Phyletic relationships within the genus Hordeum using PCR-based markers     

Valeria Terzi  Nicola Pecchioni  Primetta Faccioli  Ladislav Kučera  Antonio Michele Stanca 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(5):447-458

Fifteen Hordeum species and subspeciesbelonging to groups with different genomes were studied usingPCR-based markers to establish phylogenetic relationshipswithin the genus. Two hundred and seventeen RAPD and STS markers wereused to calculate genetic distances and construct phylogenetic trees.The phenetic analysis clearly separated the primary gene pool,represented by H. vulgaressp. vulgare, H.vulgare ssp. vulgare convar. vulgare f. agriochriton andH. vulgare ssp.spontaneum, from the secondary gene pool,represented by H. bulbosumand the tertiary gene pool, represented by American wild barleys andH. bogdanii. Data obtainedfrom PCO analysis are in complete agreement with taxonomicclassifications proposed previously, which were comparisons ofnumerous morphological, cytological and reproductivecharacters.  相似文献   

Patterns of rarity in the native British flora     

Emma S Pilgrim 《Biological conservation》2004,120(2):161-170

We have combined published data on ecology and conservation status with phylogenetic information for all native British angiosperms. We use this information to explore patterns of threat with regard to taxonomy, ecology and life history.Threat status is significantly clumped among orders. However among genera, we identify only Limonium (sea lavenders) and Sorbus (whitebeams) as containing more threatened species than expected under a hypergeometric model, and we discuss the artefactual reasons for this finding. We present a table of Britain's 10 most threatened families according to this statistic.Threat status is also strongly clumped across habitat types using two published schemes. In an analysis excluding artificially influential genera, we identify the `arable and horticultural', `montane', `inland rock', and `supra-littoral sediment' habitats as containing more threatened species than would be expected under a hypergeometric model and discuss these results.Finally, we use phylogenetically independent contrasts to show that threat status is correlated with small size, low fecundity, and insect rather than wind pollination for the native British flora.  相似文献   

Lotononis angolensis forms nitrogen fixing, lupinoid nodules with phylogenetically unique, fast-growing, pink-pigmented bacteria, which do not nodulate L. bainesii or L. listii     

R.J. Yates  J.G. Howieson  W.G. Reeve  I.J. Law  J.K. Ardley  D. Real 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(7):1680-1688

Root-nodule bacteria that nodulate the legume genus Lotononis are being investigated to develop new forage species for agriculture. Bacteria isolated from nodules of Lotononis angolensis were fast-growing, highly mucoid and pink-pigmented, and on the basis of 16S rRNA phylogeny <94% related to other genera in the Alphaproteobacteria. Root-nodule bacteria isolated from other Lotononis species (L. bainesii, L. solitudinis and L. listii) resembled the more common dry, slow-growing, pink-pigmented rhizobia previously described for L. bainesii. These isolates could be attributed to the Methylobacterium genus, although not to the type species Methylobacterium nodulans. Further differences were uncovered with nodulation studies revealing that nodule isolates from L. angolensis were effective at nitrogen fixation on their host plant, but could nodulate neither L. bainesii nor L. listii. Reciprocal tests showed isolates from L. bainesii, L. listii and L. solitudinis were incapable of nodulating L. angolensis effectively. Nodule morphology for L. bainesii, L. angolensis and L. listii was characteristically lupinoid, with little structural divergence between the species, and with nodules eventually enclosing the entire root.  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity within and Between Populations of Lathyrus genus (Fabaceae) Revealed by ISSR Markers     

Y. Belaïd  N. Chtourou-Ghorbel  M. Marrakchi  N. Trifi-Farah 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1413-1418

In order to evaluate the genetic diversity in Lathyrus genus, the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats method (ISSR) was exploited in five populations. These consisted of two cultivated species belonging to section Lathyrus (L. sativus L. and L. cicera L.) and a wild one belonging to the section Clymenum (L. ochrus DC.). Two 3′anchored ISSR primers and two unanchored ones, generated a total of 60 useful polymorphic DNA bands. Our data provide evidence of high molecular polymorphism at the intra- and the inter-specific levels showing that both wild and cultivated forms constitute an important pool of diversity. Moreover, among the generated DNA bands, a 500 bp band, totally absent in the banding patterns of the section Clymenum, appears to be a molecular marker of section Lathyrus. Results provided for lineage and suggest recent origin of these species that might have evolved from a common ancestor producing both L. ochrus species and the two other species L. sativus and L. cicera. These relationships support previous studies based on morphological variation and molecular analysis.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic relationships within <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus</Emphasis> and its related genera as inferred from AFLP markers     

