Characterization of Elicitor-inducible Tobacco Genes Isolated by Differential Hybridization     

Daigo TAKEMOTO  Noriyuki DOKE  Kazuhito KAWAKITA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(2):89-96

Inducible responses in plants against pathogen attack play a major role in resistance to disease. The defense responses are mostly associated with the expression of various kinds of inducible genes. We employed differential hybridization to isolate elicitor-inducible genes (EIGs) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN) using the tobacco-fungal elicitor system. A cDNA library was constructed from tobacco leaves treated for 12 hr with hyphal wall components (HWC) prepared from Phytophthora infestans, and six EIGs were identified. Expression of all EIGs was induced after inoculation with the soybean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (nonpathogenic on tobacco) or treatment with salicylic acid, and a variety of expression patterns of EIG mRNAs was observed. Sequence analysis of EIG cDNAs revealed similarities to genes for SAR8.2 (EIG-B39 and EIG-D14), glycine-rich protein (EIG-G7), extensin (EIG-I30), acyltransferase (EIG-I24) and unknown protein (EIG-J7). Possible roles of EIG products in disease resistance are discussed. Received 30 August 2000/ Accepted in revised form 30 November 2000  相似文献   

抑菌圈-定殖力双重测定法筛选青枯病生防细菌   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

郭坚华  王玉菊 《植物病理学报》1996,26(1):49-54

 本研究首先用平皿抑菌圈法筛选出55个拮抗青枯菌的细菌菌株,将番茄幼苗在各菌菌悬液中浸根12h后栽种于温室未灭菌的土壤中,结果发现,有22个菌株在幼苗根部的定殖能力较强(终定殖密度大于104 cfu/g根),其中革兰氏阴性土壤细菌占同类菌的86.3%,革兰氏阳性土壤细菌占同类菌的13.0%,10个无致病力产细菌素的青枯菌菌株在根部的终定殖密度均低于104 cfu/g根,其定殖能力弱于致病青枯菌。有17个拮抗菌菌株在番茄幼苗根部的定殖密度超过所有致病菌。温室生防结果证明,抑菌圈-定殖力双重测定法对于筛选生防菌株是一种行之有效的方法。  相似文献   

荧光93菌体和代谢物对全蚀病菌和小麦生长影响的初步研究     

张中鸽  彭于发  黄大昉  陈彩层  张杰 《中国生物防治》1992,(3)

对荧光假单胞菌工程菌剂“荧光93”菌体和代谢物的作用特性进行了比较。结果表明:该菌剂能保护小麦根系免遭全蚀病危害,对植株生长有促进作用。菌体的抑菌能力强于代谢物,浸种处理防效分别为44.8％和27.8％;代谢物具有更强的刺激植株生长作用,在无病条件下,代谢物灌根处理鲜重增加34.5％,菌体处理鲜重增加7.5％。培养基成份对代谢物的作用有一定影响:以马铃薯葡萄糖培养产生的代谢物,抑菌效果好;营养肉汁酵母粉培养产生的代谢物,促生作用好。据此推断,荧光93菌剂代谢产物中含有抑制全蚀病菌和刺激植株生长的物质。  相似文献   

Need for flagella for complete virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci: genetic analysis with flagella-defective mutants ?fliC and ?fliD in host tobacco plants     

Yuki Ichinose  Rena Shimizu  Yoko Ikeda  Fumiko Taguchi  Mizuri Marutani  Takafumi Mukaihara  Yoshishige Inagaki  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(4):244-249

The flagellins purified from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci induce a hypersensitive reaction in nonhost tomato cells. To investigate the role of flagella and flagellin in the compatible interaction, we generated two types of flagella-defective mutant. The fliC mutant lost the fliC gene that encodes flagellin protein, whereas the fliD mutant lost the fliD gene that encodes HAP2-capping protein. The two mutants had markedly reduced ability to cause disease symptoms in tobacco leaves. Furthermore, propagation of the mutants in tobacco leaves was less than that in wild-type pv. tabaci. Compared to the inoculation with wild-type pv. tabaci, inoculation with the two mutants did not markedly induce the expression of typical defense response-related genes such as PAL and hsr203J. Complementation of each fliC and fliD gene to the corresponding deficient mutant restored motility and virulence. These results indicate that flagella of P. syringae pv. tabaci are indispensable organelles for complete virulence on host tobacco plants.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sheep with fleece rot in northern and middle Jordan     

El-Sukhon SN 《Veterinary dermatology》2002,13(5):247-251

A total of 162 sheep fleece samples were collected from 2315 sheep clinically examined for evidence of dermatitis. The sheep belonged to 32 flocks raised in northern and middle Jordan. Eighty-three samples showed no obvious abnormalities, whereas the remainder showed exudation (79 samples), fleece discoloration (18) and fleece roughness (40) and abscesses (7). Seventeen Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from these samples. Antibacterial resistance in vitro was common; resistance to tetracycline, amoxycillin, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole was shown by > 90% of the isolates. Resistance to norfloxacin (29.4% of isolates), ciprofloxacin (17.6%) and amikacin (17.6%) was also demonstrated. Fourteen isolates were serum resistant when assessed after 1-3 h incubation in sheep and calf sera, and their count increased by 2-2.9 and 2.5-3.5 respectively.  相似文献   

