Aphid vectors of potato virus YN     

H. A. van Hoof 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1980,86(3):159-162

BesideMyzus persicae a dozen other species were found to be vectors of potato virus Y^N. Eleven other species did not transmit the virus.White Burley tobacco and A6 potato are equally suitable as test plant to monitor the efficency ofRhopalosiphum padi as vector of PVY^N, but as PVY^N source tobacco is not suitable for this aphid species.Between some aphid species rather large differences exist in retention periods of PVY^N. WithR. insertum andAphis fabae transmission after a 1 h starvation period was still 50% of that without starvation. WithPhorodon humuli, M. certus andM. persicae this value was only 15, 30 and 30%, respectively.Samenvatting Van 12 bladluissoorten werd vastgesteld dat zij, evenalsMyzus persicae, vectoren van het aardappelvirus Y^N (PVY^N) zijn. Van 11 andere soorten kon dit niet worden vastgesteld. Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley enSolanum tuberosum cv. A6 bleken beide goed bruikbaar als toetsplant voor het vaststellen van de efficiëntie vanRhopalosiphum padi als vector van het PVY^N; voor deze bladluissoort is tabak ongeschikt als bron van PVY^N.De retentieperiode van het PVY^N lijkt bij verschillende bladluissoorten aanzienlijk te variëren. BijRhopalosiphum insertum enAphis fabae bracht één uur vasten na de acquisitie de overbrenging terug tot 50% van die welke zonder vasten werd verkregen. BijPhorodon humuli was de reductie in overbrenging na één uur vasten 85%, bijMyzus certus enM. persicae was deze 70%.  相似文献   

A novel method for molecular targeting of insecticide resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Homoptera: Aphididae)     

K. Bettaibi  M. Mezghani-Khémakhem  K. Charaabi  F. Raboudi  H. Makni 《国际虫害防治杂志》2016,62(4):284-287

The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is a devastating cereal pest that develops high resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Because acetylcholinesterase (ACE) is the target of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides, the resistance mechanism usually involves mutations occurring in ACE-encoding genes, Ace1 and Ace2. Here, we describe a novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the diagnosis of resistance cases associated with the point mutation F368L in the Ace2 gene. We amplified a 127 bp DNA fragment from Ace2 gene using a modified reverse primer, and digested the amplification product using SmaI endonuclease. This procedure enabled a simple and rapid distinction between resistant and susceptible genotypes for F368L mutation. Subsequently, we screened 152 R. padi samples, and found that F368L mutation occurred at low frequency, in both the homozygous (R/R) and heterozygous (R/S) states. Based upon the results of this study, we believe that molecular diagnosis of insecticide resistance should be generalized to genes and mutations involved in this process, toward an optimal accuracy of insecticide applications.  相似文献   

麦蚜迁飞的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

国伟  沈佐锐 《中国农学通报》2004,20(6):251-251

麦蚜分布广、食性杂、繁殖力强,是世界性的农业害虫。在此,从麦蚜的田间网捕、传毒能力、飞行磨测试以及分子遗传学研究等七方面介绍了麦蚜迁飞行为的主要研究进展,讨论了麦蚜迁飞的生态意义,可能的蚜源基地及需要进一步研究的问题。  相似文献   

异色瓢虫对莲缢管蚜的捕食作用研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

葛有茂  万玲  赵士熙 《江西农业大学学报》2006,28(2):208-212

异色瓢虫对莲缢管蚜的捕食功能反应符合HollingII型方程,其捕食量随猎物密度的增加而增大,寻找效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低。与此同时,研究结果还表明,异色瓢虫的捕食作用有较强的种内干扰反应,随着捕食者密度的增大,平均捕食量逐渐减少,捕食作用率也相应降低,其干扰反应模型为:E=0.36P-1.3112(3龄幼虫)、E=0.522 4P-1.909 6(4龄幼虫)和E=0.384 5P-1.856 3(成虫)。  相似文献   

小麦生长中后期2种麦蚜垂直分布及生态位的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王冬燕  申小卫  郭线茹  杨文玲  刘欢 《河南农业科学》2006,(10):56-58

