杂交水稻旱育秧本田高产栽培数学模型的初步分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许美刚  潘永勇 《杂交水稻》1997,12(3):19-21

采用二次回归正交设计方法，研究旱育秧本田高产栽培的移栽密度、施肥总量、基追肥比例及适宜的搁田期，获得了江苏省里下河地区单产１０．１３ｔ／ｈｍ２以上的密、肥、水的技术方案：移栽密度为１７．１～３１．１万穴／ｈｍ２，施氮总量２１４．９５～３０５．３３ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，基追肥比例５６．１１∶４３．８９～８６．５７∶１３．４３，适宜的搁田期６９．１４％～１２２．８４％。  相似文献   

育秧方式对杂交早稻生育特性的影响   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

江产庚  韦善清 《杂交水稻》1998,13(5):18-20

对水稻软盘秧、旱秧和湿润秧秧苗素质及其生育特性进行了系统比较，分析了软盘秧和旱秧高产的原因及不利高产的因素。  相似文献   

种肥播施方式对红壤旱地油菜产量及肥料利用率的影响     

LYU Wei-Sheng  XIAO Fu-Liang  ZHANG Shao-Wen  ZHENG Wei  HUANG Tian-Bao  XIAO Xiao-Jun  LI Ya-Zhen  WU Yan  HAN De-Peng  XIAO Guo-Bin  ZHANG Xue-Kun 《作物学报》1962,46(11):1790-1800

In order to explicit proper sowing and fertilizing methods of rapeseed production in red-soil dryland, a two-year field experiment covering two rapeseed seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) was conducted with four treatments of sowing and fertilizing methods to analyze the impact on yield formation and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed, including conventional sowing and fertilizing method (T1), sowing in row with surface broadcast fertilizing (T2), synchronous sowing in uniform row with side deep fertilizing (T3) and synchronous sowing in wide-narrow row with side deep fertilizing (T4). The results were as follows: The yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed in red-soil dryland were significantly affected by sowing and fertilizing methods. Besides, these differences were more significant in poor soil condition and drought season (2017-2018) than those in nutrient-rich soil condition and rainy season (2018-2019). Compared with T1 and T2, T3 and T4 promoted the yield formation and increased its fertilizer use efficiency significantly, whereas there was no significant difference between T3 and T4. Specifically, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing could improve dry matter production during the whole growth period of rapeseed, especially from anthesis to maturity, with a corresponding rise of dry matter accumulation of both underground and aboveground after anthesis. Meanwhile, compared with the conventional cultivation, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing increased the uptake of nutrients (N, P and K), effective plant density and maintained sufficient pod number, and thus improved the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed. This study indicated that the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing had the potential of improving rapeseed productivity in red-soil dryland of southern China. Therefore, it should be suggested to promote the application according to local condition.  相似文献   

黄土高原旱地土壤水资源管理   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

李开元 《水土保持通报》1995,15(6):34-38

该论述了黄土高原土壤水资源的数量、性质和动态规律，提出了土壤水资源管理应从提高作物耗水量，水分利用效率和建立水分良性循环的植制度３个途径进行。  相似文献   

氯化氯代胆碱提高黄土高原旱地小麦水肥效应机理的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵先贵  肖玲 《水土保持通报》1996,16(2):29-31

通过模拟试验及＾１５Ｎ追踪技术，研究了ＣＣＣ浸种对黄土高的旱地小麦水肥效应影响的机理。结果表明：１％ＣＣＣ浸种可使土壤深层根的重量增加８６．４％，并可提高旱地小麦再生新的要力达２０％以上，对追施氮肥的利用能力较对照高２０％，产量提高了１６．４％。  相似文献   

黄土高原旱地不同施肥对土壤肥力与产量的影响   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

HAO Ming-De  FAN Jun  WEI Xiao-Rong  PEN Lin-F  LAI Lu 《土壤圈》2005,15(2):189-195

Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China, to ascertain the effect of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and manure on wheat yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management. The experiment consisted of nine fertilizer treatments with three replicates arranged in a completely randomized design: 1) CK (no fertilizer); 2) N (N 120 kg ha-1); 3) P (P 26.2 kg ha-1); 4) NP (N 120, P 26.2 kg ha-1-2); 5) M (manure 75 t ha-1); 6) NM (N 120 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); 7) PM (P 26.2 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); 8) NPM (N 120 , P 26.2 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); and 9) fallow (no fertilizer, no crop). N fertilizer was applied in the form of urea and P was applied as calcium super phosphate. The results showed that precipitation had a large effect on the response of wheat yield to fertilization. Manure (M), NP, PM, NM, and NPM treatments significantly increased (P < 0.05) average yield. In the NP, PM, NM and NPM treatments, the percentage increases in yield due to fertilization were highest in normal years, and lowest in the drought years. Long-term P application enhanced soil available P markedly, and manure applications contributed more to soil fertility than chemical fertilizers alone. Chemical fertilizers applied together with manure distinctly improved soil fertility. The results also showed that the soil nutrient concentration changed mainly in the 0--60 cm layers and fertilization and planting only slightly affected soil nutrients below the 100 cm layers.  相似文献   

耕作、残茬及施肥管理对土壤有机质动态变化影响的情景分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

WANG Xiao-Bin  CAI Dian-Xiong  W. B. HOOGMOED  O. OENEMA  U. D. PERDOK 《土壤圈》2005,15(4):473-483

