辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌生物学特性及抑菌药剂筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张卢慧  赵志强  赵全新  郭庆元 《中国农学通报》2021,37(25):125-131

研究辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌的生物学特性,对病原菌进行室内药剂筛选,旨在为田间病害规律研究和病害防治提供依据。采用紫外分光光度计测定病原菌在不同温度、pH、NaCl浓度下的生长速率。采用滤纸片抑菌圈法对病原菌进行室内药剂筛选试验。结果表明,辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌最适生长温度为28℃,最适pH 7.0,病原菌的耐盐性为12%。18种供试药剂在药剂推荐使用剂量范围内,四霉素、乙蒜素、77%志信、氯溴异氰尿酸4种药剂对病原菌有抑菌效果,对这4种药剂进行毒力测定,结果表明四霉素的毒力较强,EC₅₀值为11.75 mg/L,毒力强于其他3种试剂,四霉素可作为田间防治药剂的首选。  相似文献   

自毒物质对羟基苯甲酸降解细菌ZH2的分离与应用     

肖蓉  邓舒  赵菁  张春芬  聂园军  曹秋芬 《农学学报》2021,11(7):84-91

自毒物质是造成植物连作障碍的主要因子,研究旨在筛选能够降解土壤中自毒物质的细菌。采用选择性分离方法从土壤中筛选自毒物质对羟基苯甲酸降解菌;结合形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rRNA测序鉴定菌种;采用紫外分光光度法测定菌株降解对羟基苯甲酸能力,并通过盆栽实验验证解毒效果。结果表明,分离到1株有降解对羟基苯甲酸能力的菌株,编号ZH2,经鉴定为绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)。在纯培养条件下,当对羟基苯甲酸浓度为5 mg/mL时,ZH2能在培养72 h时将其降解97%。盆栽条件下,当基质中对羟基苯甲酸浓度为10 mg/g时,ZH2能有效缓解对羟基苯甲酸对黄瓜的生长抑制作用。该研究从土壤中分离到能够降解对羟基苯甲酸的绿针假单胞菌,具有应用于连作障碍防控的潜在价值。  相似文献   

产2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚的微生物研究进展     

唐茂  罗雪松 《湖北农业科学》2016,(8):1905-1907

在土壤环境中,大多数2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚(2,4-DAPG)是由荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)产生的。它在生物防治中具有重要作用。对近年来2,4-DAPG的生物合成及调控机理,2,4-DAPG在诱导系统抗性(ISR)的机制,2,4-DAPG的生物反应模式、生态效应,荧光假单胞菌农田生物防治应用实例等相关研究进行了综述。  相似文献   

适用于猪场沼液处理的好氧反硝化菌筛选及其脱氮特性评价     

孙宏  吴逸飞  张恒  沈琦  姚晓红  王新  汤江武  葛向阳 《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(6):113-120

试验旨在筛选适合于猪场沼液处理的好氧反硝化菌。从活性污泥中分离获得 16 株好氧反硝化菌,其中菌株 ZH-14 的总氮(TN)和硝酸盐氮的去除效果最好,分别达到 50.73%和 99.99%。该菌株经过平板形态观察、功能基因和 16S rDNA 基因分析,鉴定为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)。结果表明:菌株 ZH-14 在硝酸钾为唯一氮源培养基中生长时,48 h 后硝酸盐氮与 TN 的降解率分别为 100%和41.76%;以亚硝酸钠为唯一氮源培养时,亚硝酸盐氮降解率为 99.24%;以氨氮为唯一氮源培养时,氨氮的降解率达 94.1%;使用菌株 ZH-14 处理畜禽沼液,当其接种终浓度为 107 CFU/mL 时,经过 48 h 处理,氨氮、硝酸盐氮和化学需氧量的去除率分别为 54.4%、97.7%和 77.9%。综上表明,菌株 ZH-14 具有较强的反硝化和处理猪场沼液的能力,具有良好的应用开发前景。  相似文献   

Biofilm production by pathogens associated with canine otitis externa,and the antibiofilm activity of ionophores and antimicrobial adjuvants     

