Accumulation of phytoalexins in leaves of plane tree (Platanus spp.) expressing susceptibility or resistance toCeratocystis fimbriata f. sp.platani     

C. El Modafar  A. Clérivet  A. Vigouroux  J. J. Macheix 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(5):503-509

Inoculation of leaves of resistantPlatanus occidentalis and susceptiblePlatanus acerifolia leaves withCeratocystis fimbriata f. sp.platani, the canker stain disease agent, induced foliar necrosis and biosynthesis of two phytoalexins, scopoletin and umbelliferone. Foliar symptoms keep localized and accumulation of coumarin phytoalexins was rapid for incompatible interactions. Necrosis spread widely and accumulation of these phenolic compounds was much later and lower for compatible interactions. The differential response could be used in a genetic improvement program for resistance against canker stain.  相似文献   

棉花对硃砂叶螨抗性的鉴定和机制研究   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

张金发  孙济中  吴征彬  刘金兰 《植物保护学报》1993,20(2):155-161

1988-1991年进行的棉花抗硃砂叶螨试验表明,海岛棉和二倍体栽培棉(中棉和草棉)对硃砂叶螨具有较高水平的抗性,它们的抗螨性已通过远缘杂交技术转移到了感螨的陆地棉栽培品种中。来自四川省和河南省的一些品种以及来自美国的PD种质系对硃砂叶螨的抗性比湖北省当地品种要差。叶片有毛,无腺体和高含淀粉的棉花,硃砂叶螨为害较重;而叶片具有致密茸毛、棉酚、可溶性糖、叶绿素和类黄酮含量高以及叶片鲜重高的品种抗螨性较强。  相似文献   

农作物重要病原菌颉颃菌的筛选     

张学君  缪卫国  朱桂宁  王金生 《中国生物防治》1993,(3)

从全国6省12个地区的26种植物根围采集到土壤样本50份。经室内分离、纯化后得到以芽孢杆菌为主的细菌菌株226个。以水稻、小麦和棉花等6种农作物上主要病原菌(8种真菌,4种细菌)为指示菌对这226个菌株进行平板双培养法抑菌测定,分别筛选到至少对1种病原真菌或细菌有颉颃活性的菌株95个和78个。对进一步研制防治不同作物病害的生物制剂建立了一个颉颃菌资源库。  相似文献   

火生态因子对草原的效应及有计划用火的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘钟龄  王炜  李政海 《干旱区资源与环境》1993,(2)

火烧可以提高禾草类的生物量25—30%,可以快速地(当年)大幅度提高羊草种群的生物量达100%以上。火烧提高羊草的抽穗率,促进草群更新复壮。火烧可以有效地抑制针茅种群的增长,并改变群落中的种群分布格局,促进羊草种群形成均匀分布格局,扩大羊草种群在群落中的生态位。火烧对草原的总生产力不发生负效应,一次火烧的正效应可持续2—3年。基于以上的结果,我们认为锡林郭勒草原区中,东部含有羊草的草原群落,可在春季四月下旬进行火烧,将会取得良好的效果。  相似文献   

赤眼蜂寄生行为研究（Ⅳ）—子代数量分配和子代性分配   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭明Fang  张兢业 《昆虫天敌》1993,15(2):51-59

本文在对赤眼蜂性控行为研究的基础上〔3〕,进一步探讨了不同种赤眼蜂在同一种寄主不同分布以及同一蜂种(松毛虫赤眼蜂 Trichogramma dendrolimi)在不同种寄主上的子代数量分配和子代性分配问题。研究结果表明,赤眼蜂具有根据寄主卵体积大小分配及调整其子代数量和子代性别的能力,在不同体积的寄主上具有明显不同的子代数量安排策略和子代性安排策略。在同一种寄主卵上,不同种的赤眼蜂对子代性分配的安排存在着较明显的种间差异.在米蛾卵上,松毛虫赤眼蜂的第一雄卵主要在其第一产卵序产出,稻螟赤眼蜂的第一雄卵主要在其第二产卵序产出,拟澳洲赤眼蜂产第一雄卵的位置比较分散,主要分布在前三卵序。松毛虫赤眼蜂大约每产6粒雌卵而产1粒雄卵;稻螟赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂大约每产5.33和3.37粒雌卵而产1粒雄卵(见表2).寄主卵的体积不同,雌蜂在不同寄主上所分配的子代数量也明显不同。松毛虫赤眼蜂在每粒米蛾卵上只安排1粒蜂卵;在每粒马尾松毛虫卵上平均安排18.64粒蜂卵;在每粒“人造卵”上平均安排33.15粒,在柞蚕卵上平均安排77.43粒蜂卵(见表3)。随着寄主卵体积的增大,雌蜂产第一雄卵的时间后移,在松毛虫卵上,松毛虫赤眼蜂雌蜂在产下第一粒雄卵后,大约以每产16粒雌卵而产1粒雄卵;在柞蚕卵上,大约每隔15粒雌卵产1粒雄卵;在“人造卵”上,产雄卵的间隔大约为9粒雌卵。  相似文献   

