Invasive sequence and ecological niche of main insect borers of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix gmelinii</Emphasis> forest in Aershan,Inner Mongolia     

Kari KELIVAARA 《中国林学(英文版)》2008,10(1):9-13

After the outbreak of Dendrolimus superans Buter in 2002, many insect borers quickly invaded larch （Larix gmelinii Rupr.） forests in the Aershan of Inner Mongolia. Methods involved included setting sample plots, collecting adults in iron traps and measuring areas of galleries to study the invasive sequence, their ecological niche and the extent of the different effects by the main insect borers to their hosts. The results showed that the damage of D. superans weakened L. gmelinii, first Ips subelongatus Motschulsky invaded, followed by Acanthocinus carinulatus Gebler, Monochamus urussovi Fisher and M. sutor L. After the outbreak of D. superans, the average density of longhorn beetles per L. gmelinii tree increased. The ecological niche of Ips subelongatus stretches almost from the base to the top of the trunk. The number of insects in older stands of L. gmelinii is larger than those in middle aged stands. They do not damage healthy trees of L. gmelinii. The ecological niche of A. carinulatus is higher in dead L. gmelinii trees than in weak ones. The degree of damage is directly proportional with age and depth of bark. M. urussovi mainly damages trunks below 4 m in weak trees; in dead trees they can do damage up to 6 m in height. M. sutor mainly damages trunks below 5 m in weak L. gmelinii trees; in dead trees they cause damage up to 7 m. Again, the degree of damage is directly proportional with age. None of the three species of longhorn beetles damage healthy L. gmelinii and younger trees. Among the main insect borers, the degree of damage caused by I. subelongatus is more serious than that of other insects.  相似文献   

广西4种外来入侵植物提取物对烟蚜的生物活性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

商显坤  韦德卫  周兴华  曾涛  王助引 《广西农业科学》2008,39(6)

测试了飞机草、紫茎泽兰、银胶菊、水葫芦等4种外来入侵植物提取物对烟蚜的触杀、胃毒和选择性忌避作用等室内生物活性。结果显示,水葫芦提取物在5g／L浓度下对烟蚜的胃毒活性最高,48h校正死亡率达84．86％;飞机草、银胶菊、水葫芦提取物在10g／L浓度下处理48h对烟蚜的触杀校正死亡率均在65％左右;4种植物提取物对烟蚜有一定的忌避作用,但效果不太理想。研究结果初步证明水葫芦提取物对烟蚜有较高的胃毒活性,因此,有必要对从水葫芦提取物中分离出的对烟蚜有杀虫活性的物质做进一步研究,以明确其有效成分及结构,为研制开发新的植物源农药提供依据。  相似文献   

赫章县烟草根茎病害发生情况调查初报     

龙丽琴  桑维钧  刁朝强  杨茂发  罗正友  饶应勇  陈森玉 《贵州农业科学》2008,36(4)

对赫章县烟草黑胫病、青枯病、根结线虫病的发生情况进行了调查,结果表明:3种病害在赫章县轻度发生,大多数烟草品种发病不严重,但零星的发病也应引起重视,加强监测和防治,以免病害扩展造成严重危害.  相似文献   

Development of an ISSR-derived PCR marker linked to nematode resistance (Ha2) in spring barley     

C. Dayteg    M. Rasmussen    S. Tuvesson    A. Merker    A. Jahoor 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(1):24-27

Cereal cyst nematodes ( Heterodera avenae Woll.) are economically damaging barley parasites in most cereal growing areas of the world and the development of resistant cultivars is the best measure against the pathogen. An ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) marker identified as closely linked with the H. avenae race 1 and 2 resistance gene ( Ha2 ) has been converted into a codominant sequence characterized amplified region marker ( Ha2S18 ) and mapped in barley 'SW Buddy' × 'SW Cecilia' DH population at 4.3 cM from the Ha2 locus on the long arm of chromosome 2H. The potential usefulness of Ha2S18 in large scale marker assisted selection schemes has been evaluated in a broad genetic background and is an important complement to the bioassay and to other linked DNA-markers for this trait.  相似文献   

Molecular diagnosis and direct quantification of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera filipjevi) from field soil using TaqMan real-time PCR          下载免费PDF全文

《农业科学学报》2023,22(8):2591-2601

Heterodera filipjevi continues to be a major threat to wheat production worldwide. Rapid detection and quantification of cyst nematodes are essential for more effective control against this nematode disease. In the present study, a TaqMan-minor groove binder (TaqMan-MGB) probe-based fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was successfully developed and used for quantifying H. filipjevi from DNA extracts of soil. The primers and probe designed from the obtained RAPD-SCAR marker fragments of H. filipjevi showed high specificity to H. filipjevi using DNA from isolates-confirmed species of 23 Heterodera spp., 1 Globodera spp. and 3 Pratylenchus spp. The qPCR assay is highly sensitive and provides improved H. filipjevi detection sensitivity of as low as 4^–3 single second-stage juvenile (J2) DNAs, 10^–3 female DNAs, and 0.01 μg μL^–1 genomic DNAs. A standard curve relating to the threshold cycle and log values of nematode numbers was generated and validated from artificially infested soils and was used to quantify H. filipjevi in naturally infested field soils. There was a high correlation between the H. filipjevi numbers estimated from 32 naturally infested field soils by both conventional methods and the numbers quantified using the qPCR assay. qPCR potentially provides a useful platform for the efficient detection and quantification of H. filipjevi directly from field soils and to quantify this species directly from DNA extracts of field soils.  相似文献   

