竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理间甲酚废水的研究     

周珊  虞方伯  郭明  单胜道  邸玉翠  徐少娟  李松华  郑圣丰 《林业科学》2011,47(9)

用紫外光对假单胞菌株进行诱变,以竹炭为载体,将紫外诱变假单胞菌固定在竹炭上,用竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理间甲酚水样。考察竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌投加量和水样pH值对间甲酚去除的影响以及进水浓度随反应时间的变化关系,研究竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌去除间甲酚的反应动力学。结果表明:相对于原菌株,菌株经紫外诱变后,生长周期缩短了6h。经紫外照射120s的假单胞菌可以在竹炭表面及内部孔隙形成明显菌胶团,诱变菌在竹炭上所成的生物量明显较未经诱变菌增加。竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌能有效地去除水样中间甲酚。竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌投加量和水样pH值影响到间甲酚的去除效果,pH值在4～6时,间甲酚的去除效果较好。20g竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理100mL初始浓度50,100,120,150,180mg·L-1间甲酚模拟水样42h,去除率依次为90.9%,76.4%,72.9%,64.6%和49.7%。竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌对间甲酚的去除能较好地符合零级反应方程。  相似文献   

Pine wilt disease: a short review of worldwide research   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alexander Yu. RYSS  Oleg A. KULINICH  Jack R. SUTHERLAND 《中国林学(英文版)》2011,13(2):132-138

This article summarizes the results of the research papers presented at the International Symposium on pine wilt disease (IUFRO Working Party Meeting 4.04.03) held in July 2009, at Nanjing, China. The general topics covered were on pine wilt disease (PWD), its causal organism, the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, plus other PWN-associated microorganisms that play a significant role in PWD such as bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescens). Most of the papers that are reviewed are based on work on PWD-PWN in East Asia and Russia. Specific topics covered include: 1) the fundamental conceptions of PWD development, 2) pathogenicity, 3) host-parasite relationships including the histopathology of diseased conifers and the role of toxins from bacteria-nematode ecto-symbionts, 4) PWN life cycle and transmission, 5) B. xylophilus dissemination models, 6) associations (with other nematodes), 7) diagnostics, 8) quarantine and control of the PWN and 9) biocontrol of the PWN.  相似文献   

Quantification of the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf153 in soil using a quantitative competitive PCR assay unaffected by variability in cell lysis- and DNA-extraction efficiency     

Davide Gobbin  Fabio Rezzonico  Cesare Gessler 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(7):1609-1619

Although often neglected, variability in cell lysis efficiency and DNA extraction yield represents the major hurdles of any polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based quantification protocol in soil and other natural environments. In this study we developed a technique that minimizes the effects of these constraints, providing at the same time a reliable internal control to distinguish between PCR-inhibition and negative results. We used Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf153, a root-colonizing bacterium that shows biocontrol activity against tobacco and cucumber black root rot, as the target organism for PCR quantification. Prior to DNA extraction, the genetically engineered, cognate reference strain P. fluorescens CHA0/c2 was inoculated in a reference soil. CHA0/c2 in the reference soil and Pf153 in the soil sample were lysed in parallel and afterward the lysates were mixed in known proportions. CHA0/c2 carries the plasmid pME6031-cmp2 that contains an allelic variant (competitor) of the Pf153 specific sequence Pf153_2. In a quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) assay the competitor allows the quantification of the target strain down to 0.66 Pf153 CFU/mg soil. Processing the reference strain in the same way as Pf153 enables the exact quantification of the target strain in biocontrol assays performed in natural soil, overcoming differences in DNA extraction efficiency and PCR amplification from different soil environments. This technique is easily adaptable to other Pseudomonas strains simply by replacing the competitor used here with one derived from a SCAR-marker which is specific for the strain of choice.  相似文献   

Relative importance of motility and antibiosis in the rhizoplane competence of a biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens MelRC2Rif     

K. Toyota  K. Ikeda 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,25(4):416-420

Mutants defective in motility or antibiotics production were obtained by Tn5 mutagenesis of a biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens MelRC2Rif (wt). Tomato or melon seeds were co-inoculated with a Tn5 mutant and wt in a 1:1 ratio and then grown in soil for 10 days. There was no change in ratios of Tn5 mutants defective in antibiosis to wt in the process of rhizoplane colonization, suggesting little contribution of in vitro antibiosis to the rhizoplane competence of P. fluorescens MelRC2Rif. Similar results were also obtained when seeds treated with bacteria were planted in soil artificially infested with fungal pathogens. In contrast, ratios of Tn5 mutants defective in motility to wt significantly decreased, suggesting the contribution of motility to the rhizoplane competence of this bacterium. When a non-motile Tn5 mutant and wt were co-inoculated into soil at a matric potential of pF 2.3 (–20 kPa) and plants were then grown, there was no change in the ratio in rhizoplane colonization, suggesting that motility might have a role in the movement along roots but an insignificant role in the movement from bulk soil towards roots. When they were co-inoculated into 0.2% water agar (WA) instead of soil, a remarkable decline in ratios was detected. Thus it was soil structure that hindered the efficiency of motility. Time course enumeration of rhizoplane colonization of tomatoes grown in WA revealed that motility was an important means of movement towards and/or along roots rather than the multiplication on roots. Received: 8 July 1996  相似文献   