研究了小麦生长中后期麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的垂直分布及生态位,结果表明,2种麦蚜在麦田混合发生,种群动态相似,主要分布于小麦穗部和中上部叶片,时间生态位和空间生态位宽度值接近,生态位相似性比例分别高达0.8513和0.8418,禾谷缢管蚜的空间生态位重叠值大于麦长管蚜,麦长管蚜的时间生态位重叠值大于禾谷缢管蚜。  相似文献   

禾谷缢管蚜在越冬寄主植物上的行为研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈巨莲  程登发  倪汉祥  孙京瑞  Urs Wyss 《植物保护》2004,30(1):25-27

通过室内饲养观察、田间调查和利用微型昆虫显微摄影技术,研究了禾谷缢管蚜越冬卵在越冬寄主稠李(Prunus padis)上孵化,干母、干雌取食、生长发育和繁殖等行为过程,以及形态和体色变异特点。结果表明,禾谷缢管蚜越冬卵在室内的孵化率为88.68％-92.51％;在德国北部吕贝克附近田间孵化率为24.2％。越冬卵孵化起点温度低于4℃。在室温22℃下卵孵化历期为5-7d,孵化高峰在卵孵化始期后第3-4天。一日内最佳孵化时间在05:00-07:30。在室内饲养条件下,将越冬卵孵化的干母直接移植到麦苗上,蚜虫几乎都不能存活。  相似文献   

Screening for resistance against rhopalosiphum padi (L.). I. avena species and breeding lines     

Jens Weibull 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):993-999

Summary Thirty-two accessions of Avena species and breeding lines were evaluated for resistance, primarily antibiosis, to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in greenhouse and growth room tests. The highest levels of resistance were found in A. barbata and in the perennial species A. macrostachya. One breeding line, Obee, was also found to have interesting resistance characters. Resistance in A. macrostachya is discussed in relation to perenniality. A different screening method for rapid testing of large collections of varieties is evaluated.  相似文献   

Wheat cultivars and natural-based substances: Impacts on epidemiological parameters of yellow dwarf disease     

Elodie Pichon  Marlène Souquet  Thomas Armand  Emmanuel Jacquot 《Plant pathology》2022,71(6):1293-1303

For many years, control methods against aphid-transmitted barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDV) in cereal fields were mainly based on the use of neonicotinoid (NNI)-coated seeds. The ban of NNI by the EU in 2018 has reinforced the interest of the scientific community in the characterization of genetic resources and biological protections to find alternatives to chemicals for the management of B/CYDV. Eleven BYDV-susceptible wheat varieties were tested using a set of experimental procedures to evaluate their potential to alter parameters linked to the biology of aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) and spread of virus (BYDV-PAV). Moreover, two natural-based substances (azadirachtin and mineral oil) were tested for their impact on the ability of aphids to survive, colonize and transmit the virus. Results showed that the 11 genotypes tested have a level of susceptibility to virus infection similar to the susceptible reference cv. Rubisko. However, when characterization focused on virus load, latency period and aphid fecundity, partial resistance phenotypes were observed for some cultivars. Furthermore, azadirachtin increased aphid mortality and decreased aphid fecundity. Thus, in addition to genes described for their ability to limit B/CYDV infections, the genetic backgrounds of B/CYDV-susceptible wheat cultivars and azadirachtin-based treatment should be considered for future management strategies against yellow dwarf disease.  相似文献   

春玉米田蚜虫种群的数量消长及空间动态   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

丁伟  王进军  赵志模  陈贵红 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,24(1):13-16

对重庆市郊区1998年至1999年春玉米上蚜虫种群的发生情况进行了系统调查。结果表明,在春玉米上取食危害的蚜虫主要有4种,以玉米蚜为优势种群。玉米蚜虫混合种群的数量消长呈现5月中下旬和6月下旬两个高峰;几种蚜虫的混合种群在玉米田中的动态分布始终呈聚集分布。采用负二项分布K和聚块型指标M^*/X^-对聚焦集或扩散的趋势分析判断表明,随着玉米的生长发育,玉米蚜虫表现出扩散-聚集-再扩散-再聚集的趋势,而且聚集强度的变化有明显的季节性规律。  相似文献   

温度和光照对麦蚜种群增长的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

杨效文  丁文山 《河南农业大学学报》1990,24(1):11-19

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