产量、营养品质和种子产量上均无显著差异.因此,多花黑麦草本地繁殖种子仍然保持了较好的产量和营养品质特性.  相似文献   

Useful variation in in vitro digestibility within perennial ryegrass     

P.W. Wilkins 《Euphytica》1997,93(2):249-255

In vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) and dry matter yield (DMY) of herbage from plots sown with three selected perennial ryegrass varieties with similar heading dates (Ba11778, Talbot and Gator) under a range of harvesting frequencies (2, 3, 4 and 5-weekly harvests) were compared over two harvest years (1994 and 1995). Varieties varied in mean percentage DMD over all harvests and harvesting frequencies by 3.4 and 3.5 units in 1994 and 1995 respectively. Varietal ranking in mean DMD over all harvests was the same under each harvesting frequency in both years: Ba11778 being the highest, Gator the lowest and Talbot intermediate. In 1995, Gator had a higher proportion of unsown species in the herbage than both Ba11778 and Talbot but this was only a minor factor contributing to the differences among the varieties in mean DMD over all harvests. Although varieties consistently ranked in the same order of mean DMD over all harvesting frequencies during 13 5-week periods, the range among varieties varied from less than 1 unit to 8.6 units. This range was greatest in mid-season of each year when mean DMD over all varieties was lowest. The minimum mean DMD over all harvesting frequencies during both years was 75.5%, 70.9% and 66.8% for Ba11778, Talbot and Gator respectively. The most digestible variety Ba11778 also had higher annual DMY than the other two varieties in both harvest years and under all four harvesting frequencies. These results indicate that there is sufficient useful genetic variation for DMD within perennial ryegrass to justify breeding for the trait and its routine assessment in official variety trials.  相似文献   

不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino)种质资源SRAP遗传分化分析     

韩建明  侯喜林  徐海明  史公军  耿建峰  邓晓辉 《作物学报》2007,33(11):1862-1868

利用SRAP分子标记分析了国内外64份不结球白菜种质资源的DNA遗传多样性和遗传分化。21对引物组合共检测出215个位点，其中112个为多态性位点，多态性比率达52.09%，平均每对引物组合产生10.24个位点和5.33个多态性位点。不结球白菜各类型中普通白菜的Nei’s基因多样性指数（0.1410）和遗传丰富度[(190) 88.37%]最高；各生态区域中江淮流域不结球白菜的Nei’s基因多样性指数（0.1451）和遗传丰富度[(185) 86.05%]最高；国内的Nei’s基因多样性指数(0.1293)和遗传丰富度[(188) 87.44%]分别高于国外。遗传变异估算表明，不结球白菜遗传分化系数58.22%，大部分变异存在于种群间；基因流为0.4031，说明群体间基因流动较少，遗传分化程度较高。以遗传相似系数0.872为截值，可把不结球球白菜分为Ⅵ个类群。  相似文献   

Co-adaptation between neighbours? A case study with Lolium perenne genotypes     

T. McNeilly  M. L. Roose 《Euphytica》1996,92(1-2):121-128

Summary Co-adaptation between neighbouring genotypes of Lolium perenne was examined in a pot experiment over an 18 month period. Competitive interactions in pure and mixed stands were examined using 9 genotype pairs (established as neighbours from electrophoresis data), 7 from a 10 year-old, and 2 from a 40+ year-old pasture. Combinations of each pair of neighbours grown together, and each grown with 5 randomly chosen alien (non-neighbour) genotypes sampled from the same pastures were also assessed. Seven harvests of green matter produced above 20 mm were made, and 50–135 kg N ha^-1 was administered after each harvest. Data for dry weight at each harvest for pure and mixed stands, and Relative Yield Totals (RYT) were obtained for neighbours and aliens in each treatment.In 6 of the 9 pairs of neighbours grown as pure stands, the yields of neighbours did not differ significantly at the final harvest. In 8 of the 9 pairs grown as mixtures of pairs of neighbours, the yield of one of the neighbours was significantly reduced and one neighbour had been eliminated. Over the last 5 harvests, yields from (alien + neighbour) mixtures had the greatest dry matter yields. No suppression of one component by the other was recorded for this (alien + neighbour) combination.Based upon RYT estimates, neighbours did not yield more when grown together than when grown separately with aliens. There was no relationship between original genotype size in their fields of origin and dry matter yield in this experiment.This experiment provides no evidence for he evolution of co-adaptation between surviving neighbours in the two pastures from which these individuals were sampled. The genotypic architecture of pasture would seem to be the product of random and/or competitive exclusion of individual genotypes, rather than the evolution of co-adapted groups of individuals through time. The consequences of extreme depletion of genetic variation in the first two years after establishment, the very low rates of seedling establishment in established pastures, and the impact of the grazing animal would suggest that there is little likelihood of or potential for, co-adaptation evolving between neighbours.  相似文献   