Xiao-Ming Pang  Chun-Gen Hu  Xiu-Xin Deng 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):429-436

We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among Citrus and its relatives, including 29 genotypes belonging to Citrus, Poncirus, Fortunella, Microcitrus, Eremocitrus, Atalantia and Severinia using AFLP analysis. Cluster analysis was conducted using neighbour joining (NJ) method. The results demonstrated that Poncirus, Microcitrus and Eremocitrus are distant from Citrus. A strong affiliation exists between C. halimii and Fortunella and the results did not support C. halimii as the fourth basic species. Further evidence was provided that P. polyandra should not be the hybrid between trifoliate orange and Citrus genotypes and it deserves species status. Neither the separation of subgenus Papeda and Citrus nor the separation of subgenus Archicitrus and Metacitrus were clearly resolved in the dendrogram. C. ichangesis is a distinct species very different from other Citrus genotypes, and the results showed it is improper to classify it into subgenus Metacitrus. C. reticulata, C. maxima and C. medica were separated into three distinct clusters. Therefore if only cultivated Citrus species are considered, the three basic species concept is acceptable. However, it is not applicable for whole genus Citrus.  相似文献   

西方蜜蜂Sirtuin蛋白家族基因鉴定及表达分析          下载免费PDF全文

宋文菲  刘娜  苗春辉  余玉生  胡宗文  王艳辉  李亚辉 《西北农业学报》2023,(11):1686-1696

Sirtuin蛋白是一类进化保守的NAD⁺依赖性脱酰基酶家族，可调控生物的新陈代谢、基因组稳定性和寿命。为探究西方蜜蜂Sirtuin蛋白家族基因种类、分布和分子特征，以及不同级型、不同发育时期的表达模式，基于西方蜜蜂全基因组数据，采用生物信息学方法对西方蜜蜂Sirtuin蛋白家族成员进行鉴定，预测家族基因的结构和染色体位置，分析家族基因的结构域和系统发育关系；采用qRT-PCR分析Sirtuin蛋白家族基因在西方蜜蜂雌性蜂不同发育时期的表达情况。结果表明，在西方蜜蜂全基因组中鉴定出10个Sirtuin蛋白基因，属于6个家族成员（ AmSirt1、 AmSirt2、 AmSirt4~ AmSirt7）， AmSirt1和 AmSirt2家族成员各包含3个基因。6个家族成员基因分别定位于不同的染色体上，其中 AmSirt1和 AmSirt2呈现典型的串联重复分布， AmSirt1、 AmSirt6和 AmSirt7主要定位于胞质/细胞核， AmSirt2和 AmSirt5主要定位于胞质， AmSirt4定位于线粒体。西方蜜蜂Sirtuin蛋白家族基因的编码氨基酸数为265~899个，分子质量为 29.45~102.91 ku，等电点为4.58~9.09，外显子数为4~9个，内含子长56~2 719 bp，Sirtuin蛋白家族基因包含12个保守结构域，并发现3个西方蜜蜂所特有的保守氨基酸位点。Sirtuin蛋白家族基因鉴定和系统发育关系表明，西方蜜蜂缺少 Sirt3基因，10个Sirtuin蛋白基因聚合为4类6个分支，与东方蜜蜂、大蜜蜂的同源性较高。6个家族基因在蜂王和工蜂不同发育时期均有表达，蜂王整体基因表达量高于工蜂，各家族基因表达量均在2日龄蛹达到峰值。综上表明，西方蜜蜂有6个Sirtuin蛋白家族成员，系统进化中分为4类，缺少Sirt3家族成员。推测在西方蜜蜂雌性蜂不同发育时期，Sirtuin蛋白基因表达受禁食行为、热量限制和器官分化的影响。  相似文献   