武昌郊区蔬菜害虫(鳞翅目)寄生六索线虫的生物学特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钟玉林  汪义慰 《昆虫天敌》1993,(3)

武昌郊区蔬菜种植地的六索线虫其含胚卵和Ⅱ期幼虫在土壤中全年均可存在,故在害虫发生季节,就有自然感染现象发生的可能;由于受降水量和气温的影响,一年中只出现春、秋两个感染高峰期,在最适条件下,六索线虫一年可完成两个世代;六索线虫的Ⅳ期幼虫、成虫、含胚卵和Ⅲ期幼虫均可越冬,且越冬的含胚卵和Ⅱ期幼虫是春季感染的主要线虫虫源.不合理地使用农药和不适时地更换茬口是影响六索线虫资源保护和利用的主要人为因子;伏秋干旱季节,采用畦间沟灌法抗旱,可提高自然感染率并使六索线虫资源得以充分利用.  相似文献   

Keratitis due to Histoplasma spp. in a horse     

Richter M  Hauser B  Kaps S  Spiess BM 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2003,6(2):99-103

A 5-year-old Holsteiner gelding from Germany was presented 2 months after a whitish discoloration of the left cornea was observed. Cytologic examination revealed intra- and extracellular globular structures, up to 4 micro m in size, consisting of a central spherical deeply basophilic body surrounded by an unstained halo. The structures were morphologically consistent with Histoplasma spp. Infection with Histoplasma organisms is not endemic in Europe. Topical use of fluconazole was successful in eliminating Histoplasma organisms within 10 days of initiation of treatment.  相似文献   

肉鸡嗉囊内容物中乳杆菌鉴定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张以芳  王生奎  张文鑫 《中国家禽》2000,22(3):11-12

本文对艾维茵肉仔鸡嗉囊内容物中的乳杆菌进行调查,从16份样品中,共分离到58株乳杆菌,鉴定为12个种,其中植物乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、双发酵乳杆菌4个种占分离菌株数的66%,确认是肉鸡嗉囊内容物中的优势种群.  相似文献   

致病杆菌CB43菌株对灰霉病菌的抑制作用     

肖罗  杨秀芬  邱德文  戴良英  杨怀文  刘峥  袁京京 《中国生物防治》2006,(Z1)

测定了致病杆菌CB43菌株代谢物对灰葡萄病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明:CB43代谢物对灰葡萄孢菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,500、250、125ml/L代谢物能完全抑制菌丝的生长,并具有杀死作用。62.5ml/L的发酵液处理灰葡萄病菌菌丝72h的抑制率仍达83.35%。20ml/L的发酵液处理灰葡萄孢菌丝能引起菌丝畸形,异常分支、粗短。CB43代谢物能杀死灰葡萄孢分生孢子或抑制其萌发,500~62.5ml/L的发酵液处理16h后,孢子萌发抑制率达88.1%~97.91%。温室试验表明,CB43代谢物对黄瓜灰霉病的控制效果达84.09%,化学农药40%施佳乐的效果为72.94%。  相似文献   

The potential of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and other biological control organisms for suppressing fusarium wilt of banana   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

B. Nel  C. Steinberg  N. Labuschagne  A. Viljoen 《Plant pathology》2006,55(2):217-223

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum and Trichoderma isolates from suppressive soils in South Africa to suppress fusarium wilt of banana in the glasshouse. Several biological control agents and commercial biological control products were included in the study. The isolates were first screened in vitro on potato dextrose agar. In glasshouse evaluations, the fungal and bacterial isolates were established on banana roots before they were replanted in pathogen-infested soil, while the commercial biocontrol agents were applied as directed by the supplier. Banana plantlets were evaluated for disease development after 7 weeks. In vitro tests showed none of the nonpathogenic isolates suppressed Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense ( Foc ), while slight suppression was observed with the two Trichoderma isolates. Results of the glasshouse evaluations revealed that two of the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates, CAV 255 and CAV 241, reduced fusarium wilt incidence by 87·4 and 75·0%, respectively. The known biological control agent Fo47 did not suppress Foc significantly. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WCS 417, known for its ability to suppress other fusarium wilt diseases (WCS 417), reduced disease incidence by 87·4%. These isolates should be further evaluated for potential application in the field, independently and in combination.  相似文献