Based on data from 10-year field experiments on residue/fertilizer management in the dryland farming region of northern China, Century model was used to simulate the site-specific ecosystem dynamics through adjustment of the model＇s parameters, and the applicability of the model to propose soil organic carbon （SOC） management temporally and spatially, in cases such as of tillage/residue/fertilization management options, was identified v/a scenario analysis.Results between simulations and actual measurements were in close agreement when appropriate applications of stover,manure and inorganic fertilizer were combined. Simulations of extreme C/N ratios with added organic materials tended to underestimate the measured effects. Scenarios of changed tillage methods, residue practices and fertilization options showed potential to maintain and enhance SOC in the long run, while increasing inorganic N slowed down the SOC turnover rate but did not create a net C sink without any organic C input. The Century model simulation showed a good relationship between annual C inputs to the soil and the rate of C sequestration in the top 20 cm layer and provided quantitative estimations of changes in parameters crucial for sustainable land use and management. Conservation tillage practices for sustainable land use should be integrated with residue management and appreciable organic and inorganic fertilizer application, adapted according to the local residue resource, soil fertility and production conditions. At least 50% residue return into the soil was needed annually for maintenance of SOC balance, and manure amendment was important for enhancement of SOC in small crop-livestock systems in which crop residue land application was limited.  相似文献   

不同轮耕方式对渭北旱塬麦玉轮作田土壤物理性状与产量的影响   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

陈宁宁  李军  吕薇  王淑兰 《中国生态农业学报》2015,23(9):1102-1111

为研究不同轮作模式对渭北旱作冬小麦?春玉米一年1熟轮作田土壤物理性状和产量的影响,于2007—2014年在陕西省合阳县冬小麦?春玉米轮作田连续7年实施了保护性耕作定位试验,测定和分析了免耕/深松、深松/翻耕、翻耕/免耕、连续免耕、连续深松和连续翻耕6种轮耕模式下麦田0~60 cm土层物理性状、0~200 cm土层土壤湿度和小麦产量的变化。结果表明:1)不同轮耕模式0~40 cm土层土壤容重、孔隙度和田间持水量差异显著,其中以免耕/深松效果最显著;0~60 cm土层免耕/深松轮耕处理平均田间持水量较连续翻耕处理提高12.9%;2)轮耕对土壤团聚体特性影响明显,免耕/深松0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(R0.25)最高,结构体破碎率和不稳定团粒指数(ELT)最低,水稳性均重直径(WMWD)最高,水稳性和力稳性团聚体分形维数(D)均最低;3)小麦生育期间免耕/深松处理0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水量和小麦产量较连续翻耕分别增加17.7 mm和9.5%。综合可知,轮耕有利于耕层土壤物理结构改善,免耕/深松更有利于耕层土壤大团聚体形成和土壤结构稳定,利于土壤蓄水保墒和作物增产,为渭北旱塬区麦玉轮作田较适宜的轮耕模式。  相似文献   

干旱缺水地区森林植被蒸散耗水研究   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

王彦辉  熊伟  于澎涛  沈振西  郭明春  管伟  马长明  叶兵  郭浩 《中国水土保持科学》2006,4(4):19-25

 系统总结近年来在宁夏固原六盘山、北京延庆等干旱缺水地区进行的森林植被蒸散耗水研究结果。乔、灌、草作为土壤水分限制型生态系统的坡面植被,蒸散都是水分平衡的最大分项,其中植被蒸腾又是蒸散的最大分项。植被蒸散量一般表现为高大乔木林>亚乔木林>灌木林>自然草地,但人工草地>自然草地。可依坡面产水功能将不同植被分类,自然草地和灌丛为水源生产型,亚乔木林为水源平衡型,高大乔木林和人工草地为水源消耗型。植株密度不是坡面植被蒸散大小的决定性因子,其作用更多的是调控蒸腾量及其占蒸散比例。虽然降低植株密度一般会减小蒸散,但并不是相同比例地线性下降,不同植被类型反应也不一样,表现出降低密度减少蒸散的作用从乔木、亚乔木到灌木而变弱的趋势,降低密度减少蒸散的作用是有限的。对降低密度减少蒸散的作用大小,作为调控措施的有效性,有效的密度调控范围等,还需严格的对比实验和理论研究。估计和评价植被蒸散耗水时,用叶面积指数或叶生长量指标可能比密度更符合生物学逻辑。从在干旱缺水地区建立节水、稳定、高效、多功能的坡面植被的角度而言,草地和灌丛的蒸散低于乔木林,建立稀树草原或稀树灌丛式的植被可能更利于流域产水和植被稳定。从小流域管理的角度而言,还需考虑在土壤水分承载力空间差异的基础上,探讨能兼顾产水功能、水土保持、水源涵养、植被稳定的植被空间优化配置的理论和技术。  相似文献   

渭北东塬旱地小麦耗水及其调控   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

洪晓强 《水土保持通报》1996,16(3):49-52

该应用土壤水分平衡法对渭北东部旱地小麦耗水规律进行了探讨。得出了小麦全生育期耗水量２９１．５－３６５．９ｍｍ，水分平均满足率为６４．９％，通过统计分析建立了小麦产量与农田蒸散量的数学模型。提出了蓄水保墒、培肥地力、应用抗旱制剂等旱作农艺措施。  相似文献