浅谈森林病虫害防治   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王志勇 《林业勘查设计》2007,(4):72-74

介绍了森林病虫害的危害后果对社会经济和生态环境带来的严重影响。为进一步加强森林病虫害的防治,结合实际工作,利用森防科技改进防治手段,做到"以预防为主,综合治理"。  相似文献   

Insect herbivores and pathogens of Alnus species in Uganda     

P. Nyeko  G. Edwards-Jones  R. K. Day 《Agroforestry Systems》2002,56(2):117-127

Published documentation of insect pests and pathogens associated with Alnus species in Africa is very scarce. We surveyed damaging insects and pathogens, and arthropod natural enemies on Alnus acuminata and A. nepalensis in Kabale and Mbale districts, Uganda between March 1999 and August 2000 in order to identify the range and relative abundance of arthropods and pathogens associated with the Alnus species. Frequently encountered damaging insects on the Alnus species included Apis mellifera, Apion globulipenne, a Systates sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phymateus viridipes, a Lobotrachelus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Coloborrtics corticina and some Chrysomelidae. Some species such as Aphis fabae, Parastictococcus multispinosus and a Cacopsylla sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) were observed feeding on other agroforestry tree species and/or crops although they generally occurred at low population intensities. Spiders and parasitic Hymenoptera were the most common natural enemies. Diseases were more severe in nurseries than in the field. Damping-off caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Septoria brown leaf spot and stem canker were the most serious diseases of Alnus. The array of damaging insects and pathogens indicates a potential danger to the cultivation of Alnus species in Uganda as adoption of the species for agroforestry continues to expand in the country. In view of the increasing demand for Alnus species for agroforestry in Uganda, regular pest monitoring and appropriate control strategies are necessary.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

不同间作模式茶园主要病虫害及天敌的调查研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙云南  冉隆珣  蔡丽  梁名志  许燕  刘德和  夏丽飞 《山东农业科学》2014,(11):110-113

对香樟-茶、野花椒-茶、沉香-茶3种间作模式下茶树主要病虫害及天敌在春茶、秋茶2个生育期的发生数量进行调查。结果表明:茶园中间作香樟、野花椒、沉香对茶园主要病虫害及天敌的影响不一致。香樟间作茶园茶轮斑病和茶赤星病的发病率较对照茶园低,但有增加茶小绿叶蝉的趋势;野花椒间作茶园茶饼病的发病率、茶小绿叶蝉虫害均较对照茶园低;沉香间作茶园茶小绿叶蝉、茶黄蓟马、茶蚜的数量较对照茶园减少,茶轮斑病和茶煤病发病率也较对照茶园降低。  相似文献   

Effects of shade,altitude and management on multiple ecosystem services in coffee agroecosystems     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2017

Agroforestry systems provide diverse ecosystem services that contribute to farmer livelihoods and the conservation of natural resources. Despite these known benefits, there is still limited understanding on how shade trees affect the provision of multiple ecosystem services at the same time and the potential trade-offs or synergies among them. To fill this knowledge gap, we quantified four major ecosystem services (regulation of pests and diseases; provisioning of agroforestry products; maintenance of soil fertility; and carbon sequestration) in 69 coffee agroecosystems belonging to smallholder farmers under a range of altitudes (as representative of environmental conditions) and management conditions, in the region of Turrialba, Costa Rica. We first analyzed the individual effects of altitude, types of shade and management intensity and their interactions on the provision of ecosystem services. In order to identify potential trade-offs and synergies, we then analyzed bivariate relationships between different ecosystem services, and between individual ecosystem services and plant biodiversity. We also explored which types of shade provided better levels of ecosystem services. The effectiveness of different types of shade in providing ecosystem services depended on their interactions with altitude and coffee management, with different ecosystem services responding differently to these factors. No trade-offs were found among the different ecosystem services studied or between ecosystem services and biodiversity, suggesting that it is possible to increase the provision of multiple ecosystem services at the same time. Overall, both low and highly diversified coffee agroforestry systems had better ability to provide ecosystem services than coffee monocultures in full sun. Based on our findings, we suggest that coffee agroforestry systems should be designed with diversified, productive shade canopies and managed with a medium intensity of cropping practices, with the aim of ensuring the continued provision of multiple ecosystem services.  相似文献   

山西省蔬菜害虫的发生与防治现状     

张仙红  于桂凤  成志芳  刘彦斌  张长录 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,21(1):95-96

本文对山西省蔬菜害虫发生的种类、分布以及防治状况等进行了调查分析 ,指出了我省目前蔬菜害虫防治中存在的问题 ,并提出了今后蔬菜害虫防治中应采取的有效措施  相似文献   

陇东冬小麦病虫无公害防治策略初探     

李贵喜  栾敖武  杨金云 《甘肃农业科技》2007,(5):27-30

针对陇东冬小麦主要病虫发生规律和危害特点,从确定重点防治对象,做好测报工作;利用薄弱环节防治病虫;立足全局预防远距离传播;利用农业防治措施;利用天敌资源及合理采用化学防治措施等方面提出了陇东冬小麦病虫无公害防治策略.  相似文献   

沿江圩区农作物病虫草害演替及综合治理对策     

赵家定 《安徽农业科学》2001,29(1):78-79

沿江圩区主要农作物病虫草害演替呈现以下特点 :种类增加 ,不断出现新的病虫为害 ;危害期拉长 ,发生程度加重 ;突发性病虫暴发成灾 ;螟虫危害趋于复杂化等。为此制定了近期与长远期综合治理措施 ,及时有效地控制其危害  相似文献   

稻鸭共作技术对水稻及其病虫害的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋竹英  李丽立 《水禽世界》2011,(5):33-36

稻鸭共作技术,源于中国传统农业的精华——稻田养鸭,完善于日本,发展于亚洲。稻鸭共作是具有良好的生态效应、农牧混合的生态型农业技术。本文就稻鸭共作技术的优点及其对水稻、病虫害的影响作一综述。  相似文献   

日光温室番茄病虫害发生特点与生态控制技术研究     

张淑莲  陈志杰  张锋  田全福 《中国生态农业学报》2007,15(2):122-125

研究结果表明,在日光温室生产条件下,番茄病害有35种,害虫16种。主要病虫为灰霉病、叶霉病、早疫病、晚疫病、脐腐病、斑潜蝇和温室白粉虱,田间发生特点为种类多、危害期长、流行速度快、危害重和损失大。并提出以健康栽培、生态调控、棚室O3消毒、套袋保护、防虫网阻隔等措施为主,结合适时适度使用高效低毒化学农药的生态控制技术措施。田间应用实践证明,该方案有效阻止了病虫的扩散流行,成功控制了主要病虫危害,防治效果较为理想,并使产品达到安全优质标准。  相似文献   

茶树病虫害远程诊断系统的构建     

邓立苗  孙华丽  于仁师 《安徽农业科学》2015,(14):311-313

为了快速、便捷地诊断茶树病虫害,减少病虫害造成的损失,根据茶树病虫害诊断与防治规律,将网络开发技术与农业信息相结合,基于JSP和Android技术,构建基于Web的茶树病虫害远程诊断系统,并介绍了系统框架、系统流程及各功能模块的实现.通过该系统用户可以进行茶树病虫害实时求助、快速诊断和信息检索,为茶树病虫害诊断提供一种便捷有效的途径.  相似文献