Further evaluation of exotic germplasm of perennial ryegrass for use in French plant breeding programmes     

Gilles Charmet  François Balfourier 《Euphytica》1991,57(1):67-76

  相似文献   

Continuous Plant Regeneration from Established Embryogenic Cell Suspension Cultures of Italian Ryegrass and Tall Fescue   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Sahondra Radilofe  Rajoelina  Gilbert  Alibert Claude  Planchon 《Plant Breeding》1990,104(4):265-271

The suitability of different protocols was compared for entire plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis, of the forage plants Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue). In the first protocol, miniature embryos were used as starting material, while mature seeds were retained in the other two. Whichever the considered protocol, undifferentiated calli were produced on Murashige and Skoog MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. The calli were subcultured in the dark on solid MS agar medium, containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 2) or on solid MS medium followed by transfer to a rotated liquid MS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 1). In these conditions, induction of somatic embryogenesis occurred, and whole plants were regenerated during a limited lapse of time, upon transfer in the light, to MS medium supplemented with BAP but devoid of 2,4-D. The simultaneous elimination of 2,4-D and transfer to light appeared essential for full regeneration of the plants. Using this characteristic, an additional step was added to a new protocol (protocol 3) in which microcalli, cultured on liquid MS medium containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D, were transferred to the same medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D, in the dark. In these conditions, the suspensions kept their embryogenic potential for months. In all cases, plantlets were successfully transferred into the soil. An evaluation of the somaclonal variation potential of the plants issued from each protocol is now underway.  相似文献   

Disturbed Mendelian segregations at isozyme marker loci in early backcrosses of Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis hybrids to L. multiflorum     

M. W. Humphreys  D. Thorogood 《Euphytica》1992,66(1-2):11-18

Summary The segregation of interspecific recombinant Festuca pratensis (Fp) alleles, introgressed into the germolasm of Lolium multiflorum (Lm), at four loci (PGI/2, AcP/2, GOT/3 and BAP) is described. Heterozygous (Lm/Fp) plants were backcrossed to L. multiflorum (2n=2×=14) and subsequent BC2 Lm/Fp sibling genotypes intercrossed.In crosses between BC1 heterozygous plants (Lm/Fp) used as males and L. multiflorum, there was a reduced transmission of the F. pratensis (Donor Parent) derived alleles in the populations with PGI/2 and AcP/2 marker loci compared to the reciprocal cross but the reduction was not significantly different in those with GOT/3 and BAP markers.Two PGI/2 marked BC2 half-sib families in particular exhibited a more extreme deficiency of Fp/Fp progeny plants than anticipated from the BC2 segregations indicating possible linkage to zygotic lethals. Deficiencies of F. pratensis alleles were, in most cases, less marked in BC2 half-sib families indicating that a further round of recombination had reduced the size of the introgressed chromosome segment or that deleterious linkages had been broken. A tendency towards heterozygote advantage was found in one BAP marked halfsib family.The significance for forage grass breeding of reduced transmission rates of Donor Parent alleles in early back-cross generations especially through the male gametes is discussed.  相似文献