不同施肥水平对南瓜RuBP羧化酶活性的影响     

周修任  杨鹏鸣 《长江蔬菜》2010,(6):50-52

采用L^9（3^4）正交试验设计,系统的研究了不同施肥条件下南瓜穴盘苗的RuBP羧化酶活性。结果表明,氮素对南瓜穴盘苗的RuBP羧化酶活性影响最为显著。施用氮肥后,RuBP羧化酶活性显著降低;磷钾对南瓜穴盘苗的RuBP羧化酶活性影响最小,磷钾施用后,RuBP羧化酶活性与对照差异不显著。微肥对南瓜穴盘苗RuBP羧化酶活性的影响介于前两者之间,也使RuBP羧化酶活性较明显地降低。  相似文献   

适度水分胁迫提高黄瓜幼苗光合作用弱光适应性   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

肖文静  孙建磊  王绍辉  孙惠慧  王虹云  眭晓蕾  张振贤 《园艺学报》2010,37(9):1439-1448

以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）‘戴多星’品种为试材,在人工气候室内研究弱光（75 ~ 85 μmol · m-2 · s-1）下水分胁迫（40%基质最大持水量）对幼苗叶片光合、荧光特性及Rubisco含量的影响。结果表明,弱光逆境下,经20 d水分胁迫后的幼苗较正常水分条件下叶片光合色素（以单位面积计）含量提高,叶绿素a/b（Chl.a/b）下降,植株光饱和光合速率Asat、表观量子效率（AQY）、羧化效率（CE）、RuBP最大再生速率及光饱和点（LSP）均显著增加,CO2补偿点（CCP）显著下降,并且光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）、PSⅡ光化学量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）、光化学反应速率（Prate）、非环式电子传递速率（J）以及PSⅡ吸收光能向光化学反应分配比例P等叶绿素荧光参数呈增加趋势,PSⅠ和PSⅡ间激发能分配不平衡性（β / α–1）减小,叶片可溶性蛋白质含量和Rubisco大、小亚基含量上升,表明适度的水分胁迫有利于提高弱光下黄瓜幼苗的光合适应性;而正常光照下（500 ~ 600 μmol · m-2 · s-1）经水分胁迫后的黄瓜幼苗上述主要光合特性指标如Asat、RuBP最大再生速率、CE、ΦPSⅡ、Prate、J和P等有所下降,光系统间激发能分配不平衡性（β / α–1）增加,光合作用受到一定抑制。  相似文献   

内源水杨酸参与黄瓜叶片光合系统对低温胁迫的响应   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李亮  董春娟  尚庆茂 《园艺学报》2013,40(3):487-497

 为了探讨内源水杨酸（salicylic acid,SA）在黄瓜幼苗光合系统响应低温胁迫中的作用机制, 采用高效液相色谱法测定低温下黄瓜叶片中内源SA 含量的变化;通过SA 合成抑制剂Paclobutrazol（Pac, 100 μmol · L^-1）喷施和外源SA（50 μmol · L^-1）饲喂的方法调节内源SA 含量,并测定不同处理幼苗的叶 绿素荧光参数和光合碳同化关键酶基因的转录水平。结果显示：低温引起黄瓜幼苗内源SA 含量升高,Pac 预处理抑制SA 的积累。低温导致PSⅡ的最大光化学效率（F v/F m）、实际光化学效率（Φ PSII）、潜在光化 学活性（F v/F o）和光合电子传递效率（ETR）等降低,叶片光化学猝灭参数[（Y（NO）]升高;内源SA 含量降低使PSⅡ活性下降幅度增大,加重了叶片的光损伤程度。低温下PSⅡ吸收的光能分配于光反应的 部分减少,而以非光化学反应的过剩能量耗散Ex 为主要的光能分配途径,内源SA 含量降低会加剧光能 向Ex 的分配。低温时喷施Pac 的幼苗中Rubisco 小亚基基因（RbcS）和碳酸酐酶基因（CA）的表达水平 显著低于对照植株。对喷施Pac 的幼苗外源饲喂SA 后,内源SA 含量升高,低温下叶片光合活性得到有 效恢复,光损伤降低,光能分配趋于合理,RbcS 和CA 的表达水平升高。上述结果表明,低温下内源SA 的积累有助于维持黄瓜叶片中较高的光系统活性和碳同化能力,从而保护光合系统,降低低温胁迫对植 物的损伤。  相似文献   

