苜蓿原生质培养及体细胞杂交技术的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马晖玲  卢欣石  曹致中 《草业科学》2007,24(8):64-68

阐述了植物原生质体培养和体细胞杂交技术以及苜蓿Medicago spp.体细胞胚胎发生特性,综述了该技术在苜蓿育种研究中的应用状况,同时介绍了我国苜蓿研究领域原生质体培养和体细胞杂交技术的研究进展.  相似文献   

葡萄VvSUC12基因启动子的克隆及上游调控因子鉴定     

吴佳鸿  邢启凯  周悦妍  白庆荣 《植物病理学报》2023,53(1):52-60

枝干病害葡萄溃疡病近年来严重限制了葡萄产业发展。研究表明葡萄蔗糖转运蛋白参与寄主植物和病原菌的互作过程。为解析蔗糖转运蛋白VvSUC12在葡萄免疫反应过程中的功能,本研究克隆了VvSUC12基因翻译起始位点上游1 500 bp的启动子区,通过生物信息学分析发现该区域包含4个Dof转录因子结合序列(A/TAAAG)及多种激素调节与防御相关的顺式元件。实时荧光定量分析显示,接种可可毛色二孢菌显著诱导VvSUC12和VvDof19基因的表达。通过酵母单杂交实验筛选得到与VvSUC12启动子互作的转录因子VvDof19。酵母双杂交实验证实VvDof19具有自激活活性;进一步通过烟草瞬时表达发现Dof19-GFP的相对GUS活性约为对照GFP的9倍,表明转录因子VvDof19能够激活VvSUC12基因的表达。研究结果为深入研究蔗糖转运蛋白在葡萄免疫反应中的功能奠定基础。  相似文献   

Natural hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its wild relatives Aegilops geniculata Roth and Aegilops triuncialis L.     

Iñigo Loureiro  María Concepción Escorial  María Cristina Chueca 《Pest management science》2023,79(6):2247-2254

BACKGROUND

Cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spontaneously hybridizes with wild/weedy related Aegilops populations, but little is known about the actual rates at which this hybridization occurs under field conditions. It is very important to provide reliable empirical data on this phenomenon in order to assess the potential crop–wild introgression, especially in the context of conducting risk assessments for the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) wheat, as gene flow from wheat to Aegilops species could transfer into the wild species genes coding for traits such as resistance to herbicides, insects, diseases or environmental stresses.

RESULTS

The spontaneous hybridization rates between wheat and A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, which are very abundant in the Mediterranean area, have been estimated for the first time in the northern part of the Meseta Central, the great central plateau which includes the largest area of wheat cultivation in Spain. Hybridization rates averaged 0.12% and 0.008% for A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, respectively. Hybrids were found in 26% of A. geniculata and 5% of A. triuncialis populations, at rates that can be ≤3.6% for A. geniculata and 0.24% for A. triuncialis.

CONCLUSION

The detection of Aegilops spp.–wheat hybrids in Aegilops populations indicates that gene flow can occur, although wheat is considered a crop with a low-to-medium risk for transgene escape. These data on field hybridization rates are essential for GM wheat risk assessment purposes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Field evaluation of glutathione and glutamic acid as host marking pheromones for control of Tephritid fruit flies in a mango orchard in Kenya     

Xavier Cheseto  Hillary Kirwa  Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed  Sunday Ekesi  John J Beck  Baldwyn Torto 《Pest management science》2023,79(4):1585-1592

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Blueberries infected with the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae release odors that repel Drosophila suzukii     

Caitlin C Rering  Amanda Quadrel  Pablo Urbaneja-Bernat  John J Beck  Yahel Ben-Zvi  Fatemeh Khodadadi  Srđan G Aćimović  Cesar Rodriguez-Saona 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):4906-4920

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Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D,C-reactive protein,and haptoglobin as biomarkers in dogs newly diagnosed with histoplasmosis     

Betsy Hernandez  Jared A. Jaffey  Leah A. Cohn  Robert C. Backus  Kate KuKanich  Andrew S. Hanzlicek  Valerie J. Parker  Mary E. White  Randy Ringold  Emily Westerback  Leah Freilich  Charlotte Bolch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2023,37(2):476-483

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Is partial root-zone drying an effective irrigation technique to improve water use efficiency and fruit quality in field-grown wine grapes under semiarid conditions?     