Wei Yee Chan  Elizabeth E. Hickey  Stephen W. Page  Darren J. Trott  Peter B. Hill 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(6):682-692

Otitis externa (OE) is a frequently reported disorder in dogs associated with secondary infections by Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and yeast pathogens. The presence of biofilms may play an important role in the resistance of otic pathogens to antimicrobial agents. Biofilm production of twenty Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and twenty Pseudomonas aeruginosa canine otic isolates was determined quantitatively using a microtiter plate assay, and each isolate was classified as a strong, moderate, weak or nonbiofilm producer. Minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of two ionophores (narasin and monensin) and three adjuvants (N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), Tris‐EDTA and disodium EDTA) were investigated spectrophotometrically (OD_570nm) and quantitatively (CFU/ml) against selected Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas biofilm cultures. Concurrently, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of planktonic cultures were assessed. 16/20 of the S. pseudintermedius clinical isolates were weak biofilm producers. 19/20 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates produced biofilms and were distributed almost equally as weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers. While significant antibiofilm activity was observed, no MBEC was achieved with narasin or monensin. The MBEC for NAC ranged from 5,000–10,000 µg/ml and from 20,000–80,000 µg/ml against S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Tris‐EDTA eradicated P. aeruginosa biofilms at concentrations ranging from 6,000/1,900 to 12,000/3,800 µg/ml. The MBEC was up to 16‐fold and eightfold higher than the MIC/MBC of NAC and Tris‐EDTA, respectively. Disodium EDTA reduced biofilm growth of both strains at concentrations of 470 µg/ml and higher. It can be concluded that biofilm production is common in pathogens associated with canine OE. NAC and Tris‐EDTA are effective antibiofilm agents in vitro that could be considered for the treatment of biofilm‐associated OE in dogs.  相似文献   

Solubilization of zinc phosphate by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from a forest soil     

C. D. Di Simine  J. A. Sayer  G. M. Gadd 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1998,28(1):87-94

 A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, able to solubilize zinc phosphate, was isolated from a forest soil. Colonies of the microorganism produced clear haloes on solid medium incorporating zinc phosphate, but only when glucose was provided as the carbon source. Solubilization of zinc phosphate occurred by both an increase in the H⁺ concentration of the medium, probably a consequence of ammonia assimilation, and the production of gluconic acid. High concentrations of gluconic acid were produced when P. fluorescens 3a was cultured in the presence of zinc phosphate. Although under some conditions gluconic acid is purportedly able to solubilize metals by the formation of chelates, no evidence of zinc chelation was obtained in our experiments. Furthermore, the increased Zn²⁺ concentration caused by the solubilization process resulted in the manifestation of toxic effects on the culture. A sample of the culture, sonicated to disrupt cells, still possessed the ability to produce gluconic acid from glucose, in the presence and absence of zinc phosphate. The lack of gluconic acid overproduction in cultures of P. fluorescens 3a which were not amended with zinc phosphate suggests that at least some of the glucose oxidation required for the zinc solubilization occurred as a result of the toxic stress caused by the high Zn²⁺ concentration. Received: 16 December 1997  相似文献   

番茄青枯菌分泌物中热稳定成分的毒性研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

汪国平  曾宪铭 《华南农业大学学报》1998,19(4):22-26

研究了青枯细菌毒性菌株平板培养滤液中热稳定性成分对番茄组织培养物的影响。结果表明;ＰＣＦ中含有一类非酶,非胞外多糖的热稳定毒性物质,它对番茄叶片脱分化过程有抑制作用,抗病材料较感病材料敏感,另外,它对番茄试管生根也起抑制作用;ＥＰＳ没有上述抑制作用。  相似文献   

A bacterium with close genetic identity to Pseudomonas mandelii associated with spring fish kills in wild bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque and pumpkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus)          下载免费PDF全文

J Lovy  D Dicarlo‐Emery  J M Hutcheson 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(12):1757-1764