桉树焦枯病和青枯病的分离鉴定与防治方法     

裴文军  卢万鸿 《桉树科技》2011,(1):57-60

简要概述了危害我国华南地区桉树产业发展的主要病害——桉树焦枯病和青枯病,介绍了两种病害的部分研究方法,分析了两种病害的防治方法及其研究方向,以期为相关研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

苯胺高效降解菌的筛选及其生物学特性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李岩  李社增  鹿秀云  刘光耀  蒋继志  马平 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(5):1738-1743

采用富集培养法从高阳印染厂排污口土壤中分离得到209株微生物,定向筛选获得2株能够高效降解苯胺的细菌(菌株Ani-4-15和菌株Ani-5-61)。这2株细菌在苯胺浓度为400mg·L-1的培养液中培养30h后,培养液中苯胺的降解率均可达到85%以上;在苯胺浓度为1000mg·L-1的培养液中培养30h后,培养液中苯胺的降解率达70%左右。通过浊度测定法对菌株Ani-4-15和Ani-5-61在苯胺选择性培养基中的生长特性进行了研究,结果表明,两菌株最佳培养时间分别为15h和18h,最适生长温度均为30℃,最适生长pH值分别为7.0和6.0,对苯胺的耐受浓度范围在100～3200mg·L-1之间。在温室条件下,通过在灭菌土中分别接入一定量的苯胺(苯胺含量分别为400、600、800和1000mg·kg-1)和苯胺降解菌(106个菌体·g-1土),48h时菌株Ani-4-15和Ani-5-61对苯胺的降解率分别高达93.4%和96.6%。通过16SrDNA序列分析法明确了两株细菌均为假单胞菌属,利用非肠道革兰氏阴性杆菌鉴定系统(API20NE)进一步鉴定到种,菌株Ani-4-15为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida),菌株Ani-5-61为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)。  相似文献   

附生细菌在微囊藻（Microcystis）藻华颗粒上的定殖和生长     

马喆  王勤  肖琳  蒋丽娟  杨柳燕 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(5):1894-1897

通过测定微囊藻模拟藻华颗粒和微囊藻水华藻华颗粒表面附生菌数量的变化,分析微囊藻（Microcystis）与附生假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）之间相互作用关系。结果表明,在死亡藻体的模拟藻华颗粒表面附生菌数量迅速增加,而活藻藻华颗粒表面附生菌数量增长缓慢,在培养后期藻体大量死亡,附生细菌的数量不断增加,最后超过死亡藻体的模拟藻华颗粒的附生细菌数量。附生细菌在天然微囊藻藻华上定殖和生长也呈现类似的趋势,由于附生菌同藻华中微囊藻之间存在竞争,附生菌的存在促进藻体团聚,抑制附生细菌的定殖,但是在微囊藻的衰亡期产生的大量营养物质有利于附生细菌的生长,水体中附生细菌的数量不断增加,同时天然藻华上附生细菌的数量也大量增加,有利于其生长和定殖。  相似文献   

防治烟草野火病拮抗细菌菌株的筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姬广海  魏兰芳  夏贤仁 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,27(3):293-296

从多种植株根际土壤中和烟草叶面分离到188个细菌分离物,室内抑菌圈法测定抑菌效果,温室测定防效,结果筛选出有明显抑菌作用的菌株21个,温室采用高压喷雾接种烟草野火病菌株,普通喷雾接种生防菌菌株,建立了以病斑减轻率和病斑扩展抑制率2个指标的活体筛选方法,温室防效试验筛选出防效较好的菌株6个,其中2e,1010D防效较好,其次为C3和3g。病斑减轻率为58％～91％,病斑扩展抑制率为56．58％～78．08％。这为生产上防治烟草野火病提供了新思路。  相似文献   

烟草野火病菌初侵染源的研究     

刘雅婷  张世珖  李永忠 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,29(1):43-44

为探明烟草野火病菌的初侵染源，应用SPA－ELISA，间接－ELISA反应试剂盒对从田间及温室中采集的土壤、烟株根围、田间杂草、种子等进行了检测，明确云南烟草野火病的初侵染源主要为种子和根部残体。  相似文献   

万寿菊细菌性叶斑病的发生与病原菌鉴定   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

高洁  白庆荣  董然  冯玉才  张佳环  刘学敏 《吉林农业大学学报》2002,24(2):94-96,107

首次报道了万寿菊细菌性叶斑病在我国的发生，从吉林省敦化市不同地点、不同部位发病的万寿菊上分离出有致病性的4个菌株，通过对其形态学、培养性状、生理生化性状及生态学的测定，并根据其引起病害的症状特点，将其确定为丁香假单胞菌万寿菊致病变种（Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (Hellmers 1955) Young et al 1978）。  相似文献