BmNPV的PK基因和杆状病毒PK基因的进化分析     

张传溪  何家禄 《蚕业科学》1998,24(1):26-34

家蚕核型多角体病毒镇江株（BmNPVZJ8）蛋白激酶（BmvPK－1）基因编码区含828个核苷酸，可编码推测分子量为32kD的多肽。应用GCG程序分析表明BmvPK－1与AcMNPV的PK－1相似性最高，两者氨基酸序列相似性达95.2％。比较同时表明，BmvPK-1氨基酸序列与其它生物Ser／ThrPK的催化结构域有很高的同源性，与人的HSPKCE，果蝇的dPKC98F和酵母的TPK1的催化结构域分别有31．1％、32．3％和31.2％的相似性。在PK的进化树中，杆状病毒PK是一独立进化的分枝，BmvPK-1与PK－1进化距离最近，而HavPK则与HzSNPV的PK距离最近。  相似文献   

Retrospective genetic characterisation of Encephalomyocarditis viruses from African elephant and swine recovers two distinct lineages in South Africa     

James H.d.T. van Sandwyk  Nigel C. Bennett  Robert Swanepoel  Armanda D.S. Bastos 《Veterinary microbiology》2013

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) outbreaks are rare in southern Africa. Only two have been reported to date from South Africa, both coinciding with rodent irruptions. The first outbreak manifested as acute myocarditis in pigs in 1979, whilst the second, occurring from 1993 to 1994, was linked to the deaths of 64 free-ranging adult African elephants (Loxodonta africana). The P1 genome region, inclusive of the flanking leader (L) and 2A genes, of three South African isolates, one from swine and two from elephants, was characterised by PCR amplification and sequencing of up to 11 overlapping fragments. In addition to the resulting 3329 nucleotide dataset, the 3D region that is widely used in molecular epidemiology studies, was characterised, and three datasets (P1, VP1/3 and 3D), complemented with available homologous EMCV data, were compiled for analyses. Phylogenetic inferences revealed the near-identical elephant outbreak strains to be most closely related to a mengovirus from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in Uganda, differing from the latter by between 11% (3D) and 15% (VP3/1). The South African pig isolate differed by 4% (3D) and 11% (VP3/1) from available European and Asian pig virus sequences. This study confirms the presence of two genetically distinct EMCV lineages recovered from sporadic outbreaks in wild and domestic hosts in southern Africa, and provides valuable baseline data for future outbreak eventualities in the sub-region.  相似文献   

一株能强降解鸡毛的帚霉菌株的分离鉴定     

王玉荣  陈万浩  王垚  韩燕峰  梁宗琦 《山地农业生物学报》2013,32(4)

从四川省成都市一受潮并完全分解的鸡毛帚上,分离到1株帚霉Scopulariopsis sp.ChengduA441.根据形态学和5.8S-ITS rDNA序列分析研究,鉴定其为短帚霉Scopulariopsis brevicaulis,称为ChengduA441菌株.本研究将为该属资源在角蛋白酶的开发上提供资料储备.  相似文献   

Virus recovery and full-length sequence analysis of atypical bovine pestivirus Th/04_KhonKaen   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lihong Liu  Jaruwan Kampa  Sndor Belk  Claudia Baule 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(1-2):62-68

Phylogenetic analysis of recently identified “atypical” bovine pestiviruses, performed based on different gene regions, has revealed unclear relationships with other established species, therefore, their phylogenetic position could not be determined so far. In this study, the atypical pestivirus Th/04_KhonKaen was recovered from serum of a naturally infected calf and the complete genome sequence was determined and analysed, as means to define its position. The viral genome is 12,337 nucleotides (nt) long, and comprises a 5′-UTR of 383 nt, a 3′-UTR of 254 nt and an open reading frame of 11,700 nt, without duplication of viral sequences or insertions of cellular sequences. The phylogenetic analyses of the full-length sequence, performed by Neighbor-joining, Maximum likelihood, and the Bayesian approach, unanimously placed Th/04_KhonKaen in a single lineage, distinct from the established pestivirus species, and close to bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2. Furthermore, Th/04_KhonKaen and two previously reported atypical pestiviruses D32/00_‘HoBi’ and CH-KaHo/cont formed a well-supported monophyletic clade in trees based on the complete N^pro and E2 gene regions. The finding provides conclusive classification of the Th/04_KhonKaen virus and confirms the standing of the “atypical” bovine pestiviruses as a novel pestivirus species.  相似文献