Pseudomonas fluorescens are known bacterial pathogens in fish. The P. fluorescens group contains at least nine different bacterial species, although species from fish have rarely been differentiated. Two isolated fish kills affecting wild bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, and pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus), occurred in the spring of 2015 during cool water temperatures (12.5°C–15.5°C). Disease signs included severe bacteraemia with rare gross external signs. Pure bacterial cultures isolated from kidneys of all affected fish were identified as P. fluorescens using the API 20NE system, while no bacteria were isolated from asymptomatic fish. To further identify the species of bacterium within the P. fluorescens complex, genetic analysis of the 16S rRNA, rpoD and gyrB genes was conducted. DNA sequences of bacterial isolates from both mortality events were identical and had close identity (≥99.7%) to Pseudomonas mandelii. Although likely widespread in the aquatic environment, this is the first report of a bacterium closely resembling P. mandelii infecting and causing disease in fish. The bacterium grew at temperatures between 5°C and 30°C, but not at 37°C. It is possible that infections in fish were a result of immunosuppression associated with spring conditions combined with the psychrotrophic nature of the bacterium.  相似文献   

Effect of N2‐fixing bacterial inoculations on yield of sugar beet and barley     

Ramazan akmak&#x;  Faik Kantar  Fikrettin Sahin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2001,164(5):527-531

Drawbacks of intensive farming practices and environmental costs of N fertilizers have renewed interest in bio‐fertilizers. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of 7 N₂‐fixing bacterial isolates from various sources in sugar beet and barley production under field conditions in the higland plateau of Erzurum, Turkey (29° 55′ N and 41° 16′ E with an altitude of 1950 m) in 1999 and 2000. Seeds were inoculated with five bacterial strains of Bacillus; BA‐140, BA‐142, M‐3, M‐13, and M‐58, a strain of Burkholderia (BA‐7) and Pseudomonas (BA‐8). The bacterial strains had been demonstrated to grow in N‐free basal medium. The experiment also included applications of mineral nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and NP‐fertilizer as well as a control treatment without inoculation and fertilizer application. Two years of trials under field conditions showed that seed inoculation with bacterial strains significantly affected yield, yield components, and quality parameters both in sugar beet and barley. On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA‐140, BA‐142, M‐58, BA‐7, BA‐8, M‐13, and M‐3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively. N, P, and NP applications, however, increased root yield up to 13.6, 5.3, and 21.4% and sugar yield by 6.1, 4.0, and 14.8%, respectively. Of the bacteria tested, BA‐140 and BA‐142 had yields equal to N application. All bacterial inoculations also gave higher seed and total biomass yields in barley than control plots. BA‐140 and BA‐142 were top yielding strains. In conclusion, bacterial seed inoculations especially with BA‐140 and BA‐142 may satisfy nitrogen requirements of sugar beet and barley under field conditions even in upland areas.  相似文献   

Penaeus monodon larvae can be protected from Vibrio harveyi infection by pre‐emptive treatment of a rearing system with antagonistic or non‐antagonistic bacterial probiotics     

Srinivas Somnath Pai  Abdulaziz Anas  Natamai Subramaniam Jayaprakash  Prabhakaran Priyaja  Balachandran Sreelakshmi  Radhakrishnan Preetha  Rosamma Philip  Ambat Mohandas  Isaac Sarogeni Bright Singh 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(6):847-860

This study shows that the disease resistance and survival rate of Penaeus monodon in a larval rearing systems can be enhanced by supplementing with antagonistic or non‐antagonistic probiotics. The antagonistic mode of action of Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 against vibrios was demonstrated in larval mesocosm with cultures having sufficient concentration of antagonistic compounds in their culture supernatant. Investigations on the antagonistic properties of Bacillus MCCB 101, Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 and Arthrobacter MCCB 104 against Vibrio harveyi MCCB 111 under in vitro conditions revealed that Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 were inhibitory to the pathogen. These inhibitory properties were further confirmed in the larval rearing systems of P. monodon. All these four probionts significantly improved larval survival in long‐term treatments as well as when challenged with a pathogenic strain of V. harveyi MCCB 111. We could demonstrate that Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 accorded disease resistance and a higher survival rate in P. monodon larval rearing systems through active antagonism of vibrios, whereas Bacillus MCCB 101 and Arthrobacter MCCB 104 functioned as probiotics through immunostimulatory and digestive enzyme‐supporting modes of action.  相似文献