The potential of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and other biological control organisms for suppressing fusarium wilt of banana   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

B. Nel  C. Steinberg  N. Labuschagne  A. Viljoen 《Plant pathology》2006,55(2):217-223

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum and Trichoderma isolates from suppressive soils in South Africa to suppress fusarium wilt of banana in the glasshouse. Several biological control agents and commercial biological control products were included in the study. The isolates were first screened in vitro on potato dextrose agar. In glasshouse evaluations, the fungal and bacterial isolates were established on banana roots before they were replanted in pathogen-infested soil, while the commercial biocontrol agents were applied as directed by the supplier. Banana plantlets were evaluated for disease development after 7 weeks. In vitro tests showed none of the nonpathogenic isolates suppressed Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense ( Foc ), while slight suppression was observed with the two Trichoderma isolates. Results of the glasshouse evaluations revealed that two of the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates, CAV 255 and CAV 241, reduced fusarium wilt incidence by 87·4 and 75·0%, respectively. The known biological control agent Fo47 did not suppress Foc significantly. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WCS 417, known for its ability to suppress other fusarium wilt diseases (WCS 417), reduced disease incidence by 87·4%. These isolates should be further evaluated for potential application in the field, independently and in combination.  相似文献   

Analysis of the gacS-gacA regulatory genes of spontaneous mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strain PfG32R     

W. Gusti Ngurah Alit-Susanta  Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(3):159-167

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PfG32R, a potential biocontrol agent against soilborne pathogens, frequently loses its antifungal activity and ability to produce enzymes. To characterize genetically the instability of these bacterial functions, we analyzed gacS and gacA genes of PfG32R and three spontaneous mutants of PfG32R (NR1, NR9, and ASW6), which had lost their ability to produce proteases and antifungal activities. The gacS and gacA sequences of PfG32R had 77%–89% and 78%–87% homology, respectively, with several known gacS and gacA homologues. All three spontaneous mutants were subjected to complementation analysis. Introduction of clones containing an intact gacS of PfG32R and another P. fluorescens strain Pf-5 as well as strain tea632 of P. syringae pv. theae complemented all three mutants restoring protease and antifungal activities, indicating a mutation in gacS. In sequencing analysis, the mutants had a deletion or change in amino acids in the conserved sensor kinase domains of GacS. The three mutants maintained both their antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis and siderophore production, indicating that they are not controlled by the GacS/GacA system. The sequences reported in this article have been deposited in the DDBJ database under accession numbers AB219364 and AB219365.  相似文献   

Pseudomonas sp.20#-5防治烟草黑胫病田间试验初报   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杨廷  张伏军  袁志辉  胡军华  肖杰  蓝希钳  周泽扬 《植物保护》2007,33(3):130-132

20^#-5菌株是本实验室从土壤中分离保存的1株假单胞菌,2006年对其发酵液防治烟草黑胫病进行了田间防效试验。结果显示,不同发病时期20^#-5菌发酵液的防治效果在64.39%～79.70%,高于对照药剂,防治效果较好。不同施药时期调查结果表明,发病前施用20^#-5菌发酵液的防治效果要好于发病后施用,说明20^#-5菌发酵液对烟草黑胫病具有有效的预防作用。  相似文献   

Genetic characterization by fluorescent AFLP of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species     

A. Sisto  M. G. Cipriani  S. Tegli  M. Cerboneschi  G. Stea  E. Santilli 《Plant pathology》2007,56(3):366-372

The genetic diversity of 71 Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species and from diverse geographical regions was determined by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (f-AFLP) analysis. The study was carried out using three different selective primer combinations. Strains of P. syringae pv. syringae , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola , P. syringae pv. glycinea , P. syringae pv. tagetis and P. amygdali were also included as outgroups. Based on cluster analysis of f-AFLP data, all P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains showed a high degree of similarity, grouping in a cluster and forming a taxon clearly separate from outgroup strains. AFLP analyses failed to support placing strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and P. syringae pv. glycinea in the same species. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi formed subclusters that correlated with the host species. Strains identified within these subclusters were related to the geographical region where the strains were isolated. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi from olive were divided into two subclusters. Strains from oleander were differentiated from those from ash and were divided into two additional subclusters, distinct from olive strains. Three strains isolated from jasmine showed a high level of similarity among them but, at a lower Dice similarity coefficient, were linked to a subcluster including olive strains. Finally, two strains isolated from privet were similar to strains from olive and were included in the same subcluster.  相似文献   

Phenotypic variability in different strains of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi isolated from different hosts     

F. Alvarez  J.E. García de los Ríos  P. Jimenez  A. Rojas  P. Reche  M.T. Troya 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):603-609

One hundred and sixty strains of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi from Olea europaea, Olea europaea var. sylvestris, Nerium oleander, Fraxinus angustifolia and Retama sphaerocarpa, and four type strains of other pathovars were studied, investigating 102 phenotypic traits, among which we include biochemical characteristics, assimilation of different carbon sources, sensitivity or resistance to antibiotics and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production. Results were analysed with an affinity dendrogram via the Jaccard coefficient. They indicate an influence of environmental factors on the formation of the 15 phenons obtained, since isolated (knot) strains from the same species but different geographical areas are segregated. Segregation, also detected in strains from different hosts within the same area, added to the pathogenicity test helps to characterise these strains as different pathovars.  相似文献