Magnesium deficiency–induced impairment of photosynthesis in leaves of fruiting Citrus reticulata trees accompanied by up‐regulation of antioxidant metabolism to avoid photo‐oxidative damage     

Ning Tang  Yan Li  Li‐Song Chen 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(5):784-793

Limited data are available on the physiological responses of leaves from fruiting trees to magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Magnesium deficiency–induced effects on photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in leaves of fruiting (Citrus reticulate cv. Ponkan) trees were assessed by the chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient. Magnesium deficiency decreased leaf CO₂ assimilation and carbohydrates, but had no effect on intercellular CO₂ concentration. Activity of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and concentrations of Chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) decreased to a lesser extent than CO₂ assimilation. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient from Mg‐deficient leaves had increased O step and decreased P step, accompanied by positive ΔL, ΔK, ΔJ, and ΔI bands. Magnesium deficiency decreased maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (F_v/F_m), quantum yield of electron transport from Q<$>_A^‐<$> to the photosystem I (PSI) end electron acceptors (φ_R0), maximum amplitude of IP phase and total performance index (PI_{tot, abs}), but increased deactiviation of oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) and energy dissipation. Magnesium‐deficient leaves had higher or similar activities of antioxidant enzymes except for lower catalase (CAT) activity, higher or similar concentrations of antioxidant metabolites, and a higher ratio of Car : Chl. Magnesium‐deficiency did not affect concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ratios of ascorbate (ASC) to ASC + dehydroascorbate (DHA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) to GSH + oxidized glutathione (GSSG). In conclusion, Mg deficiency–induced impairment of the whole photosynthetic electron transport chain may be the main factor contributing to decreased CO₂ assimilation. Enhanced energy dissipation and antioxidant metabolism provide sufficient protection to Mg‐deficient leaves against photo‐oxidative damage.  相似文献   

胡麻异质型ACCase亚基基因的克隆与表达分析     

杨婷  张建平  刘自刚  齐燕妮  李闻娟  谢亚萍 《草业学报》2020,29(4):111-120

为研究胡麻异质型乙酰辅酶A羧化酶BCCP、BC、α-CT和β-CT四个亚基基因的生物学功能,采用基因克隆、生物信息学和RT-PCR技术分别对胡麻accA、accB、accC和accD 4个基因进行分析。结果发现陇亚10号accA基因编码α-CT亚基,CDS序列全长为2364 bp,编码787个氨基酸;accB基因编码BCCP亚基,CDS序列全长为1173 bp,编码275个氨基酸;accC基因编码BC亚基,CDS序列全长为1574 bp,编码527个氨基酸;accD基因编码β-CT亚基,CDS序列全长为1137 bp,编码378个氨基酸,且4个基因编码的蛋白都是脂肪酸系数较高的亲水性蛋白。RT-PCR结果表明,胡麻accA、accB、accC和accD 4个基因在3个胡麻品种(高含油量的张亚2号、中含油量的陇亚10号和低含油量的R2-17)的不同时期不同组织的表达模式不同,accA、accB、accC和accD四个基因在R2-17、陇亚10号和张亚2号3个胡麻品种所有时期的不同组织中均有表达,但在种子中的表达量均明显高于其他组织,尤其在种子发育10~25 d油脂快速积累时期,4个基因的表达量都迅速增加并达到最高峰。研究表明异质型乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因可能调控胡麻种子发育前期油脂的合成积累。  相似文献   

Hypolipidemic effect of coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum): mechanism of action     

Chithra  V.  Leelamma  S. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,51(2):167-172

The effect of the administration of coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) on the metabolism of lipids was studied in rats fed a high fat diet with added cholesterol. The spice had a significant hypolipidemic action. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly in the tissues of the animals of the experimental group which received coriander seeds. Significant increases in -hydroxy, -methyl glutaryl CoA reductase and plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity were noted in the experimental group. The level of LDL + VLDL cholesterol decreased while that of HDL cholesterol increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. The increased activity of plasma LCAT, enhanced hepatic bile acid synthesis and the increased degradation of cholesterol to fecal bile acids and neutral sterols appeared to account for its hypocholesterolemic effect.  相似文献   