M.L. De la Hera  P. Romero  E. Gómez-Plaza  A. Martinez 《Agricultural Water Management》2007

We investigated the effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) applied at different periods on leaf water relations, vegetative development, fruit yield, must and wine quality in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell) during a 3-year field experiment in order to determine the importance of the timing of PRD application on physiological and agronomical vine response under semiarid conditions. Two irrigation treatments were applied: conventional drip irrigation (CI) and PRD. Both treatments received the same annual water quantity. Each year the PRD treatment was applied at different periods of the growth cycle. In 1999 PRD was applied from veraison to harvest (end July–early September); in 2000 from fruit set to harvest (mid June–early September); and in 2001 PRD from budburst to harvest (mid April–early September). Leaf water relations and gas exchange during the experimental period were not significantly affected by PRD treatment. In 1999 and 2000 there was no significant treatment effect on vegetative development, yield or fruit quality. However, in 2001 (when PRD was applied from budburst to harvest), reproductive and vegetative development was clearly altered in PRD vines. Fruit set percentage and vegetative development (shoot length, pruning weight and primary and lateral leaf area) were significantly increased in PRD vines compared to CI. This resulted in both higher yield (kg per vine) (43%) and water use efficiency (40%) compared to CI vines. Berry number per cluster and cluster weight were also significantly increased in PRD vines. Notwithstanding higher yield in PRD vines and a similar berry size, the must and wine quality was not significantly altered, indicating a higher synthesis and accumulation of photoassimilates and metabolites in the berries of PRD vines. We conclude that there was an positive effect on vegetative and reproductive growth when long-term PRD was applied from the beginning of growing season (budburst), suggesting that early onset of PRD is desirable to intensify PRD response under these semiarid conditions. Nevertheless from these results we need to further investigate the long- and short-term effects of PRD, with moderate water amounts, on vegetative and reproductive development such as flowering and fruit set processes in wine grapes.  相似文献   

From shallow to deep waters: habitats used by larval lampreys (genus Petromyzon and Lampetra) over a western European basin     

Catherine Taverny  Isabelle Ortusi  Charles Roqueplo  Mario Lepage  Patrick Lambert 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(1):87-99

Abstract –  Habitat requirements of lamprey ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra genus) were investigated, for the first time, from shallow to deep waters, at different spatial scales across the Gironde‐Dordogne continuum, thanks to a water suction dredge. Fish‐habitat relationships were assessed through two complementary statistical analyses: habitat‐use curves and habitat suitability models using the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) technique. Analyses were performed on a small‐size data set that was characterised by the low prevalence of lamprey. The sea lamprey larvae occurred in deeper areas than their Lampetra genus counterparts. ‘Pools’ of 2 m’ depth and more were optimal habitats for the former species. Among the environmental variables retained to model lamprey occurrences, the mesohabitat (a categorical variable) was demonstrated to be highly influential, in terms of fine grain‐size substratum and vegetation cover. These preliminary results suggest that monitoring using the water suction dredge method may contribute to sea lamprey conservation.  相似文献   

Screening of field performance of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against cabbage root flies (Delia radicum l. and d. floralis (fall.); Diptera,Anthomyiidae)     

Irene Vänninen  Heikki Hokkanen  Johanna Tyni‐Juslin 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):167-183

Finnish isolates of Beauveria bassiana (8 isolates), Metarhizium anisopliae (7), Tolypocladium sp. (2), Paecilomyces farinosus (2), P. fumosoroseus (1), Steinernema feltiae (3) and Bacillus thuringiensis ('Muscabac') were tested for efficacy against mixed populations of Delia radicum and D. floralis under field conditions in 1986–90. All pathogens were applied preventatively, the fungi as aqueous conidial or mycelial suspensions, dry conidia or dry mycelial powder. In only two of the nine experiments did B. bassiana or M. anisopliae give some control. In 1986, B. bassiana SF85–2 and Tolypocladium sp. SF85–4 (both at rate 1.2 x 10⁹ conidia plant‐ 1), and ‘Muscabac’ (25 g 1^?1, 1 dl plant^?1) reduced the number of pupae by 80%, 60% and 50%, respectively, as compared with untreated and chemical (isophenphos) controls. In 1990, M. anisopliae SF86–39 at rate 1.6 x 10⁹conidia plant^?1 and 1.5 x 10⁸ CFU plant^?1 and S. feltiae SFS‐22 (35000 plant^?1), increased the yield of cauliflower 2.2, 1.8, and 2.3‐fold, respectively, as compared with the untreated control, but these yields were only 19%, 15% and 19% of those of the chemical (diazinon) control. Paecilomyces isolates were ineffective in the 1986 experiment in which they were included. Our results suggest that it is difficult to find efficient control agents among the fungal and nematode species tested for use as biopesticides against cabbage root flies, but that the potential of M. anisopliae against these pests deserves further study.  相似文献   

23个欧美杨无性系苗期叶锈病抗性测定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

潘姝慧  孙佳音  刘春华  吕晓亮  滕文飞 《辽宁林业科技》2010,(1):5-7,46

以引进23个欧美杨无性系为研究对象,通过对苗木叶锈病感病指数的调查,借助SPSS统计软件对调查数据进行统计分析,结果表明:对叶锈病的抗性表现超过对照品种I108的有19个,其中02-36-1、02-36-4、N177、N197和N195这5个无性系对叶锈病完全免疫;无性系02-34-334对叶锈病表现为高度抗病;02-01-119、324、03-04-111、03-04-97和02-34-278表现为抗病;03-04-141、03-04-170、02-34-347和03-05-184表现为感病;02-01-219、03-04-167、03-04-288和02-34-228表现为高感;对叶锈病的抗性表现不及对照品种I108的有3个,即03-05-206、03-04-171和03-05-156,均表现为高感。  相似文献