云南玉溪地区烟田根结线虫的SCAR鉴定、分布及其生物防治研究     

宋莉  周培培  李阳  张立猛  赵进龙  张翠萍  罗秀莲  纳红艳  刘芳  谷星慧  阮维斌 《农业环境科学学报》2019,36(4):546-552

云南玉溪地区是我国的烟草主产区,根结线虫病是烟草生产中的重要地下病害,危害烟草植株生长,降低产量。本研究运用SCAR-PCR方法对云南玉溪地区根结线虫进行分子鉴定,并分析不同根结线虫种类在各县区的分布情况;同时在澄江、易门两县开展利用昆虫病原线虫对根结线虫的田间防治试验。结果表明,玉溪地区主要的优势种群为花生根结线虫Meloidogyne arenaria,在所有区县均有分布,爪哇根结线虫M.javanica为次要种群,南方根结线虫M.incognita属于零星分布;田间施加昆虫病原线虫对烟草根结线虫病具有显著的抑制作用。研究结果可为烟草根结线虫病的绿色防治提供数据支持。  相似文献   

野生大豆抗胞囊线虫QTL定位     

袁翠平  齐广勋  李玉秋  刘晓冬  王英男  王玉民  赵洪锟  董英山 《中国油料作物学报》2019,41(6):887

大豆胞囊线虫病（soybean cyst nematode,SCN）是大豆生产上的重要病害,野生大豆是拓宽大豆抗病育种遗传基础的重要种质资源。为开发野生大豆资源,利用SLAF-seq技术,以杂交组合“绥农14×ZYD03685”的亲本、 126个F2单株及其衍生的F2:3家系为试验材料,进行了SLAF标签的开发、遗传图谱的绘制和QTL分析。共获得7783个SLAF标签用于遗传图谱绘制,遗传图谱总长度为2664.2 cM,20个连锁群的平均长度为133.21 cM。两个SCN 抗性QTL（qSCN-1 和qSCN-2）分别位于Chromosome（Chr）18 4.25～4.31 Mb和Chr18 13.50～13.81 Mb,分别解释了 22.96%和10.96%的抗性（胞囊指数）变异,QTL区段内分别包含了6个和14个基因。qSCN-2 区段未见有前人关于 SCN抗性QTL的报道,为新的QTL。本研究为SCN抗性机制解析和利用ZYD03685进行SCN抗病分子育种提供了  相似文献   

3株生防真菌的杀线虫活性及种类鉴定     

陈秀菊  李惠霞  徐志鹏  罗宁  韩尚明 《大豆科学》2019,38(4):576-583

大豆胞囊线虫是影响大豆产量的重要线虫,为了获得更多防治该线虫的真菌资源,在室内测定了生防菌D1、D7和A1孢子悬浮液对卵的寄生作用和发酵液的杀线虫活性。结果表明:孢子悬浮液处理12 d后,3株生防菌对大豆胞囊线虫卵的寄生率分别为68.83%、81.33%和79.50%。发酵液处理14 d后, 3株生防菌1×发酵液对卵孵化的抑制率分别为70.00%、77.78%和68.89%。3株生防菌发酵液处理3 d后,对二龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别为90.01%、86.74%和80.03%。通过形态学和rDNA-ITS序列比对及系统发育树分析,将菌株D1、D7和A1分别鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)、烟曲霉(A.fumigatus)和寄生曲霉(A.parasiticus)。  相似文献   

玉米线虫矮化病病原对玉米叶片超微结构的影响     

郭宁  石洁  刘粤阳  张海剑  刘树森  孙华 《玉米科学》2019,27(3):169-172

利用透射电镜技术对健康和感病玉米叶片细胞超微结构进行观察,明确玉米线虫矮化病病原侵染后玉米叶片病理反应的细胞学特征。结果表明,与健康植株相比,玉米线虫矮化病病原与玉米植株之间的互作均可导致寄主发生明显的细胞病理学变化。在受侵染的玉米叶肉细胞中叶绿体膨胀变形,数量相对减少,双膜结构破损;基粒片层结构膨胀、排列无序、甚至解体;线粒体数量增多、肿胀变形、内嵴模糊不清,严重者内嵴消失并空泡化;细胞核形态变为不规则,核膜破裂;染色质分布不均匀,呈降解状态。  相似文献   

Development of EST-PCR markers specific to the long arm of chromosome 6V of Dasypyrum villosum     

Hao-jie SUN  Jing-jing SONG  Jin XIAO  Tao XU  Xing WEI  Chun-xia YUAN  Ai-zhong CAO  Li-ping XING  Hai-yan WANG  Xiu-e WANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(8):1720-1726

Expressed sequence tags-derived polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) molecular markers specific for alien chromosomes can be used to not only monitor the introgressed alien chromatin in wheat background, but also provide the evidence of the syntenic relationship between homoeologous chromosomes. In the present study, in order to develop high density and evenly distributed molecular markers specific for chromosome 6VL of Dasypyrum villosum, 297 primer pairs were designed based on the expressed sequence tags (EST) sequences, which were previously mapped in different bins of the long arms of wheat homoeologous 6AL, 6BL, and 6DL. By using the Triticum aestivum, D. villosum, T. durum-D. villosum amphiploid, and T. aestivum-D. villosum alien chromosome lines involving chromosome 6V, it was found that 32 (10.77%) primers could amplify specific bands for chromosome 6V, and 31 could be allocated to chromosome arm 6VL. These 6VL specific markers provided efficient tools for the characterization of structural variation involving the chromosome 6VL in common wheat background as well as for the selection of useful genes located on 6VL in breeding programs.  相似文献