木兰门作物RubisCO大亚基的分子适应性进化研究     

刘晗  王丽坤  熊冬金 《农业科学与技术》2009,10(4):8-11,18

分子进化中发生正选择的一个标志是密码子的错义替换（dN,氨基酸替代）比同义替换（dS,氨基酸不变）有更高的替换速率,计算dN与dS之比ω能衡量蛋白质的进化趋势和所受到进化压力的大小。ω=1、〈1和〉1分别说明蛋白质在进化过程中受到中性选择、负选择和正选择。  相似文献   

日本看麦娘对精噁唑禾草灵和甲基二磺隆的抗性机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕亚玲  戴玲玲  谷刚  李君君 《浙江农业学报》2020,32(4):671

为明确抗性日本看麦娘种群对精噁唑禾草灵和甲基二磺隆的抗性机制,研究了乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACCase)和乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)基因在抗性和敏感日本看麦娘种群内的差异,以及谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GSTs)的活性差异,同时测定了抗性种群AFT对不同的ACCase和ALS抑制剂类除草剂的交互抗性。结果显示:与敏感种群AH-7相比,抗性种群AFT的ACCase基因CT区的2027位氨基酸和ALS基因的574位氨基酸发生突变;AFT种群的GSTs活性经过精噁唑禾草灵和甲基二磺隆处理后明显增强,且显著强于敏感种群AH-7;抗性种群AFT对炔草酯、烯草酮、氟唑磺隆的抗性倍数分别为27.90、34.43、10.30,表现出高水平的抗性,对唑啉草酯、甲咪唑烟酸、双草醚的抗性倍数分别为5.49、6.42、5.01,表现出中等水平的抗性。经除草剂诱导后,植株体内基于GSTs代谢酶介导的代谢反应水平升高,加快植株对除草剂的代谢解毒反应;抗性种群AFT的ACCase基因和ALS基因中发生的氨基酸突变和GSTs活性的增强可能是其产生抗药性的重要原因。  相似文献   

高光效大豆光合特性的研究─Ⅵ高光效大豆C_4—途径的探讨     

戈巧英  郝乃斌  张其德  林建兴  张性坦  杜维广  张桂茹 《大豆科学》1994,(2)

本文研究了不同大豆品种（系）的与Ｃ_４—途径有关的ＰＥＰ羧化酶，ＮＡＤ（Ｐ）—苹果酸酶和丙酮酸磷酸双激酶。结果表明，上述三种酶活性在大豆品种（系）间具有明显的差异，尤以高光效品种（系）的Ｃ_４—途径关键性酶类的活性明显地高于低光效的品种，说明在Ｃ_３—植物中存在着活跃的ＣＯ_２β—羧化作用，从而有利于提高光合效率。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Heterosis on Leaf Photosynthesis of Remote-Cross F₁ Rice (Oryza saliva L.)     

K. Hirao  F. Kubota  W. Agata 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1995,175(4):265-270

The heterosis of leaf photosynthesis was studied on the main characters included in the range from CO₂exchange rate (CER) to enzymatic activity using a remote cross F, rice. The CER was significantly higher than those of the parental strains, showing a 111 % heterosis effect on average; at the same time strong heterosis was observed for the leaf area production and growth. Also stomatal and mesophyll conductances increased in the F₁ rice, which may contribute to the increase in CER. Chlorophyll content (Ch1), soluble protein content (SPC) and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase activity (RCA) were measured as the internal factors related to photosynthesis, and compared between the F₁, rice and the parents. For all these factors, the F₁ rice showed low values compared to the parents. Positive heterosis was not expressed here. On the other hand, the specific activity of RCA (RCA/SPC) increased in the F₁, rice, showing a 120% heterosis effect. This may be regarded as one of the main causes for the increase in CER of the F₁, rice. High CER expressed as heterosis concurrently with large leaf area production is one of the important findings in our study, and this may suggest a high possibility of further improvement in biomass production or yield of rice by gathering the advantageous elements into a hybrid plant.  相似文献